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Taxonomy
Borophagus was named by Cope (1892) [also, but incorrectly said to be 1893]. It is not extant.
It was reranked as Dinocyon (Borophagus) by Matthew (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Dinocyon by Matthew (1902); it was considered a nomen dubium by Matthew (1918).
It was assigned to Hyaenidae by Hay (1902); to Dinocyon by Matthew (1902); to Simocyoninae by Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Canidae by Cope (1892), Matthew and Stirton (1930), Stirton and VanderHoof (1933), VanderHoof and Gregory (1940) and Carroll (1988); to Borophagina by Wang et al. (1999), Wang et al. (2004) and Wang et al. (2008); and to Borophaginae by Bjork (1970), Tseng and Geisler (2016), Albright et al. (2019) and Bōgner and Samuels (2022).
It was reranked as Dinocyon (Borophagus) by Matthew (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Dinocyon by Matthew (1902); it was considered a nomen dubium by Matthew (1918).
It was assigned to Hyaenidae by Hay (1902); to Dinocyon by Matthew (1902); to Simocyoninae by Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Canidae by Cope (1892), Matthew and Stirton (1930), Stirton and VanderHoof (1933), VanderHoof and Gregory (1940) and Carroll (1988); to Borophagina by Wang et al. (1999), Wang et al. (2004) and Wang et al. (2008); and to Borophaginae by Bjork (1970), Tseng and Geisler (2016), Albright et al. (2019) and Bōgner and Samuels (2022).
Species
B. diversidens (syn. Hyaenognathus pachyodon, Felis hillanus, Hyaenognathus solus, Porthocyon dubius, Hyaenognathus matthewi), B. dudleyi, B. hilli (syn. Osteoborus progressus, Osteoborus crassapineatus), B. littoralis (syn. Osteoborus diabloensis), B. orc, B. parvus, B. pugnator (syn. Osteoborus galushai), B. secundus (syn. Hyaenognathus cyonoides, Hyaenognathus direptor), Dinocyon (Borophagus) meandrinus, Osteoborus crassipinaetus, Porthocyon matthewi
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1892 | Borophagus Cope |
1902 | Borophagus Hay p. 776 |
1902 | Dinocyon (Borophagus) Matthew p. 289 |
1903 | Hyaenognathus Merriam |
1903 | Porthocyon Merriam |
1903 | Hyaenognathus Merriam p. 278 |
1903 | Porthocyon Merriam p. 283 figs. Pl. 29 and P. 30, Fig 1 |
1930 | Borophagus Matthew and Stirton |
1933 | Borophagus Stirton and VanderHoof |
1933 | Osteoborus Stirton and VanderHoof p. 175 |
1940 | Borophagus VanderHoof and Gregory |
1941 | Pliogulo White |
1970 | Borophagus Bjork p. 14 |
1980 | Borophagus Kurten and Anderson p. 165 |
1988 | Borophagus Carroll |
1999 | Borophagus Wang et al. p. 266 |
2004 | Borophagus Wang et al. p. 451 |
2008 | Borophagus Wang et al. |
2016 | Borophagus Tseng and Geisler p. 1 |
2019 | Borophagus Albright et al. p. 172 |
2022 | Borophagus Bōgner and Samuels |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Borophagus Cope 1892
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†Borophagus diversidens Cope 1892
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Invalid names: Felis hillanus Cope 1893 [synonym], Hyaenognathus matthewi Freudenberg 1910 [synonym], Hyaenognathus pachyodon Merriam 1903 [synonym], Hyaenognathus solus Stock 1932 [synonym], Porthocyon dubius Merriam 1903 [synonym]
†Borophagus dudleyi White 1941
†Borophagus hilli Johnston 1939
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Invalid names: Osteoborus crassapineatus Olsen 1956 [synonym], Osteoborus progressus Hibbard 1944 [synonym]
†Borophagus littoralis VanderHoof 1931
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Invalid names: Osteoborus diabloensis Richey 1938 [synonym]
†Borophagus orc Webb 1969
†Borophagus parvus Wang et al. 1999
†Borophagus secundus VanderHoof 1931
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Invalid names: Hyaenognathus cyonoides Martin 1928 [synonym], Hyaenognathus direptor Matthew 1924 [synonym]
†Dinocyon (Borophagus) meandrinus Hatcher 1894
Invalid names: Cynogulo [synonym], Hyaenognathus Merriam 1903 [synonym], Osteoborus Stirton and VanderHoof 1933 [synonym], Pliogulo White 1941 [synonym], Porthocyon Merriam 1903 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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R. A. Stirton and V. L. VanderHoof 1933 (Osteoborus) | First three premolars greatly reduced in size; anterior pre-
molars (1-3 / 1 or 2-3) with prominent central cusp and small or absent anterior and posterior cusps; p4 with posterior accessory cusp above talonid; parastyle on P!; protocone on P! vestigial or absent; M;: with metaconid; m1 with wide inner heel; m2-3 intermediate in structure between Hyaenognathus and Aelurodon; superior branch of premaxilla strong, and meets anterior extension of frontals, excluding maxillaries from contact with nasals. |