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Allosaurus
Taxonomy
Allosaurus was named by Marsh (1877). Its type is Allosaurus fragilis. It is the type genus of Allosaurinae.
It was synonymized subjectively with Antrodemus by Gilmore (1920), Piveteau (1923), Huene (1926), Hay (1930), Stromer (1931), Kuhn (1939), Untermann and Untermann (1954), Romer (1956), Tatarinov (1964), Maleev (1968), Steel (1970), Swinton (1970) and Buscalioni and Sanz (1984).
It was assigned to Dinosauria by Marsh (1877); to Ornithoscelida by Williston (1878); to Theropoda by Quenstedt (1882); to Dryptosauridae by Marsh (1895) and Marsh (1896); to Megalosauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Theropoda by Gadow (1898) and Gadow (1901); to Megalosauria by Lull (1904); to Theropoda by Gadow (1897) and Joleaud (1922); to Megalosauridae by Sauvage (1882), Marsh (1882), Vetter (1884), Dollo (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Zittel (1890), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Hay (1902), Williston (1905), Huene (1909), Lull (1911), von Zittel (1911), Lull (1911), Tornier (1913), Janensch (1920), Matthew and Brown (1922), Lull (1924), Romer (1966), Welles (1972), Madsen and Miller (1979), Lisak (1980), McIntosh (1981), Santafé et al. (1982) and Welles (1984); to Allosaurinae by Paul (1988) and Paul (1988); to Carnosauria by Novas (1992); to Tetanurae by Pérez-Moreno et al. (1994); to Carnosauria by Gauthier (1986), Russell and Dong (1994) and Currie (1997); to Neotetanurae by Carrano et al. (2002); to Allosauroidea by Sereno et al. (1996), Sereno (1997), Rauhut (2003), Yates (2005), Brusatte and Sereno (2007) and Canale et al. (2013); and to Allosauridae by Marsh (1879), Stromer (1934), Colbert and Russell (1969), Madsen (1976), Galton (1977), Molnar et al. (1981), Thulborn (1984), Russell (1984), Carroll (1988), Kurzanov (1989), Molnar et al. (1990), Bonaparte et al. (1990), Miller et al. (1991), Bonaparte (1991), Molnar (1992), Sereno et al. (1994), Holtz (1994), Osmólska (1996), Hutt et al. (1996), Hutchinson and Padian (1997), Dodson (1997), Padian and Hutchinson (1997), Sereno (1998), Smith (1998), Knoll et al. (1999), Holtz (2000), Currie and Carpenter (2000), Holtz et al. (2004), Chure et al. (2006), Mateus et al. (2006), Coria and Currie (2006), Smith (2007), Malafaia et al. (2007), Smith et al. (2008), Mateus and Milàn (2010), Bell (2010), Carrano et al. (2012), Dalman (2014), Cobos et al. (2014), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) and Chure and Loewen (2020).
It was synonymized subjectively with Antrodemus by Gilmore (1920), Piveteau (1923), Huene (1926), Hay (1930), Stromer (1931), Kuhn (1939), Untermann and Untermann (1954), Romer (1956), Tatarinov (1964), Maleev (1968), Steel (1970), Swinton (1970) and Buscalioni and Sanz (1984).
