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Toxodontia

Mammalia - Notoungulata

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1887Lithops praevius Ameghino
1887Toxodontia Ameghino
1889Toxodontia Ameghino p. 355
1889Toxodontia Cope p. 876
1891Toxodontia Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1894Notohippidae Ameghino
1894Toxodontia Ameghino p. 20
1894Notohippidae Ameghino p. 27
1894Palaeolithops praevius Ameghino p. 27
1897Notohippidae Ameghino p. 456
1897Eurygeniops normalis Ameghino p. 466
1898Toxodontia Gadow p. 45
1902Interhippus Ameghino p. 13
1910Toxodontia Gregory p. 466
1914Rhynchippidae Loomis p. 89
1945Rhynchippinae Simpson
1956Toxodonta McKenna p. 736
1956Toxodonta Paula Couto p. 102
1967Notohippidae Simpson
1967Toxodontia Simpson
1975Toxodontia McKenna p. 43
1982Toxodonta Vucetich and Bond
1988Interhippus Carroll
1988Notohippidae Carroll
1988Toxodontia Carroll
1993Notohippidae Bond and López
1993Toxodonta Bond and López
1997Notohippidae Shockey
1997Toxodontia Shockey
2009Notohippidae Shockey et al.
2009Toxodontia Shockey et al.
2010Notohippidae Cerdeño and Vera
2010Notohippidae López et al.
2010Toxodontia López et al.
2010Toxodontia Ribeiro et al.
2011Toxodontia Billet
2016Notohippidae Deraco and GarcÍa-López p. 2
2016Toxodontia Deraco and GarcÍa-López p. 2
2020Toxodontia Silva Lacerda et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
Paenungulatomorpha
PaenungulataSimpson 1945
Sudamericungulata
orderNotoungulata
suborderToxodontiaAmeghino 1887
suborderToxodontiaAmeghino 1887

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Toxodontia Ameghino 1887
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Unr. †Eutoxodontia Martínez et al. 2020
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G. †Argyrohippus Ameghino 1902
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Argyrohippus fraterculus Ameghino 1902
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Invalid names: Argyrohippus boulei Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
Argyrohippus praecox Patterson 1935
G. †Eomorphippus Ameghino 1901
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Eomorphippus bondi Wyss et al. 2018
Eomorphippus neilopdykei Wyss et al. 2018
Eomorphippus obscurus Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Eurystomus stehlini Roth 1902 [synonym], Lonkus rugei Roth 1902 [synonym], Pseudostylops subquadratus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eurystomus Roth 1902 [synonym], Pleurystomus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Pseudostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Eurygenium Ameghino 1894
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Eurygenium latirostris Ameghino 1894
Eurygenium normalis Ameghino 1897
Eurygenium pacegnum Shockey 1997
Invalid names: Eurygeniops Ameghino 1897 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Leontiniidae Ameghino 1894
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G. †Anayatherium Shockey 2005
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Anayatherium ekecoa Shockey 2005
Anayatherium fortis Shockey 2005
G. †Ancylocoelus Ameghino 1895
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Ancylocoelus frequens Ameghino 1894
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Invalid names: Ancylocoelus minor Ameghino 1901 [objective synonym], Henricofilholia inaequilatera Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Leontinia garzoni Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Rodiotherium armatum Ameghino 1894 [synonym]
Ancylocoelus lentus Ameghino 1901
G. †Colpodon Burmeister 1885
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Colpodon antucoensis Shockey et al. 2012
Colpodon distinctus Ameghino 1902
Colpodon plicatus Ameghino 1904
Colpodon propinquus Burmeister 1885
G. †Coquenia Deraco et al. 2008
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Coquenia bondi Deraco et al. 2008
G. †Elmerriggsia Shockey et al. 2012
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Elmerriggsia fieldia Shockey et al. 2012
G. †Gualta Cerdeño and Vera 2015
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Gualta cuyana Cerdeño and Vera 2015
G. †Henricofilholia Ameghino 1901
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Henricofilholia cingulata Ameghino 1894
Henricofilholia circumdata Ameghino 1901
Henricofilholia intercincta Ameghino 1904
Henricofilholia lustrata Ameghino 1901
Henricofilholia vucetichia Ribeiro et al. 2010
G. †Huilatherium Villarroel and Guerrero Diaz 1985
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Huilatherium pluripicatum Villarroel and Guerrero Diaz 1985
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Invalid names: Laventatherium hylei Colwel 1965 [replaced]
Invalid names: Laventatherium Colwel 1965 [replaced]
G. †Leontinia Ameghino 1895
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Leontinia gaudryi Ameghino 1894
