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Taxonomy
Sciurus was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant. It is the type genus of Sciuromorpha, Sciuridae, Sciurinae.
It was assigned to Glires by Linnaeus (1758); to Agilia by Illiger (1811); to Sciurina by Gray (1825); to Sciurinae by Hay (1902); to Sciuridae by Lambe (1908), Wilson (1967), Kurten and Anderson (1980) and McKenna and Bell (1997); and to Sciurini by Mercer and Roth (2003) and Emry et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Glires by Linnaeus (1758); to Agilia by Illiger (1811); to Sciurina by Gray (1825); to Sciurinae by Hay (1902); to Sciuridae by Lambe (1908), Wilson (1967), Kurten and Anderson (1980) and McKenna and Bell (1997); and to Sciurini by Mercer and Roth (2003) and Emry et al. (2005).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1758 | Sciurus Linnaeus p. 63 |
| 1758 | Sciurus flavus Linnaeus p. 64 |
| 1811 | Sciurus Illiger p. 83 |
| 1825 | Sciurus Gray p. 342 |
| 1902 | Sciurus Hay p. 719 |
| 1908 | Sciurus Lambe |
| 1967 | Sciurus Wilson p. 208 |
| 1980 | Sciurus Kurten and Anderson p. 220 |
| 1997 | Sciurus McKenna and Bell |
| 2003 | Sciurus Mercer and Roth |
| 2005 | Sciurus Emry et al. p. 228 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Sciurus Linnaeus 1758 [squirrel]
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Subg. †Sciurus (Prosciurus) Matthew 1903
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†Sciurus (Prosciurus) vetustus Matthew 1903
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Invalid names: Prosciurus minor Russell 1972 [synonym]
Sciurus aberti Woodhouse 1853
Sciurus alleni Nelson 1898
Sciurus arizonensis Coues 1867
†Sciurus calycinus Cope 1871
Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin 1788 [eastern gray squirrel]
†Sciurus giganteus Freudenberg 1941
Sciurus griseus Ord 1818
Sciurus niger Linnaeus 1758 [fox squirrel]
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Invalid names: Sciurus cinereus Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
†Sciurus olsoni Emry et al. 2005
†Sciurus panolius Cope 1869
Sciurus prevostii Desmarest 1822 [Prevost's squirrel]
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Sciurus prevostii rafflesii Vigors and Horsfield 1828
Sciurus prevostii harrisoni Stone and Rehn 1902
†Sciurus siderolithicus Picted and Humbert 1869
†Sciurus spectabilis Major 1873
†Sciurus venturus Bryant 1945
Sciurus vittatus Raffles 1822
†Sciurus vortmani Cope 1879
Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian red squirrel]
Invalid names: Sciurus flavus Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Dunn and Rasmussen 2007, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Holocene or 41.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma
Collections (126 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bartonian | Switzerland (Baselland) | Plesiarctomys spectabilis (182806) | |
| MP 23 | France (Quercy) | Sciurus sp. (36709) | |
| MP 23 | France | Sciurus sp. (183508) | |
| Rupelian | Germany | Sciurus sp. (183361) | |
| Chattian | Switzerland (Canton Solothurn) | Sciurus sp. (182805) | |
| Aquitanian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Sciurus giganteus (52566) | |
| Aquitanian - Serravallian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Sciurus fissurae (36882) | |
| Miocene | France | Sciurus fissurae (200296) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Jiangsu) | Sciurus indet. (43400) Sciurus sp. (41813) | |
| Burdigalian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Sciurus fissurae (36878) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Valencia) | Sciurus fissurae (40031) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Sciurus fissurae (36887) | |
| Middle Miocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Sciurus sp. (13484) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Sciurus sp. (13483) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nevada) | Sciurus olsoni (71406) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Piedmont) | Sciurus warthae (172912 172915 199859) | |
| Ruscinian | Spain (Soria) | Sciurus sp. (40548) | |
| Ruscinian | Greece (Kozani) | Sciurus anomalus (205081) | |
| Ruscinian - Villanyian | Hungary (Barany) | Sciurus sp. (35354) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | France (Midi-Pyrenees) | Sciurus warthae (35076) | |
| MN 14 | Poland | Sciurus warthae (32240) | |
| MN 15 | Poland | Sciurus warthae (33396 33872) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) | Sciurus sp. (199747 205172) | |
| MN 16 | Austria (Lower Austria) | Sciurus sp. (167680) | |
| MN 16 | Poland | Sciurus warthae (33473 33638) | |
| Villanyian | Greece | Sciurus anomalus (34589) | |
| Villanyian | Italy (Venetia) | Sciurus sp. (50895) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | Sciurus sp. (20384) | |
