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Bennettitales
Taxonomy
Bennettitales was named by Bessey (1910) [Kenrick and Crane 1997 rank this as a plesion.]. It is not extant.
It was assigned to Gymnospermae by Knowlton (1919); to Cycadopsida by Meyen (1984) and Lapasha and Miller (1985); to Anthophytatae by Kenrick and Crane (1997); to Cycadophyta by Taylor et al. (2008); and to Bennettitopsida by Jud (2011).
It was assigned to Gymnospermae by Knowlton (1919); to Cycadopsida by Meyen (1984) and Lapasha and Miller (1985); to Anthophytatae by Kenrick and Crane (1997); to Cycadophyta by Taylor et al. (2008); and to Bennettitopsida by Jud (2011).
Subtaxa
Amarjolia, Anomozamites, Bennetticarpus, Bennettistemon, Bennettitaceae (syn. Cycadeoideaceae), Bennettitaepollenites, Bennettiteaepollenites, Bennettitolepis, Bysmatospermum, Coreanophyllum, Cycadeospermum, Cycadolepis, Dictyozamites, Guptioxylon, Leguminanthus, Lerouxia, Moltenia, Monanthesia, Nilssoniopteris, Ontheanthus, Ontheostrobus, Otozamites (syn. Otopteris), Palaeanthus, Piroconites, Pseudocycas, Pterophyllum (syn. Osmundites), Ptilophyllum, Purioxylon, Rajmahalia, Sahnioxylon (syn. Homoxylon), Sturiella, Tyrmia, Tysonia, Vardekloeftia, Weltrichia, Wielandiella (syn. Wielandia), Williamsonia, Williamsoniaceae, Williamsonianthus, Williamsoniella (syn. Taeniozamites), Wonnacottia, Zamites
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1910 | Bennettitales Bessey p. 94 |
1919 | Bennettitales Knowlton |
1984 | Bennettitales Meyen p. 90 |
1985 | Bennettitales Lapasha and Miller |
1997 | Bennettitales Kenrick and Crane |
2008 | Bennettitales Taylor et al. p. 1028 |
2011 | Bennettitales Jud |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Bennettitales Bessey 1910
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G. †Anomozamites Schimper 1870
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†Anomozamites acutilobus Heer 1876
†Anomozamites amarjolense Sharma et al. 1971
†Anomozamites crenata McClelland 1850
†Anomozamites egyptiacus Fontaine 1900
†Anomozamites gracilis Nathorst 1876
†Anomozamites haburensis Bose and Banerji 1981
†Anomozamites hasnapurensis Bose and Banerji 1981
†Anomozamites inconstans Goeppert 1867
†Anomozamites jungens Feistmantel 1879
†Anomozamites lindleyanus Schimper 1871
†Anomozamites loczyi Schenk 1884
†Anomozamites minor Kawasaki 1926
†Anomozamites minor Nathorst 1878
†Anomozamites mungyeongensis Kimura and Kim 1988
†Anomozamites schmidtii Heer 1876
†Anomozamites thomasi Harris 1969
†Pterophyllum (Anomozamites) schenki Zeiller 1886
G. †Bennettistemon Harris 1932
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†Bennettistemon amblum Harris 1932
†Bennettistemon valdensis Edwards 1921
Fm. †Bennettitaceae
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G. †Bennettites Carruthers 1870
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†Bennettites dacotensis McBride 1893
†Bennettites saxbyanus Carruthers 1870
G. †Cycadella Ward 1900
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†Cycadella beecheriana Ward 1900
†Cycadella carbonensis Ward 1900
†Cycadella cirrata Ward 1900
†Cycadella compressa Ward 1900
†Cycadella concinna Ward 1900
†Cycadella contracta Ward 1900
†Cycadella crepidaria Ward 1900
†Cycadella exogena Ward 1900
†Cycadella ferruginea Ward 1900
†Cycadella gelida Ward 1900
†Cycadella gravis Ward 1900
†Cycadella jejuna Ward 1900
†Cycadella jurassica Ward 1900
†Cycadella knightii Ward 1900
†Cycadella knowltoniana Ward 1900
†Cycadella nodosa Ward 1900
†Cycadella ramentosa Ward 1900
†Cycadella reedii Ward 1900
†Cycadella utopiensis Ward 1900
†Cycadella verrucosa Ward 1900
†Cycadella wyomingensis Ward 1900
G. †Cycadeoidea Buckland 1828
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†Cycadeoidea aspera Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea bibbinsi Ward 1897
†Cycadeoidea cicatricula Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea clarkiana Ward 1905
†Cycadeoidea colei Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea colossalis Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea dacotensis Ward
†Cycadeoidea dartoni Wieland 1916
†Cycadeoidea emmonsi Fontaine 1883
†Cycadeoidea excelsa Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea fisherae Ward 1905
†Cycadeoidea fontaineana Ward 1897