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Invalid names: Leontinia fissicolis Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Leontinia lapidosa Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Leontinia oxyrhyncha Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Leontinia stenognatha Ameghino 1897 [synonym]
Leontinia tertiaria Ameghino 1902
G. †Martinmiguelia Bond and López 1995
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Martinmiguelia fernandezi Bond and López 1995
G. †Purperia Paula Couto 1982
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Purperia cribatidens Paula Couto 1981
G. †Pyralophodon Ameghino 1904
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Pyralophodon pyriformis Ameghino 1904
G. †Scaphops
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Scaphops grypus Ameghino 1894
G. †Scarrittia Simpson 1934
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Scarrittia barranquensis Ribeiro et al. 2010
Scarrittia canquelensis Simpson 1934
Scarrittia robusta Ubilla et al. 1994
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Stenogenium sclerops Ameghino 1894
G. †Taubatherium Soria and Alvarenga 1989
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Taubatherium paulacoutoi Soria and Alvarenga 1989
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Invalid names: Taubatherium major Soria and Alvarenga 1989 [objective synonym]
G. †Termastherium Wyss et al. 2018
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Termastherium flacoensis Wyss et al. 2018
G. †Mendozahippus Cerdeño and Vera 2010
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Mendozahippus fierensis Cerdeño and Vera 2010
G. †Moqueguahippus Shockey et al. 2006
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Moqueguahippus glycisma Shockey et al. 2006
G. †Morphippus Ameghino 1897
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Morphippus complicatus Ameghino 1897
Morphippus fraternus Ameghino 1901
Morphippus hypselodus Ameghino 1897
Morphippus imbricatus Ameghino 1897
Morphippus quadrilobus Ameghino 1901
G. †Notohippus Ameghino 1891
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Notohippus toxodontoides Ameghino 1890
G. †Pascualihippus Shockey 1997
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G. †Patagonhippus López et al. 2010
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Patagonhippus canterensis López et al. 2010
Patagonhippus dukei López et al. 2010
G. †Rosendo Wyss et al. 2018
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Rosendo pascuali Simpson 1967
G. †Teushentherium Martínez et al. 2020
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Teushentherium camaronensis Martínez et al. 2020
Fm. †Toxodontidae Ameghino 1889
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G. †Alitoxodon Rovereto 1914
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Alitoxodon vetustus Rovereto 1914
G. †Charruatoxodon Ferrero et al. 2022
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Charruatoxodon uruguayensis Ferrero et al. 2022
G. †Dilobodon Ameghino 1882
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Invalid names: Dilobodon lujanensis Ameghino 1886 [nomen dubium], Dilobodon lutarius Ameghino 1886 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Dinotoxodontinae Madden 1997
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G. †Dinotoxodon Mecerat 1895
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Dinotoxodon paranensis Burmeister 1885
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Invalid names: Palaeotoxodon paranensis Laurillard 1842 [synonym]
G. †Gyrinodon Hopwood 1928
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Gyrinodon quassus Hopwood 1928
G. †Pericotoxodon Madden 1997
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G. †Hemixotodon Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
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Hemixotodon chasicoensis Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
G. †Hyperoxotodon Mercerat 1895
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Hyperoxotodon speciosus Ameghino 1887
G. †Mixotoxodon Van Frank 1957
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Mixotoxodon larensis Van Frank 1957
G. †Nesodonopsis Roth 1898
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Nesodonopsis deformis Roth 1898
Subfm. †Nesodontinae Murray 1866
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G. †Adinotherium Ameghino 1887
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Adinotherium corriguenense Ameghino 1907
Adinotherium haplodontoides Ameghino 1891
Adinotherium karaikense Ameghino 1891
Adinotherium nitidum Ameghino 1887
Adinotherium ovinum Owen 1846
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Invalid names: Acrotherium kobyi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Acrotherium mutabile Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adinotherium ferum Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adinotherium magister Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adinotherium proximum Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adinotherium robustum Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
