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Monodontidae
Taxonomy
Monodontidae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Geisler et al. (2011).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Monodontes by Winge (1921).
It was assigned to Carnivorae by Gray (1821); to Odontoceta by Ameghino (1889); to Delphinidae by Winge (1921); to Monodontoidea by Fraser and Purves (1960); to Cetacea by Pictet (1853) and Nowak (1991); to Odontoceti by Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951), Reeves and Tracey (1980), Carroll (1988), Stewart and Stewart (1989), Benton (1993), Geisler and Sanders (2003) and Mead and Brownell (2005); to Monodontoidae by Geisler et al. (2011) and Berta (2017); and to Delphinoidea by Simpson (1945), Kasuya (1973), Barnes et al. (1985), de Muizon (1988), Vidal (1991), Fordyce and Barnes (1994), Fordyce et al. (1995), McKenna and Bell (1997), Rice (1998), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Rice (2002), Gingerich (2005), Lambert and Gigase (2007), Bianucci and Landini (2007), Foekens (2008), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Whitmore and Kaltenbach (2008), Uhen et al. (2008), Rice (2009), Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson (2012), Marx et al. (2016), Ichishima et al. (2019), Bianucci et al. (2019) and Merella et al. (2022).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Monodontes by Winge (1921).
It was assigned to Carnivorae by Gray (1821); to Odontoceta by Ameghino (1889); to Delphinidae by Winge (1921); to Monodontoidea by Fraser and Purves (1960); to Cetacea by Pictet (1853) and Nowak (1991); to Odontoceti by Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951), Reeves and Tracey (1980), Carroll (1988), Stewart and Stewart (1989), Benton (1993), Geisler and Sanders (2003) and Mead and Brownell (2005); to Monodontoidae by Geisler et al. (2011) and Berta (2017); and to Delphinoidea by Simpson (1945), Kasuya (1973), Barnes et al. (1985), de Muizon (1988), Vidal (1991), Fordyce and Barnes (1994), Fordyce et al. (1995), McKenna and Bell (1997), Rice (1998), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Rice (2002), Gingerich (2005), Lambert and Gigase (2007), Bianucci and Landini (2007), Foekens (2008), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Whitmore and Kaltenbach (2008), Uhen et al. (2008), Rice (2009), Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson (2012), Marx et al. (2016), Ichishima et al. (2019), Bianucci et al. (2019) and Merella et al. (2022).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1821 | Monodontidae Gray p. 310 |
| 1853 | Monodontidae Pictet p. 383 |
| 1889 | Monodontidae Ameghino p. 887 |
| 1921 | Monodontes Winge p. 35 |
| 1945 | Monodontidae Simpson p. 103 |
| 1951 | Monodontidae Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott p. 726 |
| 1960 | Monodontidae Fraser and Purves p. 112 figs. Figure 26 |
| 1973 | Monodontidae Kasuya p. 61 |
| 1980 | Monodontidae Reeves and Tracey p. 1 |
| 1985 | Monodontidae Barnes et al. p. 25 |
| 1988 | Monodontidae Carroll |
| 1988 | Monodontidae de Muizon p. 189 |
| 1989 | Monodontidae Stewart and Stewart p. 1 |
| 1991 | Monodontidae Nowak |
| 1991 | Monodontidae Vidal p. 5 |
| 1993 | Monodontidae Benton p. 762 |
| 1994 | Monodontidae Fordyce and Barnes p. 429 figs. Table 1 |
| 1995 | Monodontidae Fordyce et al. p. 379 |
| 1997 | Monodontidae McKenna and Bell p. 388 |
| 1998 | Monodontidae Rice |
| 2001 | Monodontidae Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179 |
| 2002 | Monodontidae Rice p. 231 figs. Table 1 |
| 2003 | Monodontidae Geisler and Sanders p. 28 |
| 2005 | Monodontidae Gingerich p. 237 figs. Table 15.1 |
| 2005 | Monodontidae Mead and Brownell p. 735 |
| 2007 | Monodontidae Bianucci and Landini p. 46 figs. Table 2.1 |
| 2007 | Monodontidae Lambert and Gigase p. 198 |
| 2008 | Monodontidae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 4.3 |
| 2008 | Monodontidae Foekens p. 7 figs. Table 1 |
| 2008 | Monodontidae Uhen et al. p. 590 |
| 2008 | Monodontidae Whitmore and Kaltenbach p. 228 |
| 2009 | Monodontidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1 |
| 2011 | Monodontidae Geisler et al. pp. 6, 29 figs. Table 1, FIgure 5 |