| MN 17 | Poland | Sciurus sp. (32485) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Italy (Verona) | Sciurus warthae (51625) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Greece (Kalymnos island) | Sciurus sp. (34770) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Greece | Sciurus anomalus (34767) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Romania | Sciurus sp. (32145 32192 32194 33973 33974 34009) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Greece (Peloponnisos) | Sciurus sp. (34766) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Sciurus vulgaris (77751) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Sciurus vulgaris (35905) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Sciurus sp. (50682) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Czech Republic | Sciurus sp. (35907) | |
| Pleistocene | Israel | Sciurus anomalus (225664) Sciurus sp. (39252) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Maryland) | Sciurus carolinensis (126660) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Tennessee) | Sciurus carolinensis (74240) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Sciurus niger (227368) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Arizona) | Sciurus aberti (20445) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Virginia) | Sciurus carolinensis (20388) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Colorado) | Sciurus sp. (20477 20559) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Iowa) | Sciurus sp. (20407) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (New Mexico) | Sciurus aberti (20509 20510 20513) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Sciurus carolinensis (20289 20308 20350) Sciurus sp. (20385) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (West Virginia) | Sciurus carolinensus (20555) Sciurus sp. (20554) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | France (Provence) | Sciurus sp. (48889 48891) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Hungary (Borsodabaujzemplen) | Sciurus sp. (35472) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Sciurus vulgaris (78015) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Czech Republic | Sciurus sp. (36214) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Greece (Peloponnesos) | Sciurus vulgaris (200081) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Hungary | Sciurus vulgaris (35045) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Israel | Sciurus anomalus (192424 192425) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Sciurus sp. (49999 50196) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Germany (Bayern) | Sciurus vulgaris (50260) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger (195112) Sciurus sp. (20491) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | Sciurus carolinensis (20572 20650) Sciurus sp. (20629) Sciurus sp., Sciurus carolinensis (20573) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece (Peloponnesus) | Sciurus vulgaris (184245) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Sciurus carolinensis (82258 103991) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michigan) | Sciurus carolinensis (200485) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger (154722) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Texas) | Sciurus carolinensis (93103) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Missouri) | Sciurus sp. (93676) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Sciurus sp. (74235 93250) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Texas) | Sciurus carolinensis (20586) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | Sciurus niger (93527) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Nuevo Leon) | Sciurus alleni (71345) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Missouri) | Sciurus sp. (93379) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Sciurus carolinensis (124199) Sciurus corolinensis (93332) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Sciurus carolinensis (154771) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Sciurus carolinensis (20604) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger (154805) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Sciurus sp. (104034 104044 104672) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Missouri) | Sciurus sp. (63563 63565 63571) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Greece (Peloponnesus) | Sciurus anomalus (184243) | |
| Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Sciurus carolinensis (104675) | |
| Holocene | Indonesia (Java) | Sciurus notatus (13738) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Ontario) | Sciurus carolinensis (221863) | |
| Holocene | Venezuela (Guarico) | Sciurus granatensis (21686) | |
| Holocene | USA (Ohio) | Sciurus carolinensis (195062 195065 195067 195069) Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger (195066) | |
| Holocene | USA (Tennessee) | Sciurus sp. (63428) | |
| Holocene | Panama | Sciurus granatensis (21691) | |
| Holocene | Peru | Sciurus sanborni, Sciurus spadiceus, Sciurus ignitus (21689) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | Sciurus carolinensis (224189) | |
| Holocene | USA (Florida) | Sciurus niger (227371) | |
| Holocene | Brazil (Districto Agropecura) | Sciurus gilvigularis (21687) |