Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Esthonychidae

Mammalia - Esthonychidae

Taxonomy
Esthonychidae was named by Cope (1883). It is not extant. Its type is Esthonyx. It was considered monophyletic by Miyata (2007).

It was assigned to Creodonta by Cope (1889); to Tillodontia by Gadow (1898); and to Tillodontia by Hay (1902), Chow et al. (1977), Carroll (1988), Miyata (2007), Rose et al. (2012) and Rose et al. (2013).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1872Anchippodontidae Gill
1875Tillotheriidae Marsh
1883Esthonychidae Cope
1889Esthonychidae Cope p. 876
1889Tillotheriidae Cope p. 876
1898Esthonychidae Gadow p. 42
1898Tillotheriidae Gadow p. 42
1902Esthonychidae Hay p. 715
1902Anchippodontidae Hay p. 716
1977Esthonychidae Chow et al.
1988Esthonychidae Carroll
1997Tillotheriidae McKenna and Bell p. 214
2007Esthonychidae Miyata p. 662
2012Esthonychidae Rose et al.
2013Esthonychidae Rose et al. p. 843

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
RankNameAuthor
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Cimolesta()
suborderTillodontia()
familyEsthonychidaeCope 1883
familyEsthonychidaeCope 1883

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Esthonychidae Cope 1883
show all | hide all
G. †Adapidium Young 1937
hide
Adapidium huanghoense Young 1937
Subfm. †Esthonychinae Zittel and Schlosser 1911
hide
G. †Anthraconyx Rose et al. 2013
+
Anthraconyx hypsomylus Rose et al. 2013
G. †Esthonyx Cope 1874
+
Esthonyx acutidens Cope 1881
Esthonyx bisulcatus Cope 1874
+
Invalid names: Esthonyx acer Cope 1874 [synonym], Esthonyx burmeisterii Cope 1874 [synonym]
Esthonyx gunnelli Gingerich 1989
Esthonyx munieri Lemoine 1891
+
Invalid names: Franchaius russellonyx Baudry 1992 [synonym], Plesiesthonyx chardini Baudry 1992 [synonym], Plesiesthonyx elongatus Baudry 1992 [synonym]
Esthonyx spatularius Cope 1880
G. †Indoesthonyx Smith et al. 2016
+
Indoesthonyx suratensis Smith et al. 2016
G. †Paresthonyx Tong and Wang 2006
+
Paresthonyx orientalis Tong and Wang 2006
G. †Megalesthonyx Rose 1971
hide
Megalesthonyx hopsoni Rose 1971
G. †Plesiesthonyx Lemoine 1891
hide
Plesiesthonyx luciae Baudry 1992
Plesiesthonyx minimus Baudry 1992
Invalid names: Franchaius Baudry 1992 [synonym]
Subfm. †Trogosinae Gazin 1953
hide
G. †Higotherium Miyata and Tomida 1998
+
Higotherium hypsodon Miyata and Tomida 1998
G. †Tillodon Gazin 1953
+
Tillodon fodiens Marsh 1875
G. †Trogosus Leidy 1871
+
Trogosus castoridens Leidy 1871
Trogosus gazini Miyata 2007
Trogosus grangeri Gazin 1953
Trogosus hillsii Gazin 1953
Trogosus hyracoides Marsh 1873
Trogosus latidens Marsh 1874
Trogosus shantunensis Chow 1963
+
Invalid names: Kuanchuanius danjiangensis Cheng and Ma 1990 [synonym]
Invalid names: Tillotherium Marsh 1873 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anchippodus Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Anchippodontidae Gill 1872 [synonym], Tillotheriidae Marsh 1875 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 13:30:51
Modified: 2005-08-31 15:30:51
Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Lucas and Schoch 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Ypresian to the top of the Bridgerian or 56.00000 to 46.20000 Ma