†Cycadeoidea formosa Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea furcata Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea goucheriana Ward 1897
†Cycadeoidea heliochorea Ward 1900
†Cycadeoidea ingens Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea insoleta Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea jenneyana Ward 1894
†Cycadeoidea marshiana Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea marylandica Fontaine 1889
†Cycadeoidea mcbridei Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea mcgeeana Ward 1897
†Cycadeoidea megalophylla Buckland 1828
†Cycadeoidea minima Ward 1900
†Cycadeoidea minnekahtensis Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea mirabilis Lesquereux 1875
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Invalid names: Cycadeoidea zamiostrobus Solms 1892 [synonym]
†Cycadeoidea munita Cragin 1889
†Cycadeoidea nana Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea nigra Ward 1900
†Cycadeoidea occidentalis Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea paynei Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea protea Ward 1900
†Cycadeoidea pulcherrima Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea reticulata Ward 1900
†Cycadeoidea rhombica Ward 1900
†Cycadeoidea stantoni Ward 1905
†Cycadeoidea stillwelli Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea superba Ward 1900
†Cycadeoidea turrita Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea tysoniana Ward 1897
†Cycadeoidea uddeni Wieland 1916
†Cycadeoidea uhleri Ward 1897
†Cycadeoidea wellsii Ward 1898
†Cycadeoidea wielandi Ward 1899
Invalid names: Cycadeoideaceae [synonym]
G. †Bennettitaepollenites Lima 1971
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†Bennettitaepollenites minimus Singh 1971
†Bennettitaepollenites regaliae Dino 1994
G. †Cycadeospermum Saporta 1874
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†Cycadeospermum acutum Fontaine 1889
†Cycadeospermum angustum Fontaine 1889
†Cycadeospermum californicum Fontaine 1905
†Cycadeospermum columnare Lesquereux 1891
†Cycadeospermum hettangense Saporta 1874
†Cycadeospermum indicum Gupta 1954
†Cycadeospermum lineatum Lesquereux 1891
†Cycadeospermum marylandicum Berry 1911
†Cycadeospermum montanense Fontaine 1905
†Cycadeospermum obovatum Fontaine 1889
†Cycadeospermum oregonense Fontaine 1905
†Cycadeospermum ovatum Fontaine 1905
†Cycadeospermum rotundatum Fontaine 1889
†Cycadeospermum spatulatum Fontaine 1889
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Invalid names: Cycadeospermum ellipticum Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Cycadeospermum wanneri Fontaine 1900
G. †Cycadolepis Saporta 1875
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†Cycadolepis coriacea Villar de Seoane 2001
†Cycadolepis indica Gupta 1954
†Cycadolepis involuta Menéndez 1966
†Cycadolepis oldhamii Feistmantel 1877
†Cycadolepis pilosa Feistmantel 1876
†Cycadolepis villosa Saporta 1875
G. †Dictyozamites Oldham 1863
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†Dictyozamites falcatus Morris 1863
†Dictyozamites feistmantelii Bose and Zeba-Bano 1978
†Dictyozamites gondwanensis Sukh-Dev and Rajanikanth 1988
†Dictyozamites hallei Sahni and Rao 1933
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Invalid names: Dictyozamites bagjoriensis Jacob 1951 [synonym]
†Dictyozamites indicus Feistmantel 1876
†Dictyozamites sahnii Gupta and Sharma 1968
G. †Guptioxylon Sharma 1969
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†Guptioxylon amarjolense Sharma 1969
†Guptioxylon endocentrica Sharma 1972
G. †Leguminanthus Kraeusel and Schaarschmidt 1966
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†Leguminanthus siliquosus Kraeusel and Schaarschmidt 1966
G. †Nilssoniopteris Nathorst 1909
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†Nilssoniopteris tenuinervis Nathorst 1909
†Nilssoniopteris variabilis Bose and Banerji 1984
G. †Otozamites Braun 1843
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†Otozamites acutifolius Feistmantel 1879
†Otozamites angustatus Feistmantel 1877
†Otozamites archangelskyi Baldoni and Taylor 1983
†Otozamites bengalensis Oldham 1863
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Invalid names: Otozamites abbreviatus Feistmantel 1877 [synonym]