It was assigned to Dinosauria by Marsh (1877); to Ornithoscelida by Williston (1878); to Theropoda by Quenstedt (1882); to Dryptosauridae by Marsh (1895) and Marsh (1896); to Megalosauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Theropoda by Gadow (1898) and Gadow (1901); to Megalosauria by Lull (1904); to Theropoda by Gadow (1897) and Joleaud (1922); to Megalosauridae by Sauvage (1882), Marsh (1882), Vetter (1884), Dollo (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Zittel (1890), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Hay (1902), Williston (1905), Huene (1909), Lull (1911), von Zittel (1911), Lull (1911), Tornier (1913), Janensch (1920), Matthew and Brown (1922), Lull (1924), Romer (1966), Welles (1972), Madsen and Miller (1979), Lisak (1980), McIntosh (1981), Santafé et al. (1982) and Welles (1984); to Allosaurinae by Paul (1988) and Paul (1988); to Carnosauria by Novas (1992); to Tetanurae by Pérez-Moreno et al. (1994); to Carnosauria by Gauthier (1986), Russell and Dong (1994) and Currie (1997); to Neotetanurae by Carrano et al. (2002); to Allosauroidea by Sereno et al. (1996), Sereno (1997), Rauhut (2003), Yates (2005), Brusatte and Sereno (2007) and Canale et al. (2013); and to Allosauridae by Marsh (1879), Stromer (1934), Colbert and Russell (1969), Madsen (1976), Galton (1977), Molnar et al. (1981), Thulborn (1984), Russell (1984), Carroll (1988), Kurzanov (1989), Molnar et al. (1990), Bonaparte et al. (1990), Miller et al. (1991), Bonaparte (1991), Molnar (1992), Sereno et al. (1994), Holtz (1994), Osmólska (1996), Hutt et al. (1996), Hutchinson and Padian (1997), Dodson (1997), Padian and Hutchinson (1997), Sereno (1998), Smith (1998), Knoll et al. (1999), Holtz (2000), Currie and Carpenter (2000), Holtz et al. (2004), Chure et al. (2006), Mateus et al. (2006), Coria and Currie (2006), Smith (2007), Malafaia et al. (2007), Smith et al. (2008), Mateus and Milàn (2010), Bell (2010), Carrano et al. (2012), Dalman (2014), Cobos et al. (2014), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) and Chure and Loewen (2020).
Synonyms
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1873 | Antrodemus Leidy |
1877 | Allosaurus Marsh |
1877 | Apatodon Marsh |
1877 | Allosaurus Marsh pp. 515-516 |
1878 | Epanterias Cope p. 406 |
1878 | Creosaurus Marsh p. 243 fig. 1 |
1878 | Allosaurus Williston p. 45 |
1878 | Creosaurus Williston p. 45 |
1879 | Labrosaurus Marsh |
1879 | Allosaurus Marsh p. 90 |
1879 | Creosaurus Marsh p. 90 |
1879 | Labrosaurus Marsh p. 91 |
1882 | Allosaurus Marsh |
1882 | Creosaurus Marsh |
1882 | Labrosaurus Marsh |
1882 | Allosaurus Quenstedt p. 189 |
1882 | Creosaurus Quenstedt p. 189 |
1882 | Labrosaurus Quenstedt p. 189 |
1882 | Allosaurus Sauvage p. 35 |
1882 | Creosaurus Sauvage p. 35 |
1882 | Labrosaurus Sauvage p. 36 |
1884 | Allosaurus Dollo p. 298 |
1884 | Creosaurus Dollo p. 298 |
1884 | Labrosaurus Dollo p. 298 |
1884 | Allosaurus Marsh p. 69 |
1884 | Labrosaurus Marsh p. 69 |
1884 | Allosaurus Marsh p. 337 |
1884 | Creosaurus Marsh p. 337 |
1884 | Labrosaurus Marsh p. 337 |
1884 | Allosaurus Vetter p. 363 |
1884 | Creosaurus Vetter p. 363 |
1884 | Labrosaurus Vetter p. 363 |
1885 | Allosaurus Marsh p. 764 |
1885 | Creosaurus Marsh p. 764 |
1885 | Labrosaurus Marsh p. 764 |
1887 | Creosaurus Cope p. 221 |
1890 | Epanterias Zittel p. 709 |
1890 | Allosaurus Zittel p. 725 |
1890 | Creosaurus Zittel p. 725 |
1890 | Labrosaurus Zittel p. 727 |
1895 | Allosaurus Marsh |
1895 | Creosaurus Marsh |
1895 | Labrosaurus Marsh |
1896 | Allosaurus Marsh p. 239 |
1896 | Creosaurus Marsh p. 239 |
1896 | Labrosaurus Marsh p. 239 |
1897 | Allosaurus Gadow p. 204 |
