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Spinosauridae
Taxonomy
Spinosauridae was named by Stromer (1915).
It was assigned to Goniopoda by Matthew and Brown (1922); to Megalosauria by Nopcsa (1923); to Carnosauria by Huene (1927); to Carnosauria by Kuhn (1946); to Deinodontoidea by Tatarinov (1964); to Tyrannosauroidea by Walker (1964), Kuhn (1966) and Charig (1967); to Theropoda by Stromer (1915), Stromer (1934), Barsbold (1983) and Carroll (1988); to Ceratosauria by Paul (1988); to Carnosauria by Huene (1926), Stromer (1934), Roxo (1937), Huene (1948), Romer (1966), Colbert and Russell (1969), Steel (1970), Bonaparte (1978), Bonaparte (1980) and Kurzanov (1989); to Theropoda by Molnar (1992); to Torvosauroidea by Sereno et al. (1994); to Spinosauroidea by Sereno et al. (1996), Milner (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno et al. (1998), Sereno (1999), Sues et al. (2002), Holtz et al. (2004), Yates (2005), Dal Sasso et al. (2005), Medeiros (2006), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007) and Sadleir et al. (2008); to Tetanurae by Holtz (1996), Sereno (1997), Holtz (2000), Bittencourt and Langer (2011) and Allain et al. (2012); to Megalosauria by Carrano et al. (2012); to Theropoda by Lull (1924) and Tong et al. (2019); and to Megalosauroidea by Maleev (1968), Hanson and Makovicky (2013), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014), Rauhut et al. (2016) and Sharma et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Goniopoda by Matthew and Brown (1922); to Megalosauria by Nopcsa (1923); to Carnosauria by Huene (1927); to Carnosauria by Kuhn (1946); to Deinodontoidea by Tatarinov (1964); to Tyrannosauroidea by Walker (1964), Kuhn (1966) and Charig (1967); to Theropoda by Stromer (1915), Stromer (1934), Barsbold (1983) and Carroll (1988); to Ceratosauria by Paul (1988); to Carnosauria by Huene (1926), Stromer (1934), Roxo (1937), Huene (1948), Romer (1966), Colbert and Russell (1969), Steel (1970), Bonaparte (1978), Bonaparte (1980) and Kurzanov (1989); to Theropoda by Molnar (1992); to Torvosauroidea by Sereno et al. (1994); to Spinosauroidea by Sereno et al. (1996), Milner (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno et al. (1998), Sereno (1999), Sues et al. (2002), Holtz et al. (2004), Yates (2005), Dal Sasso et al. (2005), Medeiros (2006), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007) and Sadleir et al. (2008); to Tetanurae by Holtz (1996), Sereno (1997), Holtz (2000), Bittencourt and Langer (2011) and Allain et al. (2012); to Megalosauria by Carrano et al. (2012); to Theropoda by Lull (1924) and Tong et al. (2019); and to Megalosauroidea by Maleev (1968), Hanson and Makovicky (2013), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014), Rauhut et al. (2016) and Sharma et al. (2023).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1915 | Spinosauridae Stromer p. 28 |
1922 | Spinosauridae Matthew and Brown p. 381 |
1923 | Spinosauridae Nopcsa p. 126 |
1924 | Spinosauridae Lull p. 231 |
1926 | Spinosauridae Huene p. 89 |
1927 | Spinosauridae Huene p. 266 |
1934 | Spinosauridae Stromer p. 23 |
1937 | Spinosauridae Roxo p. 65 |
1946 | Spinosauridae Kuhn p. 65 |
1948 | Spinosauridae Huene p. 90 |
1964 | Spinosauridae Tatarinov p. 538 |
1964 | Spinosauridae Walker p. 128 |
1966 | Spinosauridae Kuhn p. 96 |
1966 | Spinosauridae Romer p. 369 |
1967 | Spinosauridae Charig p. 714 |
1968 | Spinosauridae Maleev p. 95 |
1969 | Spinosauridae Colbert and Russell p. 45 |
1970 | Spinosauridae Steel p. 38 |
1975 | Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis Hou et al. pp. 13-14 fig. 3 |
1978 | Spinosauridae Bonaparte p. 323 |
1980 | Spinosauridae Bonaparte p. 82 |
1983 | Spinosauridae Barsbold p. 60 |
1986 | Siamosaurus Buffetaut and Ingavat p. 217 fig. 1 |
1986 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut and Ingavat p. 217 |
1988 | Spinosauridae Carroll |
1988 | Spinosauridae Paul p. 271 |
1989 | Spinosauridae Kurzanov p. 3 |
1992 | Spinosauridae Molnar p. 266 |
1993 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 55 |
1994 | Spinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 268 fig. 3 |
1995 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 159 |
1995 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Nessov p. 44 |
1996 | Spinosauridae Holtz, Jr. p. 42A |
1996 | Irritatoridae Martill et al. |
1996 | Spinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 989 fig. 4 |
1997 | Siamosaurus suteehorni Buffetaut p. 690 |
1997 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 183 |
1997 | Spinosauridae Milner p. 699 |
1997 | Spinosauridae Sereno p. 456 |