†Otozamites bornholmensis Möller 1902
†Otozamites brevifolius Braun 1843
†Otozamites exhislopi Bose 1974
†Otozamites giganteus Thomas 1911
†Otozamites gondwanensis Bose 1974
†Otozamites hislopii Oldham 1877
†Otozamites imbricatus Feistmantel 1876
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Invalid names: Otozamites oldhami Feistmantel 1877 [synonym]
†Otozamites kachchhensis Bose and Banerji 1984
†Otozamites latior Saporta 1873
†Otozamites macombii Newberry 1859
†Otozamites micrauritus Kimura and Kim 1988
†Otozamites obtusus Lindley and Hutton 1834
†Otozamites oregonensis Fontaine 1905
†Otozamites parallelus Feistmantel 1879
†Otozamites patagonicus Villar de Seoane 2001
†Otozamites pterophylloides Brongniart 1870
†Otozamites vemavaramensis Bose and Jain 1967
†Otozamites walkamotaensis Bose and Zeba-Bano 1981
Invalid names: Otopteris Lindley and Hutton 1834 [synonym]
G. †Pseudocycas Nathorst 1907
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†Pseudocycas douglasii Lapasha and Miller 1985
†Pseudocycas insignis Nathorst 1907
G. †Pterophyllum Brongniart 1828
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†Pterophyllum aequale Brongniart 1825
†Pterophyllum affine Nathorst 1879
†Pterophyllum alaskense Fontaine 1905
†Pterophyllum astartense Harris 1932
†Pterophyllum bavieri Zeiller 1902
†Pterophyllum brevipenne Kurr 1845
†Pterophyllum burdwanense McClelland 1850
†Pterophyllum cheondaeriense Kimura and Kim 1989
†Pterophyllum compressum Lundblad 1950
†Pterophyllum contiguum Schenk 1883
†Pterophyllum ctenoides Oishi 1932
†Pterophyllum exhibens Lee 1964
†Pterophyllum footeanum Feistmantel 1879
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Invalid names: Zamites proximus Feistmantel 1876 [synonym]
†Pterophyllum fragile Newberry 1876
†Pterophyllum inaequale Fontaine 1883
†Pterophyllum incisum Sahni and Rao 1933
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Invalid names: Pterophyllum bifurcatum Suryanarayana 1955 [synonym]
†Pterophyllum karkatiensis Vimal and Singh 1968
†Pterophyllum kingianum Feistmantel 1877
†Pterophyllum lepidum Heer 1874
†Pterophyllum longifolium Brongniart 1828
†Pterophyllum lowryanum Ward 1905
†Pterophyllum medlicottianum Oldham and Morris 1863
†Pterophyllum micraequale Kimura and Kim 1988
†Pterophyllum minus Brongniart 1825
†Pterophyllum montanense Fontaine 1892
†Pterophyllum morrisianum Oldham 1863
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Invalid names: Pterophyllum carterianum Oldham 1863 [synonym], Pterophyllum falconerianum Morris 1863 [synonym]
†Pterophyllum nathorsti Schenk 1883
†Pterophyllum nerbuddaicum Feistmantel 1877
†Pterophyllum princeps Oldham and Morris 1862
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Invalid names: Nilssonia crassum Morris 1863 [synonym], Taeniopteris lata Oldham 1863 [synonym], Taeniopteris musaefolia Oldham 1863 [synonym]
†Pterophyllum propinquum Göppert 1844
†Pterophyllum rajmahalense Morris 1863
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Invalid names: Nilssonia bindrabunensis Seward and Sahni 1920 [synonym]
†Pterophyllum sahnii Lele 1956
†Pterophyllum santajuanensis Nielsen 2005
†Pterophyllum sinensis Lee 1964
†Pterophyllum subaequale Hartz 1896
†Pterophyllum taylorsvillensis Ward 1900
†Pterophyllum thomasi Harris 1952
†Pterophyllum tietzei Schenk 1887
†Pterophyllum trichomatosum Villar de Seoane 2001
†Pterophyllum trilobatum Lesquereux 1875
†Pterophyllum xiphipterum Harris 1932
Invalid names: Osmundites Jaeger 1827 [synonym]
G. †Ptilophyllum Morris 1840
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†Ptilophyllum acutifolium Morris 1840
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Invalid names: Palaeozamia acutifolium Morris 1863 [synonym], Palaeozamia rigida Oldham 1863 [synonym], Zamia theobaldii McClelland 1850 [synonym]
†Ptilophyllum amarjolense Bose 1953
†Ptilophyllum antarcticum Archangelsky and Baldoni 1972
†Ptilophyllum cutchense Morris 1840
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Invalid names: Otozamites contiguus Feistmantel 1876 [synonym], Palaeozamia affinis Morris 1863 [synonym], Palaeozamia cutchensis Morris 1863 [synonym], Ptilophyllum brachyphyllum Feistmantel 1876 [synonym], Zamia indica McClelland 1850 [synonym]
†Ptilophyllum deodikarii Mahabale and Satyanarayana 1979
†Ptilophyllum distanse Feistmantel 1877