Adinotherium splendidum Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Adinotherium antiquum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adinotherium koby Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adinotherium pulchrum Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
G. †Berroia Kraglievich 1931
G. †Gronotherium Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Protoxodon Ameghino 1887 [synonym]
G. †Nesodon Owen 1846
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Nesodon andium Ameghino 1891
Nesodon brachycephalus Ameghino 1894
Nesodon cavifrons Ameghino 1894
Nesodon imbricatus Owen 1846
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Invalid names: Acrotherium intermedium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Acrotherium variegatum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium ligatum Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adelphotherium lutarium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium pumilum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium repandum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium rothi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Adelphotherium trivium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Gronotherium decrepitum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesodon conspurcatus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Nesodon cornutus Scott 1912 [synonym], Nesodon marmoratus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Nesodon oweni Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesodon typicus Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesotherium argentinum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesotherium nehringi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesotherium rufum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Nesotherium studeri Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Protoxodon clemens Fernández and Muñoz 2019 [synonym], Protoxodon henseli Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Protoxodon obliteratus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Protoxodon speciosus Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Protoxodon sullivani Owen 1846 [synonym], Scophotherium cyclops Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Toxodon patagonensis Ameghino 1887 [synonym]
Nesodon limitatum Mercerat 1891
Nesodon taweretus Forasiepi et al. 2015
Invalid names: Acrotherium Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Adelphotherium Ameghino 1887 [synonym]
G. †Phobereotherium Ameghino 1887
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Phobereotherium silvaticum Mercerat 1891
G. †Probereotherium Ameghino 1887
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Probereotherium silvaticum Ameghino 1887
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Pronesodon cristatus Ameghino 1894
Pronesodon robustus Ameghino 1894
Pronesodon vates Ameghino 1902
G. †Rhadinotherium Ameghino 1887
G. †Senodon
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Senodon platyarthrus Ameghino 1894
G. †Xotoprodon Ameghino 1891
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Xotoprodon maximus Ameghino 1891
Xotoprodon solidus Ameghino 1891
G. †Ocnerotherium Pascual 1954
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Ocnerotherium intermedium Pascual 1954
G. †Palaeotoxodon Ameghino 1904
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Invalid names: Palaeotoxodon protoburmeisteri Ameghino 1887 [nomen dubium]
G. †Palyeidodon Roth 1898
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Palyeidodon obtusum Roth 1898
G. †Paratrigodon Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
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Paratrigodon euguii Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
G. †Pisanodon Zetti 1972
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Pisanodon nazari Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
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Invalid names: Palaeotoxodon nazari Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931 [objective synonym]
G. †Posnanskytherium Liendo Lazarte 1943
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Posnanskytherium desaguaderoi Liendo Lazarte 1943
Posnanskytherium inchasense Anaya and MacFadden 1995
Posnanskytherium viscachanense Saint-André 1999
Posnanskytherium viscachanense Saint-André 1999
Posnanskytherium viscachanense Saint-André 1999
G. †Proadinotherium Ameghino 1894
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Proadinotherium angustidens Ameghino 1897
Proadinotherium muensteri Ameghino 1902
Proadinotherium saltoni Shockey and Anaya 2008
G. †Prototrigodon Kraglievich 1930
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Prototrigodon rothi Kraglievich 1930
G. †Stenotephanos Ameghino 1886
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Stenotephanos plicidens Ameghino 1885