1898 | Allosaurus Gadow p. 22 |
1901 | Allosaurus Gadow p. 422 |
1901 | Creosaurus Nopcsa p. 197 |
1901 | Allosaurus Nopcsa p. 198 |
1901 | Labrosaurus Nopcsa p. 201 |
1901 | Epanterias Nopcsa p. 205 |
1902 | Epanterias Hay p. 483 |
1902 | Allosaurus Hay p. 489 |
1902 | Antrodemus Hay p. 489 |
1902 | Creosaurus Hay p. 489 |
1902 | Apatodon Hay p. 506 |
1902 | Allosaurus Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxviii |
1904 | Allosaurus Lull p. 471 |
1905 | Allosaurus Williston p. 345 |
1905 | Creosaurus Williston p. 345 |
1908 | Epanterias Huene p. 348 |
1909 | Allosaurus Huene p. 15 |
1909 | Antrodemus Huene p. 15 |
1909 | Creosaurus Huene p. 15 |
1909 | Epanterias Huene p. 15 |
1909 | Labrosaurus Huene p. 15 |
1909 | Apatodon Huene p. 18 |
1911 | Allosaurus Lull p. 177 |
1911 | Creosaurus Lull p. 177 |
1911 | Allosaurus Lull p. 183 |
1911 | Creosaurus Lull p. 186 |
1911 | Labrosaurus von Zittel p. 280 |
1911 | Allosaurus von Zittel p. 282 |
1911 | Antrodemus von Zittel p. 282 |
1911 | Creosaurus von Zittel p. 282 |
1911 | Epanterias von Zittel p. 288 |
1911 | Apatodon von Zittel p. 295 |
1913 | Allosaurus Tornier p. 368 |
1916 | Antrodesmus Mook p. 141 |
1919 | Epanterias Osborn and Mook pp. 383, 385 |
1920 | Antrodemus Gilmore pp. 1-5 |
1920 | Labrosaurus Gilmore p. 124 |
1920 | Allosaurus Janensch p. 230 |
1922 | Allosaurus Joleaud p. 60 |
1922 | Allosaurus Matthew and Brown p. 368 |
1923 | Antrodemus Huene p. 450 fig. 3 |
1923 | Antrodemus Piveteau p. 6 |
1924 | Allosaurus Lull p. 229 |
1926 | Antrodemus Huene pp. 89-90 |
1928 | Antrodemus Nopcsa p. 183 |
1928 | Labrosaurus Nopcsa p. 184 |
1930 | Antrodemus Hay p. 173 |
1930 | Creosaurus Hay p. 174 |
1930 | Labrosaurus Hay p. 184 |
1930 | Epanterias Hay p. 192 |
1930 | Apatodon Hay p. 201 |
1934 | Labrosaurus Stromer p. 23 |
1934 | Allosaurus Stromer p. 80 |
1939 | Labrosaurus Kuhn p. 42 |
1939 | Antrodemus Kuhn p. 71 |
1939 | Creosaurus Kuhn p. 73 |
1941 | Saurophagus Ray |
1956 | Antrodemus Romer p. 615 |
1956 | Epanterias Romer p. 624 |
1958 | Labrosaurus Huene p. 205 |
1964 | Antrodemus Tatarinov p. 537 |
1964 | Epanterias Tatarinov p. 549 |
1964 | Antrodemus Walker p. 128 |
1966 | Allosaurus Romer p. 369 |
1966 | Epantherias Romer p. 370 |
1969 | Allosaurus Colbert and Russell p. 36 |
1970 | Antrodemus Steel p. 29 |
1970 | Epanterias Steel p. 44 |
1970 | Apatodon Steel p. 75 |
1970 | Antrodemus Swinton p. 151 |
1972 | Allosaurus Welles p. 3 |
1972 | Antrodemus Welles p. 3 |
1975 | Antrodemus Paton p. 17 |
1976 | Allosaurus Madsen pp. 48-50 |
1977 | Allosaurus Galton p. 230 |
1978 | Antrodemus Bonaparte p. 323 |
1978 | Antrodemus Dong et al. |
1979 | Allosaurus Madsen and Miller p. 5 |
1980 | Allosaurus Lisak p. 20 |
1981 | Allosaurus McIntosh p. 7 |
1981 | Allosaurus Molnar et al. pp. 141-142 |
1982 | Allosaurus Santafé et al. p. 83 |
1984 | Antrodemus Buscalioni and Sanz p. 12 |
1984 | Allosaurus Russell p. 22 |
1984 | Allosaurus Thulborn p. 133 |
1984 | Allosaurus Welles p. 177 |
1986 | Antrodemus Chabli pp. 70-71 |
1986 | Allosaurus Gauthier p. 9 |
1987 | Apatodon Casanovas et al. p. 98 |
1988 | Allosaurus Carroll |
1988 | Epanterias Carroll |
1988 | Allosaurus Paul p. 6 |
1989 | Allosaurus Kurzanov p. 4 |
1990 | Allosaurus Bonaparte et al. p. 35 |
1990 | Allosaurus Molnar et al. p. 189 |
1991 | Allosaurus Bonaparte p. 18 |
1991 | Allosaurus Miller et al. p. 40 |
1992 | Epanterias Bakker et al. p. 2 |
1992 | Allosaurus Molnar p. 265 |
1992 | Allosaurus Novas p. 145 |
1994 | Allosaurus Holtz |
1994 | Allosaurus Pérez-Moreno et al. p. 184 fig. 1 |
1994 | Allosaurus Russell and Dong p. 2125 |
1994 | Allosaurus Sereno et al. p. 270 |