†Ptilophyllum gladiatum Bose and Sukh-Dev 1958
†Ptilophyllum guptae Sharma 1967
†Ptilophyllum horridum Roy 1967
†Ptilophyllum indicum Jacob and Jacob 1954
†Ptilophyllum institacallum Bose 1959
†Ptilophyllum jabalpurense Jacob and Jacob 1954
†Ptilophyllum menendezii Cantrill 2000
†Ptilophyllum muelleri Ettingshausen 1886
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Invalid names: Anomozamites muelleri Ettingshausen 1886 [synonym]
†Ptilophyllum nipanica Vishnu-Mittre 1957
†Ptilophyllum oldhamii Jacob and Jacob 1954
†Ptilophyllum pecten Phillips 1829
†Ptilophyllum pectiniformis Sternberg 1823
†Ptilophyllum raghudevapurense Mahabale and Satyanarayana 1979
†Ptilophyllum rarinervis Feistmantel 1879
†Ptilophyllum rewaensis Sukh-Dev and Zeba-Bano 1977
†Ptilophyllum sahnii Gupta and Sharma 1968
†Ptilophyllum sakrigaliensis Sah 1958
†Ptilophyllum sparsifolium Sharma 1967
†Ptilophyllum tenerrimum Feistmantel 1877
†Ptilophyllum valvatum Villar de Seoane 2001
G. †Sahnioxylon Bose and Sah 1954
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†Sahnioxylon andrewsii Bose and Sah 1954
†Sahnioxylon rajmahalense Sahni 1932
Invalid names: Homoxylon Sahni 1932 [replaced]
G. †Tysonia Fontaine 1889
G. †Weltrichia Braun 1843
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†Weltrichia harrisiana Bose and Banerji 1984
†Weltrichia mirabilis Braun 1847
†Weltrichia santalensis Sharma 1983
†Weltrichia singhii Bose 1967
G. †Wielandiella Nathorst 1910
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†Wielandiella angustifolia Nathorst 1909
Invalid names: Wielandia Nathorst 1909 [replaced]
G. †Williamsonia Carruthers 1870
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†Williamsonia amarjolense Sharma 1968
†Williamsonia blanfordii Feistmantel 1876
†Williamsonia campanulatiformis Sharma 1969
†Williamsonia delawarensis Berry 1907
†Williamsonia elocata Lesquereux 1891
†Williamsonia gallinacea Ward 1905
†Williamsonia gigas Lindley and Hutton 1831
†Williamsonia guptae Sharma 1968
†Williamsonia harrisiana Bose 1968
†Williamsonia indica Seward 1917
†Williamsonia kakadbhitensis Bose and Banerji 1984
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Invalid names: Carnoconites laxum Srivastava 1946 [replaced], Strobilites pascoei Sahni 1928 [replaced]
†Williamsonia marylandica Berry 1914
†Williamsonia microps Feistmantel 1877
†Williamsonia oregonensis Fontaine 1905
†Williamsonia phoenicopsoides Ward 1899
†Williamsonia recentior Dawson 1885
†Williamsonia riesii Hollick 1892
†Williamsonia sahnii Gupta 1943
†Williamsonia santalensis Sitholey and Bose 1953
†Williamsonia seniana Bose and Kasat 1969
†Williamsonia sewardiana Sahni 1932
†Williamsonia smockii Newberry 1895
†Williamsonia sukhpurensis Bose and Banerji 1984
†Williamsonia texana Fontaine 1893
†Williamsonia trambauensis Bose and Banerji 1984
†Williamsonia virginiensis Fontaine 1889
G. †Williamsonianthus Kraeusel and Schaarschmidt 1966
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†Williamsonianthus keuperianus Kraeusel and Schaarschmidt 1966
G. †Williamsoniella Thomas 1915
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†Williamsoniella coronata Thomas 1915
Invalid names: Taeniozamites Harris 1932 [synonym]
G. †Zamites Brongniart 1828
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†Carpolithes (Zamites) meridionalis Dawson 1893
†Zamites acutipennis Heer 1872
†Zamites alaskana Fontaine 1888
†Zamites apertus Newberry 1891
†Zamites arcticus Göppert 1863
†Zamites bayeri Kvacek 1997
†Zamites borealis Heer 1873
†Zamites brevipennis Heer 1899
†Zamites californica MacGinitie 1941
†Zamites crassinervis Fontaine 1889
†Zamites distantinervis Fontaine 1889
†Zamites gigas Lindley and Hutton 1831
†Zamites graminioides Emmons 1856
†Zamites montana Dawson 1885
†Zamites occidentalis Newberry 1859
†Zamites pennsylvanicus Fontaine 1900
†Zamites powelli Fontaine 1890
†Zamites tenuinervis Fontaine 1905
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Invalid names: Zamia washingtoniana Ward 1895 [synonym], Zamites subfalcatus Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Zamites truncatus Zeiller 1903
†Zamites velderi Brown 1911
†Zamites vogesiacus Schimper and Mougeot 1844
†Zamites yorkensis Fontaine 1900
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available