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Mesotheriidae

Mammalia - Notoungulata - Mesotheriidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1876Mesotheriidae Alston
1889Mesotheriidae Cope p. 876
1949Mesotheriidae Simpson and Minoprio
1962Mesotheriidae Simpson et al.
1988Mesotheriidae Carroll
1993Mesotheriidae MacFadden et al. p. 235
2009Mesotheriidae Shockey et al.
2010Mesotheriidae Reguero and Prevosti
2011Mesotheriidae Billet

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Paenungulatomorpha
—PaenungulataSimpson 1945
—Sudamericungulata
orderNotoungulata
suborderTypotheriaZittel 1892
familyMesotheriidaeAlston 1876
familyMesotheriidaeAlston 1876

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Mesotheriidae Alston 1876
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Subfm. †Mesotheriinae Alston 1876
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G. †Acrotypotherium Rusconi 1936
Tr. †Bolivarini Armella and Deforel 2023
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G. †Altitypotherium Croft et al. 2004
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†Altitypotherium chucalensis Croft et al. 2004
†Altitypotherium paucidens Croft et al. 2004
G. †Eotypotherium Croft et al. 2004
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†Eotypotherium chico Croft et al. 2004
G. †Eutypotherium Roth 1902
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Invalid names: Trachytypotherium rectum Ameghino 1904 [objective synonym], Trachytypotherium vietum Ameghino 1904 [objective synonym]
G. †Microtypotherium Villarroel 1974
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†Microtypotherium choquecotense Villarroel 1974
G. †Rusconitherium Cerdeño et al. 2018
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†Rusconitherium mendocense Simpson and Minoprio 1949
G. †Typotheriopsis Cabrera and Kraglievich 1930
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†Typotheriopsis chasicoensis Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
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Invalid names: Typotheriopsis silveyrai Cabrera 1937 [objective synonym]
†Typotheriopsis internum Ameghino 1891
†Typotheriopsis minimus Cabrera 1939
G. †Bravardia Cattoi 1941
G. †Caraguatypotherium Flynn et al. 2005
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†Caraguatypotherium munozi Flynn et al. 2005
G. †Hypsitherium Anaya and MacFadden 1995
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†Hypsitherium bolivianum Anaya and MacFadden 1995
Tr. †Pampaini Armella and Deforel 2023
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G. †Mesotherium Serres 1867
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†Mesotherium cristatum Serres 1857
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Invalid names: Bravardia pampeana Cattoi 1941 [objective synonym], Entelomorphus rotundatus Ameghino 1889 [objective synonym], Mesotherium angustirostrum Cattoi 1941 [objective synonym], Mesotherium maendrum Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Pseudotypotherium maendrum Ameghino 1887 [objective synonym], Typotherium angustirostrum Cattoi 1941 [synonym], Typotherium eguiai Ameghino 1904 [objective synonym], Typotherium exiguum Ameghino 1887 [objective synonym], Typotherium maendrum Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Typotherium pachygnatum Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym]
Invalid names: Typotherium Bravard 1856 [objective synonym]
G. †Pseudotypotherium Ameghino 1904
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†Pseudotypotherium carlesi Rovereto 1914
†Pseudotypotherium exiguum Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Pseudotypotherium insigne Ameghino 1887 [objective synonym], Pseudotypotherium pulchrum Ameghino 1904 [objective synonym]
†Pseudotypotherium studeri Moreno and Mercerat 1891
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Invalid names: Pseudotypotherium carhuense Cabrera 1937 [objective synonym]
G. †Plesiotypotherium Villarroel 1974
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†Plesiotypotherium achirense Villarroel 1974
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Invalid names: Plesiotypotherium majus Villarroel 1974 [objective synonym]
†Plesiotypotherium casirense Cerdeño et al. 2012
G. †Typothericulus Kraglievich 1930
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†Typothericulus roveretoi Kraglievich 1930
G. †Typotheridion Cabrera 1939