| 2012 | Monodontidae Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson p. 477 |
| 2016 | Monodontidae Marx et al. p. 136 |
| 2017 | Monodontidae Berta p. 164 |
| 2019 | Monodontidae Bianucci et al. p. 1 |
| 2019 | Monodontidae Ichishima et al. |
| 2022 | Monodontidae Merella et al. p. 231 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Monodontidae Gray 1821
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G. †Bohaskaia Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson 2012
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†Bohaskaia monodontoides Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson 2012
Subfm. Delphinapterinae Gill 1871
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Invalid names: Beluginae Flower 1867 [synonym], Delphinapteridae Weber 1904 [synonym]
G. Delphinapterus Lacépède 1804 [beluga]
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Delphinapterus leucas Pallas 1776 [beluga whale]
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Invalid names: Beluga angustata Cope 1866 [synonym], Beluga borealis Lesson 1828 [synonym], Beluga catodon Gray 1846 [synonym], Beluga concreta Cope 1865 [synonym], Beluga declivis Cope 1865 [synonym], Beluga glacialis Lesson 1828 [synonym], Beluga kingii Gray 1827 [synonym], Beluga rhinodon Cope 1865 [synonym], Catodon albicans Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Catodon canadensis Lesson 1828 [synonym], Cetus albicans Brisson 1762 [synonym], Delphinapterus beluga Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Delphinapterus concreta Cope 1865 [synonym], Delphinapterus dorofeevi Klumov and Barabash 1935 [synonym], Delphinapterus freimani Klumov 1935 [synonym], Delphinapterus marisalbi Ostroumov 1935 [synonym], Delphinapterus vermontanus Thompson 1850 [synonym], Delphinus albians Muller 1776 [synonym], Inia canadensis Desmarest 1822 [synonym]
Invalid names: Agrocetus Gloger 1842 [synonym], Argocetus Gloger 1842 [synonym], Beluga Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Catodon sibbaldi Fleming 1828 [nomen dubium], Delphinaptera Bowdich 1821 [synonym], Delphinapterus senedetta Lacépède 1804 [nomen dubium], Delphis Wagler 1830 [synonym]
G. Monodon Linnaeus 1758 [narwhal]
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Monodon monoceros Linnaeus 1758 [narhwal]
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Invalid names: Ceratodon monodon Pallas 1811 [synonym], Ceratodontis ceratodon Brisson 1762 [synonym], Monodon narhval Borowski 1781 [synonym], Monodon narhwal Blumenbach 1779 [synonym], Narwalus andersonianus Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Narwalus microcephalus Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Narwalus vulgaris Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Tachynices megacephalus Brookes 1828 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ceratodon Brisson 1762 [synonym], Ceratodontis Brisson 1762 [synonym], Delphinus anarnacus Desmarest 1822 [nomen dubium], Diodon Storr 1780 [synonym], Monodon spurius Fabricius 1780 [nomen dubium], Narvalus Fischer 1814 [synonym], Narwalus Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Narwhalus Dumeril 1806 [synonym], Tachynices Brookes 1828 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Uhen 2004, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Burdigalian to the top of the Holocene or 20.44000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Collections (101 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Burdigalian | Germany | Monodontidae indet. (47425) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | USA (California) | Monodontidae indet. (121152) | |
| Middle Miocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Delphinapterus sp., Monodon sp., Delphinapterus leucas (189573) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Delphinapteridae indet. (52185) Delphinapterinae indet. (13300 52216 75777 75780) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Peru | Delphinapterinae indet. (46083) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (California) | Delphinapterinae indet. (19342) | |
| Messinian | Mexico (Baja California) | Denebola brachycephala (45458) | |