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Invalid names: Eutomodus elautus Ameghino 1886 [synonym], Palaeotoxodon virgatus Ameghino 1886 [synonym]
Stenotephanos speciosus Ameghino 1887
G. †Toxodon Owen 1837
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Toxodon antiquus Moreno 1888
Toxodon bilobidens Ameghino 1887
Toxodon chapalmalensis Ameghino 1908
Toxodon darwinii Burmeister 1866
Toxodon excavatus Rovereto 1914
Toxodon expansidens Cope 1885
Toxodon gezi Ameghino 1917
Toxodon giganteus Moreno 1888
Toxodon gracilis Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Toxodon platensis Owen 1837
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Invalid names: Toxodon angustidens Owen 1846 [synonym], Toxodon burmeisteri Giebel 1866 [synonym], Toxodon ensenadensis Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Toxodon gervaisii Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym], Toxodon paradoxus Ameghino 1882 [synonym]
Toxodon protoburmeisteri Ameghino 1887
Toxodon virgatus Ameghino 1886
Subfm. †Toxodontinae Owen 1837
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G. †Andinotoxodon Madden 1997
G. †Calchaquitherium Nasif et al. 2000
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Calchaquitherium mixtum Nasif et al. 2000
G. †Eutomodus Ameghino 1889
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Invalid names: Tomodus Ameghino 1886 [synonym]
G. †Falcontoxodon Carrillo et al. 2018
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Falcontoxodon aguilerai Carrillo et al. 2018
G. †Hoffstetterius Saint-André 1993
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Hoffstetterius imperator Saint-André 1993
G. †Mesenodon Paula Couto 1982
G. †Minitoxodon Paula Couto 1982
G. †Neotoxodon Paula Couto 1982
G. †Nonotherium Castellanos 1942
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Nonotherium hennigi Castellanos 1942
G. †Piauhytherium Guérin and Faure 2013
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Piauhytherium capivarae Guérin and Faure 2013
G. †Xotodon Ameghino 1887
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Xotodon ambrosettii Rovereto 1914
Xotodon caravela Armella et al. 2018
Xotodon catamarcensis Lydekker 1894
Xotodon cristatus Moreno and Mercerat 1891
Xotodon doellojuradoi Frenguelli 1920
Xotodon foricurvatus Ameghino 1885
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Invalid names: Toxodon parvulus Burmeister 1885 [synonym]
Xotodon maimarensis Bonini et al. 2017
Xotodon major Rovereto 1914
Xotodon prominens Ameghino 1889
Xotodon smaltatus Kraglievich 1932
Invalid names: Morphippus corrugatus Ameghino 1899 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Haplodontheriidae Ameghino 1907
+
G. †Abothrodon Paula Couto 1944
+
Abothrodon pricei Paula Couto 1956
G. †Ceratoxodon Ameghino 1907
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Ceratoxodon corniculatus Ameghino 1907
G. †Haplodontherium Ameghino 1885
+
Haplodontherium wildei Ameghino 1885
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Invalid names: Haplodontherium limun Ameghino 1886 [synonym], Toxodon paranensis Ameghino 1883 [synonym], Toxodontherium compressum Ameghino 1883 [synonym], Toxodontherium listai Cozzuol 2006 [synonym], Toxodontherium reverendum Ameghino 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pachynodon Burmeister 1891 [synonym]
G. †Mesotoxodon Paula Couto 1982
G. †Neotrigodon Spillmann 1949
+
Neotrigodon utoquineae Spillman 1949
G. †Plesioxotodon Roth 1902
+
G. †Stereotoxodon Ameghino 1904
+
Stereotoxodon ameghinoi Kraglievich 1930
Stereotoxodon feruglioi Kraglievich 1930
Stereotoxodon patagonicus Kraglievich 1930
Stereotoxodon superbus Kraglievich 1930
Stereotoxodon teheulche Ameghino 1904
G. †Toxodontherium Ameghino 1883
+
Toxodontherium minus Lydekker 1894
G. †Trigodon Ameghino 1882
+
Trigodon gaudryi Ameghino 1887
Trigodon minor Lydekker 1893
G. †Trigodonops Kraglievich 1930
+
Trigodonops lopesi Roxo 1821
Fm. †Homalodotheriidae Gregory 1910
+
G. †Asmodeus Ameghino 1894
+
Asmodeus osborni Ameghino 1894
Asmodeus petrasnerus Seoane and Cerdeño 2014
Asmodeus scotti Ameghino 1894
G. †Asmodus
Subfm. †Chasicotheriinae Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
+
G. †Chasicotherium Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
+
Chasicotherium rothi Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
G. †Homalodotherium Huxley 1870
+
Homalodotherium canepai Bordas 1941
Homalodotherium crassum Ameghino 1894
Homalodotherium excursum Ameghino 1894
Homalodotherium segoviae Ameghino 1891
G. †Trigonolophodon Roth 1903
+
Fm. †Isotemnidae Ameghino 1897
+
G. †Acoelohyrax Ameghino 1902
+
Acoelohyrax coronatus Ameghino 1902
Acoelohyrax sigma Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Plexotemnus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Anisotemnus Ameghino 1902
+
Anisotemnus distentus Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Isotemnus lophiodontoides Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Toxotemnus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Calodontotherium Roth 1903