G. †Typotheriodon Cabrera 1939
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Invalid names: Typotheriodon grandis Cabrera 1937 [nomen dubium]
G. †Trachytherus Ameghino 1889
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Trachytherus alloxus Billet et al. 2008
†Trachytherus ramirezi Shockey et al. 2016
†Trachytherus spegazzinianus Ameghino 1889
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Invalid names: Ameghinotherium curuzucuatiense Podestá 1899 [synonym], Anatrachytherus soriai Reguero and Castro 2004 [synonym], Coresodon cancellatus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Eutrachytherus grandis Loomis 1914 [objective synonym], Proedium solitarium Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Trachytherus conturbatus Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
†Trachytherus subandinus Villarroel A. et al. 1994
Invalid names: Ameghinotherium Podestá 1899 [synonym], Anatrachytherus Reguero and Castro 2004 [synonym], Eutrachytherus Ameghino 1897 [objective synonym], Isoproedrium Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Proedium Ameghino 1895 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trachytheriinae Ameghino 1889 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 21.26 kgs
Minimum body mass: 3.52 kgs
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2009-01-05 17:11:49
Modified: 2009-01-05 19:11:49
Source: s = species, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: MacFadden et al. 1996, Croft et al. 2004, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Deseadan to the top of the Lujanian or 29.00000 to 0.01200 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.1 Ma

Collections (109 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Argentina (Chubut) Trachytherus sp. (176201)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Argentina (Chubut) Eutrachytherus spegazzinianus, Coresodon cancellatus, Isoproedrium solitarium, Anatrachytherus soriae, Eutrachytherus grandis (14211) Trachytheriinae indet. (176465) Trachytherus sp., Trachytherus spegazzinianus (146358) Trachytherus spegazzinianus (92670 176647)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Proedium solitarium (50074) Trachytherus spegazzinianus (176269)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Bolivia Trachytherus alloxus (95688)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Bolivia (None) Trachytherus spegazzinianus (13276)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Argentina (Mendoza) Trachytherus spegazzinianus (176466)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Peru (Moquegua) Trachytheriinae indet., Trachytherus sp. (176469) Trachytherus sp. (59940) Trachytherus spegazzinianus (176470)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Argentina (Corrientes) Ameghinotherium curuzucuatiense (176650)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Bolivia (Cochabama) Trachytherus subandinus (176493)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Bolivia (La Paz) Trachytherus alloxus (133596)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Argentina (Río Negro) Mesotheriinae indet. (89093)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Argentina (Mendoza) Eutrachytherus modestus (189519)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Bolivia Mesotheriinae indet., Plesiotypotherium minus (91435)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Bolivia (Potosí) Plesiotypotherium achirense, Plesiotypotherium majus, Microtypotherium choquecotense, Plesiotypotherium minus (68503)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Bolivia (Potosi) Microtypotherium choquecotense (204205)
Santacrucian17.5 - 16.3Argentina (Mendoza) Rusconitherium mendocense (197293) Trachytherus mendocensis, Altitypotherium chucalensis (176472)
Santacrucian17.5 - 16.3Argentina (San Juan) Altitypotherium sp. (197899) M. gen. et sp. nov 2 (197900)
Santacrucian17.5 - 16.3Chile Altitypotherium paucidens, Altitypotherium chucalensis, Eotypotherium chico (103804)
Friasian16.3 - 15.5Argentina (Chubut) Eutypotherium lehmannitschei (207566)
Friasian16.3 - 15.5Argentina (Rio Negro) Eutypotherium sp. 1 (206562) Eutypotherium sp. 2 (206563)
Friasian16.3 - 15.5Chile Eutypotherium sp. (176666)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Bolivia (Potosí) Plesiotypotherium sp. (68402)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Argentina (Salta) Mesotheriinae indet. (206039)
