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Hypertragulidae

Mammalia - Hypertragulidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1879Hypertragulidae Cope p. 66
1908Hypertragulidae Matthew p. 560
1910Hypertragulidae Gregory p. 466
1911Hypertragulidae Jaekel p. 234
1934Hypertragulidae Cook p. 151
1940Hypertragulidae Scott p. 507
1966Hypertragulidae Johnson p. 80
1969Hypertragulidae Ferrusquia-Villafranca
1988Hypertragulidae Carroll
2001Hypertragulidae Vislobokova p. S136
2020Hypertragulidae Lofgren et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
infraorderTragulina
superfamilyHypertraguloidea
familyHypertragulidae
familyHypertragulidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Hypertragulidae Cope 1879
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G. †Hypertragulus Cope 1874
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Invalid names: Hypertragulus tricostatus Cope 1874 [synonym]
†Hypertragulus heikeni Ferrusquia-Villafranca 1969
†Hypertragulus minor Frick 1937
†Hypertragulus minutus Lull 1922
†Hypertragulus planiceps Sinclair 1905
†Hypertragulus sequens Cook 1934
Invalid names: Allomeryx Sinclair 1905 [synonym]
G. †Nanotragulus Lull 1922
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†Nanotragulus fontanus Stock 1935
†Nanotragulus loomisi Lull 1922
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Invalid names: Nanotragulus intermedius Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym], Nanotragulus lulli Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Nanotragulus ordinatus Matthew 1907
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Invalid names: Nanotragulus albanensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Nanotragulus matthewi Cook 1934 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hypertragulinae [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
I. A. Vislobokova 2001Skull brachycephalic, with moderately elongated snout. Rostrum narrow. Orbits large, centrally placed with incomplete postorbital bar. Foramen ovale small, ovate, and placed approximately in midlength of alisphenoid. Auditory bulla small and moderately inflated, with medium-long external acous- tic meatus. Stylohyoid vagina encroached upon bulla and enclosed posteriorly. Petrosal small, short, and broad, set closer to horizontal plane than to parasagittal one; anteroventral border of petrosal located far from postglenoid process. Promontorium weak, short, and corresponding to main whorl of cochlea. Tensor tym- pani fossa pocketed both in lateral and medial walls. Stapedial muscle fossa narrow, sinuous, and located posteriorly. Lacrimal foramen located within orbit. Eth- moidal fissure well developed. Nasals elongated and weakly projecting anteriorly above anterior opening of nasal cavity. Palate concave. Anterior opening of nasal cavity peariform in Hypertragulus. Upper incisors absent. Upper canines medium-sized and procumbent. Lower canines incisiform. Anterior premolars short- ened. PI and pI detached and caniniform. Odontoid process on axis short arid peglike. Forelimbs short. Radius and ulna tend to be co-ossified. Fibula fused distally with tibia. Astragalus with nonparallel trochleae. Central metapodials separate. Manus pentadactyl. Pes tetradactyI.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: frugivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: analogous to Tragulidae, i.e., frugivorousf
Created: 2005-08-31 14:47:03
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:47:03
Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Webb 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999

Age range: base of the Chadronian to the top of the Harrisonian or 37.20000 to 18.50000 Ma

Collections (108 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Bartonian - Rupelian41.3 - 28.1Mexico (Oaxaca) Nanotragulus sp. (166797)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Texas) Hypertragulus heikeni (16838)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (California) Hypertragulus sp. (17039)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (South Dakota) Hypertragulidae indet. (16885 16938 17006)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Nebraska) Hypertragulus calcaratus (16918) Hypertragulus chadronensis, Hypertragulus crawfordensis (16930)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9Mexico (Chihuahua) Hypertragulus heikeni (17015)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Colorado) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17081 17082)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Nebraska) Hypertragulidae indet. (17108) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17098 17164 17165)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (South Dakota) Hypertragulidae indet., Hypertragulus calcaratus (17102 163487) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17094 17103 17115 17153 17173 17174) Hypertragulus sp. (17187 17188 17189)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Wyoming) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17104 17105 17106)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (North Dakota) Nanotragulus sp. (17432)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Montana) Hypertragulus calcaratus (230863)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Florida) Nanotragulus sp. (17341)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Oregon) Hypertragulus hesperius (17349) Hypertragulus sp. (17313)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (South Dakota) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17336 17338) Hypertragulus dakotensis (17344)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Nebraska) Hypertragulus quadratus (17350)
Whitneyan - late Early Arikareean33.3 - 18.5USA (California) Hypertragulus fontanus (17527)
Geringian30.8 - 26.3USA (Oregon) Hypertragulus hesperius (17508) Hypertragulus hesperius, Nanotragulus planiceps (17537 93078)
Geringian30.8 - 26.3USA (Nebraska) Hypertragulus sp., Nanotragulus intermedius (17494) Nanotragulus sp. (17440 17715)
Geringian30.8 - 26.3USA (South Dakota) Nanotragulus intermedius (17607 17610 17621 17623 17629 17630 17633 17634 17635 17636 17637 17638 17641 17644 17645 17651 17657 17658)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (California) Hypertragulidae indet. (17671 17685) Hypertragulus fontanus (17497) Hypertragulus sp. (17701)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Florida) Nanotragulus loomisi (17476)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (South Dakota) Nanotragulus intermedius (17517) Nanotragulus ordinatus (17461)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Wyoming) Nanotragulus intermedius (17466 17667) Nanotragulus loomisi (17472 17727)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (North Dakota) Hypertragulus sp. (17724)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Oregon) Hypertragulus calcaratus (93080 180202)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Montana) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17509)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Nebraska) Hypertragulus sp., Nanotragulus sp. (17538) Nanotragulus intermedius (17542)
early Early Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Nebraska) Nanotragulus loomisi (156729)
early Late Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Oregon) Nanotragulus sp. (36766)
late Late Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (California) Nanotragulus ordinatus (167853)
late Late Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Oregon) Hypertragulus sp. (18013)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (Florida) Nanotragulus loomisi (17764)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (Oregon) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17603 93079)
Monroecreekian26.3 - 24.8USA (Washington) Hypertragulus sp. (119838 119840)
Monroecreekian26.3 - 24.8USA (South Dakota) Nanotragulus sp. (17564)
Monroecreekian26.3 - 24.8USA (Nebraska) Hypertragulus sequens (74154)
Monroecreekian - Harrisonian26.3 - 18.5USA (Oregon) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17528)
Harrisonian24.8 - 18.5USA (Montana) Nanotragulus sp. (17810)
Harrisonian24.8 - 18.5USA (Texas) Nanotragulus matthewi (17767 17768 17771 17775) Nanotragulus ordinatus (17836)
Harrisonian24.8 - 18.5USA (Nebraska) Nanotragulus matthewi (17846) Nanotragulus sp. (17805)
Harrisonian24.8 - 18.5USA (Wyoming) Nanotragulus ordinatus (17794)
Harrisonian24.8 - 18.5USA (California) Hypertragulus hesperius (17742)
Harrisonian24.8 - 18.5USA (South Dakota) Nanotragulus loomisi (17743) Nanotragulus ordinatus (17454) Nanotragulus sp. (17445)
Harrisonian - Hemingfordian24.8 - 15.97USA (Montana) Hypertragulidae indet., Nanotragulus sp. (18811)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44USA (Texas) Hypertragulus sp. (18663)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Nebraska) Hypertragulus minor (17881)