G. †Coelostylodon Simpson 1970
+
G. †Distylophorus Ameghino 1902
+
Invalid names: Stylophorus Roth 1902 [replaced]
G. †Isotemnus Ameghino 1897
+
Isotemnus ctalego Simpson 1935
Isotemnus haugi Roth 1902
Isotemnus latidens Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Eochalicotherium crassidens Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Eochalicotherium robustum Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Isotemnus apicatus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Isotemnus cuspidatus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Isotemnus enecatus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Isotemnus primitivus Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Amphitemnus nucleatus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Amphitemnus transitorius Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Eochalicotherium cretaceum Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Isotemnus conspiquus Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Trimerostephanos angustus Ameghino 1897 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amphitemnus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Dimerostephanos Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Eochalicotherium Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Isotemnus colhuehuapiensis Ameghino 1902 [nomen vanum], Lelfunia Roth 1902 [synonym], Prostylops Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Prostylops typus Ameghino 1897 [nomen dubium]
G. †Lophocoelus Ameghino 1904
+
Lophocoelus macrostomus Ameghino 1904
G. †Pampatemnus Vucetich and Bond 1982
+
Pampatemnus deuteros Vucetich and Bond 1982
Pampatemnus infernalis Vucetich and Bond 1982
G. †Pleurocoelodon Ameghino 1894
+
Pleurocoelodon cingulatus Ameghino 1894
Pleurocoelodon wingei Ameghino 1894
G. †Pleurostylodon Ameghino 1897
+
Pleurostylodon complanatus Ameghino 1902
+
Invalid names: Pleurostylodon irregularis Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pleurostylodon neglectus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
Pleurostylodon crassiramis Ameghino 1902
Pleurostylodon modicus Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Anchistrum sulcosum Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Dialophus simus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Dimerostephanos attritus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Parastylops coelodus Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Paratemnus geminatus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pleurostylodon divisus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Pleurostylodon limpidus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pleurostylodon obscurus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pleurostylodon plexus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Pleurostylodon sinuosus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Trimerostephanos biconus Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Tychostylops marculus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Pleurostylodon recticrista Ameghino 1904
Pleurostylodon similis Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Coelostylops crassus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Tychostylops simus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anchistrum Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Coelostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Dialophus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Parastylops Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Paratemnus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pleurostylodon bifidus Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Pleurostylodon notabilis Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Porotemnus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Tychostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Rhyphodon Roth 1899
+
Rhyphodon lankesteri Roth 1899
+
Invalid names: Lemudeus proportionalis Roth 1904 [synonym], Pehuenia insigna Roth 1904 [synonym], Pehuenia wehrlii Roth 1902 [synonym], Setebos terribilis Roth 1902 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pehuenia Roth 1902 [synonym], Setebos Roth 1902 [synonym]
G. †Thomashuxleya Ameghino 1901
+
Thomashuxleya externa Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Thomashuxleya artuata Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Thomashuxleya rostrata Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Thomashuxleya robusta Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Trimerostephanos Ameghino 1895
+
Trimerostephanos coalitus Ameghino 1901
Trimerostephanos coarctatus Ameghino 1901
Trimerostephanos scabrus Ameghino 1894
Trimerostephanos scalaris Ameghino 1897