Colloncuran15.5 - 13.8Bolivia (Oruro) Microtypotherium choquecotense (68477)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Argentina (La Pampa) Typotheriopsis chasicoensis (231228)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Bolivia (Tarija) Mesotheriinae indet., Plesiotypotherium minus (38071) Plesiotypotherium minus (133664)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Chile (Parinacota) Caraguatypotherium munozi (63762 144471 197294 197295)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Bolivia (La Paz) M. spp., Plesiotypotherium achirense, Plesiotypotherium majus (90023)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Bolivia (Pacajes) Plesiotypotherium achirense (207055)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Argentina (Catamarca) Plesiotypotherium achirense (202352)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Bolivia (La Paz) Pseudotypotherium sp. (68799)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Argentina (Catamarca) Typotheriopsis internum (139703)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Bolivia (Santa Cruz) Microtypotherium choquecotense (68788)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Argentina (Salta) Typotheriopsis sp. (197784)
Chasicoan10.0 - 9.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Typotheriopsis sp., Typotheriopsis chasicoensis (79180)
Chasicoan10.0 - 9.0Argentina (Tucumán) Mesotheriinae indet. (198237)
Chasicoan10.0 - 9.0Argentina (La Pampa) Typotheriopsis silveyrai (206264)
Chasicoan - Huayquerian10.0 - 5.0Argentina (La Pampa) Pseudotypotherium subinsigne (204494)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Entre Rios) Eutypotherium sp. (55600)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Mesotheriinae indet. (206032) Pseudotypotherium carhuense, Typotheriodon grandis, Typotheriopsis minimus (212302)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Catamarca) Typotheriopsis sp. (157794)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (La Rioja) Pseudotypotherium sp. (55596)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Mendoza) Typotheriopsis silveyrai (231327)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Rio Negro) Typotheriopsis sp. (206564)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (La Pampa) Mesotheriinae indet., Typotheriopsis chasicoensis, Typotheriopsis silveyrai, Pseudotypotherium subinsigne (152061) Pseudotypotherium carhuense (87198) Pseudotypotherium sp. (140925) Pseudotypotherium sp., Typotheriopsis sp. (13778) Pseudotypotherium subinsigne (192135 204361 204363 204598 206031) Typotheriopsis chasicoensis (152063) Typotheriopsis chasicoensis, Pseudotypotherium subinsigne (230751) Typotheriopsis silveyrai, Pseudotypotherium subinsigne (151498 151500)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Argentina (La Pampa) Pseudotypotherium sp. (152067) Pseudotypotherium subinsigne (141939)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Argentina (Buenos Aires) Pseudotypotherium sp. (191766)
Montehermosan5.0 - 3.8Argentina (Mendoza) Pseudotypotherium sp. (189520)
Montehermosan5.0 - 3.8Argentina (Buenos Aires) Pseudotypotherium bravardi, Pseudotypotherium insigne (145757) Pseudotypotherium sp. (61301 152062 152064 152081 152084 152085 152087 152088 198863)
Montehermosan - Chapadmalalan5.0 - 3.0Bolivia (Potosí) Plesiotypotherium achirense (68791)
Montehermosan - Chapadmalalan5.0 - 3.0Argentina (Catamarca) Typotheriopsis internum (157795)
Chapadmalalan4.0 - 3.0Bolivia (Linares) Mesotheriidae indet., Hypsitherium bolivianum (71112)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Argentina (Buenos Aires) Mesotherium cristatum (199160) Pseudotypotherium exiguum (198833) Pseudotypotherium sp. (199155) Typotherium sp. (213136)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Argentina (Buenos Aires) Mesotherium sp. (71304)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Argentina Mesotherium cristatum (213425)
Ensenadan1.75 - 0.4Argentina (General Pueyrredon) Mesotherium cristatum (27905)
Ensenadan1.75 - 0.4Argentina (Buenos Aires) Mesotherium cristatum (140803 147999 151504 189518 199170 212780 226117 226118) Mesotherium sp. (36611)
Ensenadan - Lujanian1.75 - 0.012Argentina Mesotherium cristatum (203949)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Argentina (Córdoba) Mesotherium cristatum (226119)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Buenos Aires) Mesotherium angustirostrum (212842) Mesotherium cristatum (127174)