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Adapiformes

Mammalia - Primates

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1977Adapiformes Hoffstetter
1988Adapiformes Carroll
2001Adapiformes Gunnell and Miller p. 189
2002Adapiformes Gebo
2004Adapiformes Kay et al. p. 100
2005Adapiformes Bajpai et al. p. 43
2006Adapiformes Marivaux et al. p. 426
2008Adapiformes Chaimanee et al.
2011Adapiformes Kirk and Williams p. 157

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
—Euarchonta
orderPrimates
suborderStrepsirrhiniGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
infraorderAdapiformesHoffstetter 1977
infraorderAdapiformesHoffstetter 1977

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infraor. †Adapiformes Hoffstetter 1977
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Fm. †Adapidae Trouessart 1879
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Subtr. †Adapina Trouessart 1879
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G. †Cryptadapis Godinot 1984
Subfm. †Adapinae Trouessart 1879
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G. †Adapis Cuvier 1822
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†Adapis collinsonae Hooker 1986
†Adapis parisiensis Blainville 1841
†Adapis stintoni Gingerich 1977
†Adapis sudrei Gingerich 1977
G. †Adapoides Beard et al. 1994
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†Adapoides troglodytes Beard et al. 1994
G. †Leptadapis Gervais 1876
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Subg. †Leptadapis (Paradapis) Tattersall and Schwartz 1983
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†Leptadapis capellae Crusafont-Pairo 1967
†Leptadapis filholi Godinot and Couette 2008
†Leptadapis leenhardti Stehlin 1912
†Leptadapis magnus Filhol 1874
†Leptadapis ruetimeyeri Filhol 1874
G. †Magnadapis Godinot and Couette 2008
+
†Magnadapis fredi Godinot and Couette 2008
†Magnadapis intermedius Godinot and Couette 2008
†Magnadapis laurenceae Godinot and Couette 2008
†Magnadapis quercyi Godinot and Couette 2008
G. †Microadapis Szalay 1974
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†Microadapis sciureus Stehlin 1916
G. †Protoadapis Lemoine 1878
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†Protoadapis angustidens Filhol 1888
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Invalid names: Pronycticebus mancyi Tattersall and Schwartz 1983 [synonym]
†Protoadapis filholi Gingerich 1977
Invalid names: Protoadapis crassicuspidens Lemoine 1878 [nomen nudum]
G. †Pelycodus Cope 1875
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†Pelycodus danielsae Froehlich and Lucas 1991
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Invalid names: Pelycodus schidelerorum Kihm 1992 [synonym]
†Pelycodus eppsi Cooper 1932
†Pelycodus jarrovii Cope 1874
†Pelycodus savagei Gingerich 1977
G. †Sivaladapis Gingerich and Sahni 1979
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†Sivaladapis nagrii Prasad 1970
†Sivaladapis palaeindicus Pilgrim 1932
Invalid names: Arisella Crusafont Pairó 1967 [nomen dubium], Arisella capellae Crusafont Pairó 1967 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Adapoidea Trouessart 1879
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Fm. †Notharctidae Trouessart 1879
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Subfm. †Asiadapinae Rose et al. 2009
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G. †Asiadapis Rose et al. 2007
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†Asiadapis cambayensis Rose et al. 2007
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Invalid names: Suratius robustus Bajpai et al. 2007 [synonym]
†Asiadapis tapiensis Rose et al. 2018
Invalid names: Suratius Bajpai et al. 2007 [synonym]
G. †Marcgodinotius Bajpai et al. 2005
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†Marcgodinotius indicus Bajpai et al. 2005
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Invalid names: Anthrasimias gujaratensis Bajpai et al. 2008 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anthrasimias Bajpai et al. 2008 [synonym]
G. †Cantius Simons 1962
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†Cantius abditus Gingerich and Simons 1977
†Cantius actius Gunnell 1995
†Cantius angulatus Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Smilodectes gingerichi Beard 1988 [synonym]
†Cantius eppsi Cooper 1932
†Cantius frugivorus Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Copelemur feretutus Gingerich and Simons 1977 [synonym]
†Cantius mckennai Gingerich and Simons 1977
†Cantius nunienus Cope 1881
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Invalid names: Copelemur consortutus Gingerich and Simons 1977 [synonym], Notharctus limosus Gazin 1952 [synonym]
†Cantius ralstoni Matthew 1915
†Cantius savagei Gingerich 1977
†Cantius simonsi Gunnell 2002
†Cantius torresi Gingerich 1986
†Cantius trigonodus Matthew 1915
Invalid names: Hesperolemur Gunnell 1995 [synonym]
Subfm. †Cercamoniinae Gingerich 1975
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G. †Agerinia Crusafont-Pairó and Golpe-Posse 1973
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†Agerinia marandati Femenias-Gual et al. 2017
†Agerinia roselli Crusafont-Pairó 1967
†Agerinia smithorum Femenias-Gual et al. 2016
Invalid names: Agerina Crusafont Pairó 1967 [replaced]
Tr. †Anchomomyini Szalay and Delson 1979
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G. †Anchomomys Stehlin 1916
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Invalid names: Laurasia Schwartz and Tattersall 1983 [synonym]
G. †Mazateronodon Marigó et al. 2010
Invalid names: Shizarodon Gheerbrant et al. 1993 [nomen dubium], Shizarodon dhofarensis Gheerbrant et al. 1993 [nomen dubium]
G. †Barnesia Thalmann 1994
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†Barnesia hauboldi Gebo 2002
G. †Buxella Godinot 1988
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†Buxella magna Godinot 1988
†Buxella prisca Godinot 1988
G. †Cercamonius Gingerich 1975
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G. †Europolemur Weigelt 1933
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†Europolemur kelleri Franzen 2000
†Europolemur klatti Weigelt 1933
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Invalid names: Alsatia dunaifi Tattersall and Schwartz 1983 [synonym]
†Europolemur koenigswaldi Franzen 1987
†Europolemur midiensis Godinot et al. 2018
Invalid names: Alsatia Tattersall and Schwartz 1983 [synonym]
G. †Nievesia Marigó et al. 2013
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†Nievesia sossisensis Marigó et al. 2013
G. †Panobius Russell and Gingerich 1987
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†Panobius afridi Russell and Gingerich 1987
†Panobius amplior Gunnell et al. 2008
†Panobius russelli Gunnell et al. 2008
G. †Periconodon Stehlin 1916
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†Periconodon helleri Schwartz et al. 1983
†Periconodon helveticus Rütimeyer 1891
†Periconodon huerzeleri Gingerich 1977
†Periconodon jaegeri Godinot 1988
†Periconodon lemoinei Gingerich 1977
Invalid names: Hallelemur Schwartz et al. 1983 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anchomomynini Szalay and Delson 1979 [empty]
Subfm. †Notharctinae Trouessart 1879
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G. †Copelemur Gingerich and Simons 1977
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†Copelemur praetutus Gazin 1962
†Copelemur tutus Cope 1877
G. †Notharctus Leidy 1870
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†Notharctus robinsoni Gingerich 1979