| Messinian | USA (California) | Delphinapterinae indet. (19421) | |
| Zanclean | Belgium (Antwerpen) | Monodontidae indet. (57701) | |
| Zanclean | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | Monodontidae indet. (89447) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Delphinapterus sp., Monodon sp., Bohaskia monodontoides (52582) | |
| Zanclean | Italy | Casatia thermophila (204946) | |
| Zanclean | Italy (Tuscany) | Monodontidae indet. (190383) | |
| Zanclean | USA (Virginia) | Bohaskia monodontoides (58986) | |
| Zanclean | Belgium | Monodontidae indet. (79726) | |
| Zanclean | Japan | Haborodelphis japonicus (55643) | |
| Pliocene | Netherlands | Monodontidae indet. (192726) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Delphinapterinae indet. (46067) | |
| Gelasian | United Kingdom (England) | Monodon monoceros (48093) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Delphinapterus leucas (58420) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Delphinapterus sp., Delphinapterus leucas (189574) | |
| Pleistocene | Sweden | Delphinus leucas (159729) | |
| Pleistocene | Denmark | Delphinus leucas (159730 159733) | |
| Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Monodon monoceros (85135) | |
| Calabrian | Netherlands | Delphinapterus leucas (53897) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Monodon monoceros (77754) Monodon monoceros, Delphinapterus leucas (58419) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (Yukon) | Delphinapterus leucas (73693) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (New York) | Delphinapterus leucas (73634) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (New Brunswick) | Delphinapterus sp. (73664) Monodon monoceros (73672) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Vermont) | Delphinus vermontana (51003) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | Canada (Quebec) | Delphinapterus leucas (116551) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Denmark | Delphinapterus leucas (96120 96128 96129 96130) Delphinus leucas (96118) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greenland | Monodon monoceros (227040) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Sweden | Delphinapterus leucas (96117 96123) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Belgium | Delphinapterus leucas (82528) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Alaska) | Delphinapterus sp. (20643) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (Quebec) | Delphinapterus leucas (51004 51006 51017 96872) Monodon monoceros (96874) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Netherlands | Delphinapterus leucas (82530 82533) Monodon monoceros (109703) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (Ontario) | Beluga vermontana (51010) Delphinapterus leucas (51007 51009 51011 51012 51014 51015) | |
| Holocene | USA (Alaska) | Delphinapterus leucas (168235 175943 175948 175950 175951) | |
| Holocene | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Delphinapterus leucas (168234) Monodon monoceros (168232) | |
| Holocene | Japan | Delphinapterus leucas (82088) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | Monodon monoceros (168230) | |
| Holocene | Greenland (Qeqertasussuk) | Monodon monoceros (187755) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Delphinapterus leucas (228921 228924) | |
| Holocene | Iceland | Monodon monoceros (168231) | |
| Holocene | Greenland | Delphinapterus leucas (168233) Monodon monoceros (162545 227877 229885 229938 229939 229940 229942 229943) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Nunavut) | Delphinapterus leucas (160848 228756 228757 228895 228897) Monodon monoceros (73710) Monodon monoceros, Delphinapterus leucas (228919) M. sp. (228898 228899) | |
| Holocene | Greenland (Carey Oer) | Monodon monoceros (177153) | |
| Holocene | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Delphinus leucas (86903) | |
| Holocene | Russian Federation | Delphinapterus leucas (168236) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | Delphinapterus leucas (51005 221970 228861) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Newfoundland) | Delphinapterus leucas (228844) |