1996 | Allosaurus Hutt et al. p. 642 |
1996 | Allosaurus Osmólska p. 30 |
1996 | Allosaurus Sereno et al. p. 989 fig. 4 |
1997 | Allosaurus Currie p. 733 |
1997 | Allosaurus Dodson p. 11 |
1997 | Allosaurus Hutchinson and Padian p. 96 |
1997 | Allosaurus Padian and Hutchinson p. 7 |
1997 | Allosaurus Sereno p. 456 |
1998 | Allosaurus Sereno p. 64 |
1998 | Allosaurus Smith p. 126 |
1999 | Allosaurus Knoll et al. p. 105 |
2000 | Allosaurus Currie and Carpenter p. 236 fig. 15 |
2000 | Allosaurus Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5 |
2002 | Allosaurus Carrano et al. |
2003 | Allosaurus Rauhut p. 147 |
2004 | Allosaurus Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 75 |
2005 | Allosaurus Yates p. 118 fig. 9 |
2006 | Allosaurus Chure et al. p. 236 |
2006 | Allosaurus Coria and Currie p. 108 fig. 35 |
2006 | Allosaurus Mateus et al. p. 127 |
2007 | Allosaurus Brusatte and Sereno p. 54A |
2007 | Allosaurus Malafaia et al. p. 258 |
2007 | Allosaurus Smith p. 104 |
2008 | Allosaurus Smith et al. p. 2089 |
2010 | Allosaurus Bell p. 1263 |
2010 | Allosaurus Mateus and Milàn p. 254 |
2012 | Allosaurus Carrano et al. pp. 223, 248 fig. 7 |
2013 | Allosaurus Canale et al. |
2014 | Allosaurus Cobos et al. p. 39 |
2014 | Allosaurus Dalman p. 161 |
2014 | Allosaurus Hendrickx and Mateus |
2020 | Allosaurus Chure and Loewen p. 8 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Allosaurus Marsh 1877
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†Allosaurus amplus Marsh 1879
†Allosaurus europaeus Mateus et al. 2006
†Allosaurus fragilis Marsh 1877
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Invalid names: Allosaurus ferox Marsh 1896 [synonym], Allosaurus lucaris Marsh 1878 [synonym], Apatodon mirus Marsh 1877 [synonym], Creosaurus atrox Marsh 1878 [synonym], Epanterias amplexus Cope 1878 [synonym], Labrosaurus ferox Marsh 1884 [synonym], Laelaps trihedrodon Cope 1877 [synonym], Poicilopleuron valens Leidy 1870 [synonym], Saurophagus maximus Ray 1941 [synonym]
†Allosaurus jimmadseni Chure et al. 2006
†Allosaurus lucasi Dalman 2014
Invalid names: Antrodemus Leidy 1873 [synonym], Apatodon Marsh 1877 [synonym], Creosaurus Marsh 1878 [synonym], Epanterias Cope 1878 [synonym], Labrosaurus Marsh 1879 [synonym], Saurophagus Ray 1941 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
---|---|---|
M. T. Carrano et al. 2012 | Allosauroid theropod with: (1) tall, mediolaterally compressed dorsal projection (‘horn’) on posterodorsal surface of lacrimal (Chure 2001a); (2) reduced external mandibular fenestra; (3) strongly downturned paraoccipital processes that terminate well ventral to basal tubera; (4) neomorphic antarticular bone in lower jaw (Madsen 1976a); and (5) distal expansion of ischium suboval in lateral view (modified from Madsen 1976a). |
Measurements
part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
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coracoid height | 1 | 170.0 | - | - | - | - | |
femur circumference | 7 | 323.1 | 255.0 | 375.0 | 338.0 | 39.3 | |
fibula circumference | 6 | 113.8 | 97.0 | 128.0 | 114.0 | 11.8 | |
tibia circumference | 5 | 278.0 | 258.0 | 313.0 | 277.0 | 21.2 |
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Source: g = genus, o = order | |||||
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875 |
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Early/Lower Turonian or 155.70000 to 89.30000 Ma
Collections (134 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Late/Upper Jurassic | USA (Wyoming) | A. sp. (62561) | |
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian | USA (New Mexico) | A. sp. (84308) | |