†Notharctus robustior Leidy 1872
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Invalid names: Telmatolestes crassus Marsh 1872 [synonym]
†Notharctus tenebrosus Leidy 1870
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Invalid names: Hipposyus formosus Leidy 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium affine Marsh 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium tyrannus Marsh 1871 [synonym], Notharctus formosus Gregory 1916 [synonym], Notharctus osborni Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym], Notharctus pugnax Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym], Thinolestes anceps Marsh 1872 [synonym], Tomitherium rostratum Cope 1872 [synonym]
†Notharctus venticolus Osborn 1902
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Invalid names: Cantius antediluvius Kihm 1992 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hipposyus Leidy 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium Marsh 1871 [synonym], Pelycodus relictus Gregory 1917 [nomen nudum], Telmalestes Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinolestes Marsh 1872 [synonym], Tomitherium Cope 1872 [synonym]
Subfm. †Pondaunginae Ciochon and Holroyd 1994
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Invalid names: Siamopithecini Gunnell et al. 2002 [empty]
G. †Rouzilemur Godinot et al. 2018
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†Rouzilemur pulcher Godinot et al. 2018
G. †Smilodectes Wortman 1903
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†Smilodectes gracilis Marsh 1871
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Invalid names: Aphanolemur gibbosus Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym], Notharctus matthewi Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym]
†Smilodectes mcgrewi Gingerich 1979
†Smilodectes sororis Gunnell 2002
Invalid names: Aphanolemur Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym]
Subfm. †Caenopithecinae Szalay and Delson 1979
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G. †Afradapis Seiffert et al. 2009
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†Afradapis longicristatus Seiffert et al. 2009
G. †Aframonius Simons et al. 1995
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†Aframonius dieides Simons et al. 1995
G. †Caenopithecus Rütimeyer 1862
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†Caenopithecus lemuroides Rütimeyer 1862
G. †Darwinius Franzen et al. 2009
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†Darwinius masillae Franzen et al. 2009
G. †Masradapis Seiffert et al. 2017
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†Masradapis tahai Seiffert et al. 2017
G. †Namadapis Godinot et al. 2018
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†Namadapis interdictus Godinot et al. 2018
Fm. †Ekgmowechashalidae Szalay 1976
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Subfm. †Bugtilemurinae Rust et al. 2023
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G. †Bugtilemur Marivaux et al. 2001
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†Bugtilemur mathesoni Marivaux et al. 2001
G. †Muangthanhinius Marivaux et al. 2006
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†Muangthanhinius siami Marivaux et al. 2006
G. †Ekgmowechashala Macdonald 1963
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†Ekgmowechashala philotau Macdonald 1963
†Ekgmowechashala zancanellai Samuels et al. 2015
G. †Gatanthropus Ni et al. 2016
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†Gatanthropus micros Ni et al. 2016
G. †Palaeohodites Rust et al. 2023
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†Palaeohodites naduensis Rust et al. 2023
G. †Lushius Chow 1961
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†Lushius qinlinensis Chow 1961
G. †Mahgarita Wilson and Szalay 1976
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†Mahgarita stevensi Wilson and Szalay 1976
Invalid names: Margarita Wilson and Szalay 1976 [replaced]
G. †Mescalerolemur Kirk and Williams 2011
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†Mescalerolemur horneri Kirk and Williams 2011
G. †Omanodon Gheerbrant et al. 1993
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†Omanodon minor Gheerbrant et al. 1993
Subfm. †Pronycticebinae Godinot 1998
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G. †Pronycticebus Grandidier 1904
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†Pronycticebus gaudryi Grandidier 1904
†Pronycticebus neglectus Thalmann et al. 1989
Fm. †Sivaladapidae Thomas and Verma 1979
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Subfm. †Anthradapinae Chavasseau et al. 2019
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G. †Anthradapis Chavasseau et al. 2019
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†Anthradapis vietnamensis Chavasseau et al. 2019
Subfm. †Hoanghoniinae Gingerich et al. 1994
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G. †Hoanghonius Zdansky 1930
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†Hoanghonius stehlini Zdansky 1930
G. †Rencunius Gingerich et al. 1994
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†Rencunius wui Tong 1997
†Rencunius zhoui Gingerich et al. 1994
G. †Wailekia Ducrocq et al. 1995
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†Wailekia orientale Ducrocq et al. 1995
G. †Kyitchaungia Beard et al. 2007
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†Kyitchaungia takaii Beard et al. 2007
G. †Laomaki Ni et al. 2016
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†Laomaki yunnanensis Ni et al. 2016
G. †Paukkaungia Beard et al. 2007
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†Paukkaungia parva Beard et al. 2007
G. †Siamoadapis Chaimanee et al. 2008
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†Siamoadapis maemohensis Chaimanee et al. 2008
Subfm. †Sivaladapinae Thomas and Verma 1979
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G. †Guangxilemur Qi and Beard 1998
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†Guangxilemur singsilai Marivaux et al. 2002
†Guangxilemur tongi Qi and Beard 1998
G. †Indraloris Lewis 1933
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†Indraloris himalayensis Pilgrim 1932
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Invalid names: Indraloris lulli Lewis 1933 [synonym]
†Indraloris kamlialensis Flynn and Morgan 2005
G. †Ramadapis Gilbert et al. 2017
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†Ramadapis sahnii Gilbert et al. 2017
G. †Sinoadapis Wu and Pan 1985
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†Sinoadapis carnosus Wu and Pan 1985
†Sinoadapis shihuibaensis Pan and Wu 1986
G. †Yunnanadapis Ni et al. 2016
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†Yunnanadapis folivorus Ni et al. 2016
†Yunnanadapis imperator Ni et al. 2016
G. †Sulaimanius Gunnell et al. 2012
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†Sulaimanius arifi Gunnell et al. 2008
Invalid names: Sulaimania Gunnell et al. 2008 [replaced]
Invalid names: Sivaladapinae Thomas and Verma 1979 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 30 gg
Minimum body mass: 30 gg
Body mass estimate: 30 g
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: arborealo
Diet: omnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 13:27:51
Modified: 2005-08-26 15:27:51
Source: g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Legendre 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Tortonian or 55.80000 to 7.24600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma

