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Hylobatidae (gibbon)

Mammalia - Primates - Hylobatidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1870Hylobatidae Gray
1910Hylobatidae Gregory p. 465
1965Hylobatidae Simons p. 136
1977Hylobatidae Andrews and Simons
1982Hylobatidae Andrews and Cronin p. 545
1988Hylobatidae Carroll
1991Hylobatidae Nowak
1992Hylobatidae Andrews p. 642
2016Hylobatidae Harrison
2020Hylobatidae Gilbert et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
Euarchonta
orderPrimates
infraorderHaplorhini(Pocock 1918)
Anthropoidea(Mivart 1864)
infraorderCatarrhiniGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
superfamilyHominoideaGray 1825
familyHylobatidaeGray 1870
familyHylobatidaeGray 1870

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Hylobatidae Gray 1870 [gibbon]
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G. †Bunopithecus Matthew and Granger 1923
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Bunopithecus sericus Matthew and Granger 1923
G. Hoolock Mootnick and Groves 2005 [hoolock gibbon]
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Hoolock hoolock Harlan 1834 [western hoolock gibbon]
Hoolock leuconedys Groves 1967 [eastern hoolock gibbon]
Hoolock tianxing Fan et al. 2017 [Gaoligong hoolock gibbon]
G. Hylobates Illiger 1811
+
Hylobates abbotti Kloss 1929 [Abbott's Müller's Bornean gibbon]
Hylobates agilis Cuvier 1821 [agile gibbon]
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Invalid names: Hylobates rafflesi Geoffroy 1828 [synonym], Hylobates unko Lesson 1840 [synonym]
Hylobates albibarbis Lyon 1911 [Bornean white-bearded gibbon]
Hylobates funereus Geoffroy 1850 [northern Müller's Bornean gibbon]
Hylobates klossii Miller 1903 [Kloss's gibbon]
Hylobates lar Linnaeus 1771 [lar gibbon]
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Hylobates lar carpenteri Groves 1968 [Carpenter's lar gibbon]
Hylobates lar entelloides Geoffroy 1842 [mainland lar gibbon]
Hylobates lar lar Linnaeus 1771 [Malayan lar gibbon]
+
Invalid names: Pithecus variegatus Geoffroy 1812 [synonym], Simia albimana Vigors and Horsfield 1828 [synonym]
Hylobates lar vestitus Miller, Jr. 1942 [Sumatran lar gibbon]
Hylobates lar yunnanensis Ma and Wang 1986 [Yunnan lar gibbon]
Hylobates moloch Audebert 1797 [silvery Javan gibbon]
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Invalid names: Hylobates leuciscus Schreber 1799 [synonym], Simia cinerea Latreille 1804 [synonym]
Hylobates muelleri Martin 1841 [eastern Müller's Bornean gibbon]
Hylobates pileatus Gray 1861 [pileated gibbon]
G. †Kapi Gilbert et al. 2020
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Kapi ramnagarensis Gilbert et al. 2020
G. Nomascus Miller 1933
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Nomascus annamensis Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2010
Nomascus concolor Harlan 1826 [black crested gibbon]
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Hylobates concolor henrici de Pousargues 1896
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Invalid names: Hylobates concolor furvogaster Ma and Wang 1986 [synonym]
Nomascus concolor lu Delacour 1951 [Laotian black crested gibbon]
Invalid names: Hylobates concolor jingdongensis Ma and Wang 1986 [synonym], Hylobates harlani Lesson 1827 [synonym], Hylobates niger Ogilby 1840 [synonym]
Nomascus gabriellae Thomas 1909 [yellow-cheeked gibbon]
Nomascus hainanus Thomas 1892 [Hainan black crested gibbon]
Nomascus leucogenys Ogilby 1840 [northern white-cheeked gibbon]
Nomascus nasutus Kunkel d'Herculais 1884 [eastern black crested gibbon]
Nomascus siki Delacour 1951 [southern white-cheeked gibbon]
G. Symphalangus Gloger 1941 [siamang]
+
Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles 1822 [siamang]
+
Invalid names: Siamanga syndactyla volzi Pohl 1911 [synonym]
Invalid names: Siamanga Gray 1843 [synonym]
G. †Yuanmoupithecus Pan 2006
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: arborealf
Diet: frugivoref
Diet 2: folivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999f
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 19:21:05
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Pleistocene to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 2.58800 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.781 Ma

Collections (11 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) Hylobates sp. (214689)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781China (Guangxi) Hylobates sp. (230325)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781China (Hunan) Hylobates sp. (36819)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.126China (Sichuan) Bunopithecus sericus (226365)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126China (Guangdong) Hylobates sp. (40341)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Vietnam (Lang Son) Hylobates concolor (92781)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.781 - 0.0117China (Guangdong) Hylobates concolor, Hylobates sp. (13293)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.126 - 0.0117China (Hubei) Hylobates sp. (92787)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Indonesia Hylobates syndactylus (93524)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Vietnam Hylobates sp. (107997)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Malaysia Hylobates moloch (192522)