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | USA (Wyoming) | A. jimmadsoni (126540) | |
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | A. sp. (227703) | |
Kimmeridgian | USA (Wyoming) | Allosauridae indet. (38884) A. fragilis (46468) A. jimmadseni (46469) A. sp. (46460 46462 46465 57903 58510 176983 176985) | |
Kimmeridgian | USA (New Mexico) | A. sp. (38871) | |
Kimmeridgian | Portugal (Leiria) | A. sp. (24563) | |
Kimmeridgian | USA (Colorado) | A. sp. (48171 56590 154924) | |
Kimmeridgian | USA (Utah) | A. sp. (193250 231534 231583) | |
Kimmeridgian | USA (Montana) | A. sp. (49624) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (South Dakota) | A. sp. (49631) Theropoda indet. (57905) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Montana) | A. sp. (215054 231532) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Utah) | A. fragilis (58516) A. sp. (49614 49626 58551 220417) Antrodemus sp. (47196 192428) Megalosaurus sp. (49595) Theropoda indet. (58514) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | A. fragilis (70026 184627) A. sp. (11611 13341 25141 39377 49622 56586 56684 70027 177496 192455 231533 231594 231615) Epanterias amplexus (70029) Laelaps trihedrodon (48127 48128) Poicilopleuron valens (52872) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (New Mexico) | A. sp. (36265 57910 119021 188395) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | A. ferox (39371) A. fragilis (48837 58509) A. fragilis, Creosaurus atrox, Antrodemus valens (13214) A. lucaris (39340) A. sp. (39253 49627 49628 55330 55487 57894 58507 73998 74000 192707 207747 207749 224376 227262 227263 230769 230770 230774 231545 231568 231569) A. sp., A. jimmadseni (49636) Antrodemus sp. (12816) Antrodemus sp., A. fragilis (39370) Antrodemus sp., Camptonotus amplus (39337) Antrodemus valens (39338 39342 39373 39374) Creosaurus atrox (13212) Creosaurus atrox, A. sp. (22648) | |
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | A. sp. (182492) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | USA (Wyoming) | A. sp. (22650) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Lower Saxony) | A. sp. (213292) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | A. fragilis (49577) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | Portugal (Centro) | A. europaeus (138442) A. fragilis (38680) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | A. fragilis (45975) A. fragilis, Labrosaurus ferox (28366) A. sp. (28382 39375 48160 48172) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | A. sp. (38883 70031 231620) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | A. sp. (22678) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (New Mexico) | A. fragilis (68099) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Oklahoma) | A. sp. (49596) Saurophagus maximus (49338) | |
Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | A. sp. (39347 55482) | |
Tithonian | USA (South Dakota) | A. sp. (49630) | |
Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | A. fragilis (48162) A. sp. (154925 164830 231619) Epanterias amplexus (48129) Theropoda indet. (48124) | |
Tithonian | USA (Utah) | A. sp. (22711 57913) Antrodemus sp. (46439) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Utah) | A. sp. (21852 231581) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | A. sp. (56654) | |
Early/Lower Berriasian | France (Rhone-Alpes) | A. sp. (166079) | |
Berriasian | France (Rhone-Alpes) | A. sp. (166080) | |
Late/Upper Berriasian - Aptian | United Kingdom (England) | Antrodemus sp. (222390) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian | Japan (Kumamoto) | A. sp. (182216 182217) |