Collections (676 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Thanetian - Early/Lower Eocene59.2 - 48.6France (Marne) Cantius eppsi (133367)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Île-de-France) Cantius epppsi (68437)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom Pelycodus sp., Cantius eppsi (87950)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aude) Cercamoniinae n. gen. (182641)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) Cantius savagei (35533 35535) Periconodon lemoinei (35539)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Spain (Lleida) Agerinia marandati (142031) Agerinia smithorum (182271 210711 210712) Agerinia sp. (187320 210713)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Gujarat) Marcgodinotius indicus, Asiadapis cambayensis (180565) Marcgodinotius indicus, Asiadapis tapiensis (180566) Marcgodinotius sp., Marcgodinotius indicus, Asiadapis sp., Primates indet. 2, Adapoidea indet. (55494)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Protoadapis eppsi (38868)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) Agerinia roselli (179574)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Hérault) Agerina sp. (181563)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Oise) Cantius sp. (68174)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Pakistan (Balochistan) Panobius russelli, Sulaimania arifi (87933)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3France (Occitanie) Rouzilemur pulcher, Europolemur midiensis (195457)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Anchomomys n. sp., Europolemur klatti (182519)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) Anchomomys gaillardi (31717)
Sharamurunian56.0 - 37.71China (Shanxi) Hoanghonius stehlini (41116)
Sharamurunian56.0 - 37.71China (Henan) Adapidae indet., Rencunius wui (41120) Hoanghonius stehlini (42163 42164 42526)
Graybullian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Cantius abditus (15701) Pelycodus mckennai (15878) Pelycodus ralstoni (15875)
Lostcabinian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Notharctus nunienus (15930) Notharctus sp., Notharctus venticolus (15915) Notharctus venticolus (15945 16073 16076) Notharctus venticolus, Notharctus nunienus (15917)
Lysitean - Lostcabinian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Notharctus sp. (15451)