Invalid names: Colhuapia Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Colhuapia rosei Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Colhuelia Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Eurystephanodon crassatus Roth 1903 [nomen dubium], Interhippus deflexus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Lafkenia Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Lafkenia schmidti Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Lafkenia sulcifera Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Pehuenia magna Roth 1904 [nomen dubium], Thomashuxleya principialis Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Trigonolophodon modicus Roth 1904 [nomen dubium]
G. †Nesotherium Mercerat 1891
G. †Noaditherium Ameghino 1907
G. †Periphragnis Roth 1899
+
Periphragnis circunflexus Ameghino 1901
Periphragnis exauctus Ameghino 1902
Periphragnis harmeri Roth 1899
+
Invalid names: Asmodeus armatus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Calodontotherium varietatum Roth 1904 [synonym], Eurystephanodon cattanii Roth 1904 [synonym], Lemudeus angustidens Roth 1904 [synonym], Tehuelia regia Roth 1902 [synonym], Thomashuxleya rankei Roth 1902 [synonym]
Periphragnis palmeri Roth 1904
+
Invalid names: Periphragnis cristatus Roth 1904 [synonym]
Periphragnis vicentei Bradham et al. 2015
Invalid names: Coelodontotherium Roth 1903 [synonym], Lemudeus Roth 1903 [synonym], Proasmodeus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Tehuelia Roth 1902 [synonym]
Fm. †Xotodontidae Ameghino 1889
+
G. †Palaeolithops Ameghino 1891
+
Invalid names: Lithops Ameghino 1887 [replaced]
Invalid names: Atryptheridae Ameghino 1889 [empty], Lithops praevius Ameghino 1887 [nomen dubium], Notohippidae Ameghino 1894 [invalid subgroup], Pachyrucidae Lydekker 1894 [empty], Protoxodontidae Ameghino 1889 [empty], Rhadinotherium limitatum Mercerat 1891 [nomen dubium], Tembotheridae Moreno 1882 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 798.4 kgs
Minimum body mass: 121.26 kgg
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2009-01-05 17:11:49
Modified: 2009-01-05 19:11:49
Source: s = species, g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, MacFadden et al. 1996, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Madden 1997, Vizcaíno et al. 2010

Age range: base of the Ypresian to the top of the Holocene or 56.00000 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (447 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Riochican57.0 - 55.8Argentina (Chubut) Isotemnidae indet. (175728) Isotemnus ctalego, Isotemnidae indet. (14205) Isotemnus sp., Pleurostylodon sp., Isotemnus primitivus (13781)
Riochican - Mustersan57.0 - 42.0Argentina Pleurostylodon sp. (176460)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Argentina (Chubut) Isotemnus sp. (133040)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Argentina (Salta) Pampahippus secundus (176659)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Argentina (Salta) Pampahippus sp. (41712)
Eocene - Oligocene56.0 - 23.03Argentina (Chubut) Pleurostylodon sp., Rhynchippus equinus (38877)
Eocene - Pliocene56.0 - 2.588Brazil (Acre) Toxodontidae indet. (217776 217781)
Casamayoran55.8 - 48.0Argentina (Chubut) Isotemnus primitivus, Pleurostylodon modicus, Prostylops typus, Parastylops coelodus, Thomashuxleya rostrata, Thomashuxleya artuata, Thomashuxleya robusta, Thomashuxleya externa, Isotemnus cuspidatus, Pleurostylodon similis, Pleurostylodon plexus, Pleurostylodon notabilis, Eochalicotherium cretaceum, Acoelohyrax coronatus, Thomashuxleya principialis, Pleurostylodon sinuosus, Pleurostylodon complanatus, Pleurostylodon irregularis, Pleurostylodon limpidus, Pleurostylodon bifidus, Pleurostylodon neglectus (176285) Pleurostylodon obscurus (176283) Pleurostylodon sp. (176304) Pleurostylodon sp., Pleurostylodon similis (49899) Pleurostylodon sp., Thomashuxleya sp. (48176 175743) Thomashuxleya externa, Pleurostylodon similis (39295)
Casamayoran - Mustersan55.8 - 42.0Argentina (Chubut) Leontiniidae indet. (176462)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene55.8 - 37.2Argentina (Chubut) Lelfunia haugi (175735)

Youngest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Panama (Herrera) Mixotoxodon larensis (71278)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Guatemala (Chiquimula) Mixotoxodon larensis (212606)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Toxodon sp. (28519) Toxodon sp., Haplodontheriinae indet., Toxodontinae indet. (147598) Toxodontidae indet. (124715)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Brazil (Bahia) Toxodon platensis (212472) Toxodontidae indet. (212449)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Argentina (Santiago del Estero) Toxodon sp. (216693)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Toxodon platensis (191127)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Brazil (Sergipe) Toxodontinae indet. (147191)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) Toxodontidae indet. (148309)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Bahia) Toxodontinae indet. (147605)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Acre) Toxodontidae indet. (217862 217869)