Collections (349 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tiffanian - Clarkforkian61.7 - 55.8USA (Wyoming) Esthonyx sp. (15035)
Clarkforkian56.8 - 55.8USA (Colorado) Esthonyx sp. (15259)
Clarkforkian56.8 - 55.8USA (Wyoming) Esthonyx sp. (15093)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) Franchaius luciae (35537) Franchaius minimus (35533 35535) Plesiesthonyx munieri (35539)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aude) Plesiesthonyx sp. (182641)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Oise) Esthonyx sp. (68174)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Gujarat) Esthonyx sp., Anthraconyx hypsomylus, Indoesthonyx suratensis (55494) Indoesthonyx suratensis (180565 180566)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Champagne-Ardenne) Plesiesthonyx munieri (28546)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Plesiesthonyx minimus (38868)
Graybullian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Esthonyx bisulcatus (15701) Esthonyx sp. (15875 15876)
Lostcabinian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Esthonyx acutidens (15901 15915 15930 15997 16068 16078)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Azygonyx gunnelli (15834) Esthonyx acutidens (15486 15642 15662 15710 15904 15906 15908 15910 15911 15942 16067) Esthonyx acutidens, Esthonyx bisulcatus (15557 15558 15563) Esthonyx acutidens, Esthonyx bisulcatus, Megalesthonyx hopsoni (15566) Esthonyx bisulcatus (15491 15517 15518 15520 15521 15522 15523 15524 15531 15532 15533 15534 15536 15538 15540 15541 15543 15544 15546 15547 15548 15549 15551 15552 15553 15554 15555 15556 15560 15564 15573 15575 15592 15593 15683 15687 15692 15694 15695 15696 15697 15699 15702 15703 15704 15705 15706 15707 15717 15846 15889 15891 15932 15963 15964 16020 16055 46641 46656 46666 46673 46675 46682 46687 46692 46693 46694 46699 46701 46702 46704 46705 46707 46711 46712 46713 46715 46718 46719 46721 46729 46730 46733 46734 46735 46736 46738 46739 46740 46745 46746 46749 46754 46757 46758 46759 46760 46761 46763 46765 46767 46769 46778 46789 46792 46794 46795 46796 46797 46798 46805 46810 46811 46814 46816 46818 46819 46820 46825 46826 46830 46831 46834 46836 46837 46838 46841 46844 46845 46846 46847 46849 46850 46851 46852 186934 186944 186946) Esthonyx bisulcatus, Megalesthonyx hopsoni (15565 15567 46748) Esthonyx sp. (15454 15479 15529 15559 15576 15577 15578 15661 15673 15841 15933 15934 16075 118482) Esthonyx sp., Esthonyx bisulcatus (15542) Esthonyx spatularius (15493 15495 15504 15505 15507 15509 15510 15511 15512 15513 15514 15515 15516 15586 15587 15588 15589 15590 15594 15682 15729 15756 15793 15943 46636 46637 46639 46647 46659 46668 46670 46680 46685 46690 46691 46725 46768 46774 46780 46783 46786 46788 46790 46803 46804 46807 46808 46809 46813 46821 46822 46823) Esthonyx spatularius, Azygonyx sp., Azygonyx gunnelli (15759) Megalesthonyx hopsoni (15568) Megalesthonyx sp. (15569) Stylinodontinae indet. (15839)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3Mexico (Baja California) Esthonyx sp. (15671)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (New Mexico) Ectoganus bisulcatus (15452) Esthonyx acer (15430) Esthonyx bisulcatus (15610 15613 15663) Esthonyx sp. (15439 15448)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Esthonyx sp. (15595)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Colorado) Esthonyx acutidens (15339 15409 15422 15652) Esthonyx bisulcatus (15267 15272 15290 15310 15350 15375 15379 15383 15384 15388 15392) Esthonyx sp. (15266 15316 15324 15338 15364 15836 15857 15871) Esthonyx sp., Esthonyx bisulcatus (15225 15264 15349) Esthonyx spatularius (15450 15480 15485 15660 15725 15845) Megalesthonyx sp., Esthonyx acutidens (15650)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Wyoming) Azygonyx gunnelli (154253) Esthonyx bisulcatus (15680 15684 15690 15693) Esthonyx sp. (154258) Esthonyx spatularius (15679 154260)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6China (Shandong) Paresthonyx orientalis (77929)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Canada (British Columbia) Trogosus sp., Trogosus latidens (186954)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Japan Trogosus latidens (179616)
MP 8 + 955.8 - 48.6France (Picardie) Plesiesthonyx munieri (84997)
MP 8 + 955.8 - 48.6France Plesiesthonyx munieri (182640)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Utah) Trogosus sp. (16396)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Esthonyx sp., Trogosus sp. (15837) Tillodon fodiens (16284) Tillodon fodiens, Trogosus hyracoides (16201) Tillotherium sp. (16213) Trogosus castoridens (16228) Trogosus gazini (75120) Trogosus hyracoides (16137 16138 16205 16226 16413) Trogosus latidens (16198 16289 16355 16358 16359 16360 16496) Trogosus sp. (16223 16291 16302 16376 16438 16452 16479 16480 16485 16488) Trogosus sp., Esthonyx acutidens (16207) Trogosus sp., Megalesthonyx hopsoni (16415)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Colorado) Esthonyx acutidens, Trogosus grangeri (16240) Trogosus grangeri (16239 16241 16242 16398)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (California) Trogosus sp. (16422)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2USA (New Jersey) Anchippodus riparius (88090)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2Japan Trogosus sp. (179617)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Hubei) Kuanchuanius danjiangensis (175807)
Sharamurunian48.6 - 37.2China (Shanxi) Adapidium huanghoense (42197)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (New Jersey) Anchippodus riparius (16411)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Japan Higotherium hypsodon (37601)