1998 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut p. 92 |
1998 | Spinosauridae Sereno p. 64 |
1998 | Spinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 1302 |
1999 | Siamosaurus Buffetaut and Suteethorn |
1999 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut and Suteethorn p. 17 |
1999 | Spinosauridae Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2 |
2000 | Spinosauridae Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5 |
2002 | Spinosauridae Sues et al. p. 537 |
2003 | Siamosaurus Hasegawa et al. p. 2 |
2003 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Hasegawa et al. p. 2 |
2004 | Spinosauridae Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 72 |
2005 | Spinosauridae Dal Sasso et al. p. 888 |
2005 | Spinosauridae Yates p. 118 fig. 9 |
2006 | Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 26 |
2006 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 26 |
2006 | Spinosauridae Medeiros p. 335 |
2007 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut |
2007 | Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 342 |
2007 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 342 |
2007 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Lauprasert et al. p. 202 |
2007 | Spinosauridae Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 189 |
2008 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 745 |
2008 | Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 747 |
2008 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Canudo et al. p. 660 |
2008 | Spinosauridae Sadleir et al. p. 70 |
2009 | Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 230 |
2010 | Siamosaurus Buffetaut p. 185 |
2010 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut p. 185 |
2011 | Spinosauridae Bittencourt and Langer p. 35 |
2011 | Siamosaurus Mateus et al. p. 54 |
2011 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Mateus et al. p. 54 |
2011 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Wongko et al. p. 62 |
2012 | Spinosauridae Allain et al. p. 370 |
2012 | Spinosauridae Carrano et al. p. 248 fig. 7 |
2013 | Spinosauridae Hanson and Makovicky p. 781 |
2014 | Spinosauridae Hendrickx and Mateus |
2014 | Siamosaurus Mo et al. p. 6 |
2014 | Siamosaurus Mo et al. p. 1057 |
2014 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Mo et al. p. 1057 |
2016 | Spinosauridae Rauhut et al. p. 38 |
2019 | Siamosaurus Arden et al. p. 279–280 |
2019 | Siamosaurus Samathi et al. p. 241 |
2019 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Samathi et al. p. 241 |
2019 | Spinosauridae Tong et al. |
2019 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Wongko et al. p. 8 |
2022 | Siamosaurus suteethorni Ji et al. p. 1513 |
2023 | Spinosauridae Sharma et al. p. 656 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Spinosauridae Stromer 1915
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Subfm. †Baryonychinae Charig and Milner 1986
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Unr. †Ceratosuchopsini Barker et al. 2021
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Invalid names: Cristatusaurus Taquet and Russell 1998 [nomen dubium], Suchosaurus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium]
G. †Iberospinus Mateus and Estraviz-López 2022
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†Iberospinus natarioi Mateus and Estraviz-López 2022
Subfm. †Spinosaurinae Sereno et al. 1998
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G. †Camarillasaurus Sánchez-Hernández and Benton 2014
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†Camarillasaurus cirugedae Sánchez-Hernández and Benton 2014
G. †Sigilmassasaurus Russell 1996
G. †Spinosaurus Stromer 1915
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†Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer 1915
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Invalid names: Oxalaia quilombensis Kellner et al. 2011 [synonym], Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis Russell 1996 [synonym], Spinosaurus marrocanus Russell 1996 [synonym]
Invalid names: Oxalaia Kellner et al. 2011 [synonym]
Invalid names: Spinosaurini Arden et al. 2019 [empty]
Invalid names: Irritatoridae Martill et al. 1996 [synonym], Siamosaurus Buffetaut and Ingavat 1986 [nomen dubium], Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis Hou et al. 1975 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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R. S. Lull 1924 | Teeth straight, conical, pointed; posterior neural spines strikingly high, reminding one of those of Dimetrodon | |
F. v. Huene 1948 | 12 m long. Dorsal vertebrae with elongated neural spines. Lower Cenomanian of Egypt. |