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Bootherium bombifrons

Mammalia - Bovidae

Taxonomy
Bos bombifrons was named by Harlan (1825).

It was recombined as Ovibos bombifrons by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Bootherium bombifrons by Leidy (1852), Osgood (1905), Hay (1914), Peterson (1926), Frick (1937), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Kirkland et al. (1997) and Albright et al. (2019).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Bos bombifrons Harlan
1828Bos pallasii De Kay
1852Bootherium bombifrons Leidy
1852Bootherium cavifrons Leidy
1852Ovibos cavifrons Leidy
1854Ovibos maximus Richardson
1895Bison appalachicolus Rhoads
1897Ovibos appalachicolus Rhaods
1902Ovibos appalachicolus Hay p. 687
1902Ovibos bombifrons Hay p. 687
1902Ovibos cavifrons Hay p. 687
1905Bootherium bombifrons Osgood
1905Scaphoceros cavifrons Osgood
1905Scaphoceros tyrelli Osgood
1905Symbos tyrelli Osgood
1906Liops zuniensis Gidley p. 166 figs. 1 - 3
1907Gidleya zuniensis Cossmann
1908Symbos australis Brown
1908Symbos tyrelli Gidley
1908Bootherium sargenti Gidley p. 683
1908Symbos tyrelli Gilmore
1912Symbos cavifrons Hay
1913Symbos cavifrons Allen
1914Bootherium bombifrons Hay
1914Symbos cavifrons Hay
1914Symbos tyrelli Hay
1915Bootherium nivicolens Hay p. 523
1915Bootherium sargenti Hay p. 525
1920Symbos promptus Hay p. 125 figs. Plate 6, figs. 9-10; plate S, figs. 1-6.
1923Ovibos appalachicolus Hay
1926Bootherium bombifrons Peterson
1930Symbos cavifrons Hay
1931Symbos cavifrons Barbour
1934Symbos convexifrons Barbour
1937Bootherium bombifrons Frick
1937Ovibos appalachicolus Frick
1937Ovibos giganteus Frick
1937Ovibos zuniensis Frick
1937Symbos cavifrons Frick
1937Symbos tyrelli Frick
1942Bootherium brazosis Hesse
1966Bootherium appalachicolus Ray
1967Bootherium sargenti Wilson p. 221
1967Symbos cavifrons Wilson p. 221
1980Symbos cavifrons Kurten and Anderson p. 332
1980Bootherium bombifrons Kurten and Anderson p. 334
1987Symbos cavifrons Nelson and Madsen, Jr. p. 242
1997Bootherium bombifrons Kirkland, Jr. et al. p. 114
2019Bootherium bombifrons Albright et al. p. 189

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Artiodactylamorpha
Artiodactyla()
Ruminantiamorpha
Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
Pecora()
familyBovidae
genusBootheriumHarlan 1825
speciesbombifrons(Harlan 1825)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Bootherium bombifrons Harlan 1825
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Invalid names: Bison appalachicolus Rhoads 1895 [synonym], Bootherium brazosis Hesse 1942 [synonym], Bootherium nivicolens Hay 1915 [synonym], Bootherium sargenti Gidley 1908 [synonym], Liops zuniensis Gidley 1906 [synonym], Ovibos cavifrons Leidy 1852 [synonym], Ovibos giganteus Frick 1937 [synonym], Scaphoceros tyrelli Osgood 1905 [synonym], Symbos australis Brown 1908 [synonym], Symbos convexifrons Barbour 1934 [synonym], Symbos promptus Hay 1920 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. W. Gidley 1908 (Bootherium sargenti)Size about two-thirds that of Ovibos moschatus, somewhat larger than B. bombifrons; horn-cores comparatively large, well rounded, long and slender; horn-cores at base horizontally directed at right angles to the skull as in Plate LIX, fig. a, but curving downward and forward in graceful semi-spirals, ending in slender anteriorly directed tips (see Plate LIX, fig. b) ; orbits comparatirnly large, depressed below the arching frontals , with thin gently shelving borders, not tubular as in Ovibos. In the general form and contour of the skull and horn-cores this species, together with B. bombifrons,is strikingly different from other knovm species of the Ovibovinae
O. P. Hay 1915 (Bootherium nivicolens)A Pleistocene species of Boötherium which has the exostoses of the horn-cores slightly encroaching on the forehead; horn cores directed strongly outward, only slightly downward and forward.
O. P. Hay 1920 (Symbos promptus)Upper molars with the external styles less strongly developed than in S. cavifrons; the fossettes less angular.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:01:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Irvingtonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 1.80000 to 0.01170 Ma

Collections (38 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (South Carolina) Bootherium bombifrons (80031)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) Symbos cavifrons (93331)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Symbos sp. (107899)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (New Jersey) Bootherium bombifrons (108816)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Indiana) Symbos cavifrons (83062)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (North Carolina) Bootherium bombifrons (108817 108818 108819 108820)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Bootherium bombifrons (77590 207002)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3Canada (Saskatchewan) Bootherium bombifrons (20135)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Idaho) Symbos cavifrons (20160)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Nebraska) Bootherium bombifrons (20347)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Arkansas) Symbos australis (20290)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126USA (Nebraska) Symbos cavifrons (83061) Symbos convexifrons (34382)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Oklahoma) Bootherium bombifrons (93178)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Bootherium bombifrons (93181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Bootherium sargenti (63617) Symbos cavifrons (200645 200646 200647)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Bootherium bombifrons (93332)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (early glacial)0.126 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Bootherium bombifrons (93727)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Alaska) Symbos cavifrons (93555)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Louisiana) Symbos cavifrons (83063)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Utah) Symbos cavifrons (93330)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Canada (Saskatchewan) Symbos cavifrons (20590)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Illinois) Symbos cavifrons (164624) Symbos promptus (93486)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Symbos cavifrons (103358 104697)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Canada (Yukon) Symbos cavifrons (73692)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Bootherium bombifrons (206989)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) Bootherium bombifrons (20569)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Oklahoma) Symbos promptus (216271)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0USA (Utah) Symbos cavifrons (93326)