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Borophagus littoralis

Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae

Taxonomy
Borophagus littoralis was named by VanderHoof (1931). Its type locality is Crocker Springs, which is in a Miocene marine horizon in California.

It was recombined as Osteoborus littoralis by Stirton and VanderHoof (1933), Macdonald (1948) and Richey (1979); it was recombined as Epicyon littoralis by Baskin (1980), Martin and Tedrow (1988) and Munthe (1998); it was synonymized subjectively with Epicyon saevus by Tedford et al. (1987) and Baskin (1998).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1931Borophagus littoralis VanderHoof
1933Osteoborus littoralis Stirton and VanderHoof p. 177
1938Osteoborus diabloensis Richey
1948Osteoborus littoralis Macdonald
1979Osteoborus littoralis Richey
1980Epicyon diabloensis Baskin
1980Epicyon littoralis Baskin
1988Epicyon diabloensis Martin and Tedrow
1988Epicyon littoralis Martin and Tedrow
1998Epicyon diabloensis Baskin
1998Epicyon diabloensis Munthe
1998Epicyon littoralis Munthe
1999Borophagus littoralis Wang et al. p. 267
2008Borophagus littoralis Wang et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Ferae()
CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
familyCanidae
subfamilyBorophaginae
genusBorophagus
specieslittoralis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Borophagus littoralis VanderHoof 1931
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Invalid names: Osteoborus diabloensis Richey 1938 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. A. Stirton and V. L. VanderHoof 1933Rostrum short, frontals not so abruptly elevated from level of nasals as in O. cyonoides, similar to O. littoralis; P2-3 with relatively high median cusps; no anterior and posterior cusps on P2-3 except a vestigial posterior cusp on P3; P1 with one root, P2-3 with two roots; P3 relatively long, and higher than O. cyonoides; talon of M1 similar to that in O. cyonoides and horizontal ramus not so strongly deflected outwardly below p4; p1 not vestigial, but with one root; p2 with two roots; p3 with widely separated roots, relatively high median cusp and no posterior vestigial cusp.