PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Dicynodon

Anomodontia

Taxonomy

Dicynodon was named by Owen (1845).

It was assigned to Saurii by Meyer (1845); to Dicynodontia by Owen (1859); to Dicynodontia by Owen (1860); to Anomodontia by Broom (1912); to Anomodontia by Broom (1913), Haughton (1932) and Broom (1948); to Dicynodontia by Rybczynski (2000); to Dicynodontinae by King (1988), Battail and Surkov (2000) and Ivakhnenko (2008); to Dicynodontidae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Boonstra (1969), Carroll (1988), Ivakhnenko (2003) and Li and Sun (2008); and to Dicynodontoidea by Kammerer et al. (2011).

Species

D. angielczyki, D. cordylus, D. hartzenbergi, D. lacerticeps (syn. D. dutoiti, D. aetorhamphus, D. kitchingi, D. cadlei, D. taylori, D. trigonocephalus, Daptocephalus pardiceps), D. laerticeps, D. pachyrhynchus, Kingoria grahami

Species lacking formal opinion data

D. huenei

Synonyms

Keirognathus cordylus was named by Seeley (1888). Its type specimen is NHMUK 49413, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Klipfontein (Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone), which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was recombined as Dicynodon cordylus by Lydekker (1889); it was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon grahami was named by Broom (1940). Its type specimen is RC 40, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Saint Olives, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was recombined as Kingoria grahami by Cluver and Hotton (1981) and King (1988); it was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodontoides parringtoni by Brink (1986); it was considered a nomen dubium by Angielczyk et al. (2009) and Kammerer et al. (2011).
Eurycarpus was named by Seeley (1889).

It was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodon by Kammerer et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Anomodontia by Seeley (1889).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1845	Dicynodon Meyer p. 283
1845	Dicynodon Owen
1859	Dicynodon Owen p. 143
1860	Dicynodon Owen p. 236
1888	Keirognathus cordylus Seeley
1889	Dicynodon cordylus Lydekker
1889	Eurycarpus Seeley
1902	Dicynodon Hay p. 430
1912	Dicynodon Broom
1913	Dicynodon Broom
1930	Dicynodon Hay p. 63
1932	Dicynodon Haughton p. 639
1940	Dicynodon grahami Broom
1948	Dicynodon Broom
1969	Dicynodon Boonstra
1981	Kingoria grahami Cluver and Hotton
1988	Dicynodon Carroll
1988	Dicynodon King
1988	Kingoria grahami King
2000	Dicynodon Battail and Surkov
2000	Dicynodon Rybczynski p. 256
2003	Dicynodon Ivakhnenko
2008	Dicynodon Ivakhnenko
2008	Dicynodon Li and Sun p. 384
2011	Dicynodon Kammerer et al.

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
order	Anomodontia	Owen 1859
order	Dicynodontia	()
—	Dicynodontoidea	Cluver and King 1983
genus	Dicynodon	Owen 1845

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Dicynodon Owen 1845

show all | hide all

†Dicynodon angielczyki Kammerer 2019

†Dicynodon hartzenbergi Broom 1940

†Dicynodon lacerticeps Owen 1845

hide

Invalid names: Daptocephalus pardiceps Owen 1876 [synonym], Dicynodon aetorhamphus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon dutoiti Broom and Schepers 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon kitchingi Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon taylori Broom 1932 [synonym], Dicynodon trigonocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym]

†Dicynodon pachyrhynchus Jaekel 1911

Invalid names: Dicynodon cordylus Seeley 1888 [nomen dubium], Eurycarpus Seeley 1889 [synonym], Kingoria grahami Broom 1940 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Diet:

herbivoreo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:33:45

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:33:45

Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Benton 1983, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Ladinian or 259.90000 to 237.00000 Ma

Collections (30 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Permian	298.9 - 251.902	South Africa	D. sp. (189534)
Permian	298.9 - 251.902	Zambia	D. angielczyki (227294)
Permian	298.9 - 251.902	Mozambique	D. angielczyki (227295)
Tatarian	266.9 - 257.4	Russian Federation (Orenburg)	D. sp. (196113 196152)
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	South Africa (Northern Cape)	D. sp. (85515)
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	South Africa (Western Cape)	D. sp. (176250 198710 198723)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa	D. sp. (189781)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Tanzania (Ruvuma)	D. huenei (178128) D. sp. (38064 135698 190334)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa (Western Cape)	D. grimbooki (176357) D. sp. (171377)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	D. aetorhamphus (174622) D. hartzenbergi (176310) D. taylori (178127) Keirognathus cordylus, D. trigonocephalus (176331)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa (Northern Cape)	D. sp. (190565 190568)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	D. dutoiti (176667) D. grahami (176917) D. kitchingi (175553 176336) D. pardiceps (174747)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	South Africa (Western Cape)	D. cadlei (174623) D. lacerticeps (177020)
Ladinian	242.0 - 237.0	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)	Dicynodon indet. (99374)