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Alioramus remotus

Reptilia - Tyrannosauridae

Taxonomy
Alioramus remotus was named by Kurzanov (1976). Its type specimen is PIN 3141/1, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Nogon Tsav (PIN 3141) [SMPE/SMGE], which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial siliciclastic in the Beds of Nogon Tsav Formation of Mongolia. It is the type species of Alioramus. It was considered monophyletic by Currie (2000).

Synonyms
  • Alioramus altai was named by Brusatte et al. (2009). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Tsagan Hushu [IGM], which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Alioramus remotus by Carr (2023).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1976Alioramus remotus Kurzanov p. 94 figs. 1-9
1977Alioramus remotus Perle p. 111
1986Alioramus remotus Gauthier p. 9
1988Alioramus remotus Paul p. 327
1990Alioramus remotus Molnar et al. p. 190
1991Alioramus remotus Molnar p. 166
1991Alioramus remotus Weishampel et al. p. 209
1992Alioramus remotus Currie p. 246
1997Alioramus remotus Barsbold p. 448
1997Alioramus remotus Osmólska p. 472
1997Alioramus remotus Vickaryous and Ryan p. 488
1999Alioramus remotus Knoll et al. p. 105
2000Alioramus remotus Currie p. 448
2001Alioramus remotus Holtz, Jr. pp. 68-69 fig. 7.2
2003Alioramus remotus Currie p. 654
2003Alioramus remotus Currie et al. p. 231
2003Alioramus remotus Rauhut p. 43
2004Alioramus remotus Holtz, Jr. p. 113
2009Alioramus altai Brusatte et al. p. 17261 figs. 1-3
2009Alioramus altai Brusatte and et al.
2010Alioramus altai Carr p. 1220
2011Alioramus altai Carr et al.
2011Alioramus remotus Carr et al.
2011Alioramus altai Fowler et al. p. 3
2011Alioramus altai Hone et al. p. 495
2011Alioramus remotus Hone et al. p. 501
2012Alioramus altai Bell et al. p. 188
2012Alioramus remotus Bell et al. p. 188
2013Alioramus altai Dalman p. 241
2013Alioramus altai Poropat and Kear p. 105
2013Alioramus altai Thomson et al. p. 71
2013Alioramus remotus Thomson et al. p. 71
2014Alioramus altai Hendrickx and Mateus p. 29
2014Alioramus altai Lü et al.
2014Alioramus remotus Lü et al.
2017Alioramus remotus Carr et al. p. 9s
2017Alioramus altai Carr et al. p. 16s
2018Alioramus altai Frederickson et al. p. 6
2018Alioramus altai McDonald et al. p. 2
2018Alioramus remotus McDonald et al. p. 2
2019Alioramus altai Brougham et al. p. 13

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
RankNameAuthor
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
superfamilyTyrannosauroidea
familyTyrannosauridae
subfamilyTyrannosaurinae
genusAlioramus
speciesremotus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Alioramus remotus Kurzanov 1976
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Invalid names: Alioramus altai Brusatte 2009 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
S. L. Brusatte et al. 2009 (Alioramus altai)A. altai is a tyrannosaurid theropod possessing the following autapomorphies: an accessory pneumatic fenestra posterodorsal to promaxillary fenestra of maxilla; enlarged and elongated maxillary fenestra (length:depth ratio of 1.9); a laterally projecting horn on the jugal; a thick ridge on the dorsal surface of the ectopterygoid; a palatine pneumatic recess extending posteriorly beyond the posterior margin of the vomeropterygoid process; 20 dentary alveoli; an anteroposteriorly elongate anterior mylohyoid foramen of the splenial; a thin epipophysis on the atlantal neurapophysis that terminates at a sharp point; a pneumatic pocket on the anterior surface of the cervical transverse processes; an external pneumatic foramina on the dorsal ribs; and an anterodorsally inclined midline ridge on the lateral surface of the ilium. Many of these features are present on elements not preserved in the holotype of A. remotus (see SI Text).
A. altai is distinguished from the holotype of A. remotus, which is at approximately the same ontogenetic stage judging by the slight 3% difference in reconstructed skull length between the two specimens, by: s.c. flange on maxilla (the lateral surface of the maxilla extends dorsally to form a narrow slot between itself and the antorbital fossa below the ventral margin of the antorbital fenestra, which is absent in A. remotus); three less-developed rugosities on the nasal (as opposed to six more-prominent rugosities in A. remotus); an anterior process of quadratojugal terminates posterior to the anterior margin of the lateral temporal fenestra; a squamosal anterior process that extends anterior to the anterior margin of the lateral temporal fenestra; and an epipterygoid not bifurcated ventrally. A. altai also possesses three differences with A. remotus that are size-related in other tyrannosaurids but may be significant given the similar size of the holotypes: 17 maxillary and 20 dentary alveoli (16 and 18, respectively, in A. remotus); a single dorsoventral groove between the basal tubera (groove bifurcated by ridge in A. remotus); and a tapering anterior process of the parietals overlapping frontals on the midline (larger, rectangular process in A. remotus).

Although representing a juvenile animal (see Histological and Ontogenetic Analysis), the holotype of A. altai can be distinguished from juveniles of the contemporary Tarbosaurus by numerous characters. Namely, Tarbosaurus subadults have a deeper maxilla, a deeper tooth-bearing region of the maxilla, fewer teeth anterior to the antorbital fossa, a rounder maxillary fenestra, more closely spaced maxillary and promaxillary fenestrae, low and indistinct lacrimal horns, low nasal rugosities, a larger postorbital horn, and a considerably lower tooth count in the maxilla and dentary (11, 12).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range: Maastrichtian or 72.10000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (2 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mongolia (Bayankhongor) Alioramus remotus (type locality: 91909)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mongolia (Omnogov) Alioramus altai (113009)