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Tetrapulmonata

Arachnida

Taxonomy
Tetrapulmonata was named by Schultz (1990). It is extant.

It was assigned to Pantetrapulmonata by Shultz (2007) and Garwood and Dunlop (2014).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1990Tetrapulmonata Schultz
2007Tetrapulmonata Shultz
2014Tetrapulmonata Garwood and Dunlop p. 22

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
—Deuteropoda
subphylumChelicerataHeymons 1901
RankNameAuthor
—EuchelicerataWeygoldt and Paulus 1979
—Prosomapoda
—Planaterga
—Dekatriata
—SclerophorataKamenz et al. 2011
classArachnidaLamarck 1801
—Pantetrapulmonata
subclassTetrapulmonataSchultz 1990
subclassTetrapulmonataSchultz 1990

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. Tetrapulmonata Schultz 1990
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G. †Eocteniza Pocock 1911
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†Eocteniza silvicola Pocock 1911
G. †Protocteniza Petrunkevitch 1949
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†Protocteniza britannica Petrunkevitch 1949
G. †Rakovnicia Kušta 1885
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†Rakovnicia antiqua Kušta 1885
Unr. Schizotarsata Shultz 2007
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Or. †Haptopoda Pocock 1911
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Fm. †Plesiosironidae Pocock 1911
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G. †Plesiosiro Pocock 1911
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†Plesiosiro madeleyi Pocock 1911
Unr. Pedipalpi Borner 1904
+
Or. Amblypygi Thorell 1883 [whip spider]
+
Subor. Euamblypygi Weygoldt 1996
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G. †Sorellophrynus Harvey 2002
+
Invalid names: Protophrynus Petrunkevitch 1913 [replaced]
Unr. Unidistitarsata Engel and Grimaldi 2014
Subor. Paleoamblypygi Weygoldt 1996
+
Fm. Paracharontidae Weygoldt 1996
Fm. †Weygoldtinidae Dunlop 2018
Invalid names: Paracharontoidea Weygoldt 1996 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Thelyphrynus Petrunkevitch 1913
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†Thelyphrynus elongatus Petrunkevitch 1913
Invalid names: Phrynus fossilis Keferstein 1834 [nomen dubium]
Or. Thelyphonida Latreille 1804 [whip scorpion]
+
G. †Burmathelyphonia Wunderlich 2015
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†Burmathelyphonia prima Wunderlich 2015
G. †Parageralinura Tetlie and Dunlop 2008
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†Parageralinura marsiglioi Selden et al. 2016
†Parageralinura naufraga Brauckmann and Koch 1983
†Parageralinura neerlandica Laurentiaux-Viera and Laurentiaux 1961
G. †Proschizomus Dunlop and Horrocks 1996
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†Proschizomus petrunkevitchi Dunlop and Horrocks 1996
Or. Schizomida Petrunkevitch 1945 [short-tailed whip-scorpion]
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Fm. †Calcitronidae Petrunkevitch 1945
Fm. Hubbardiidae Cook 1899
Fm. Protoschizomidae Rowland 1975
Fm. Thelyphonidae Lucas 1835
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G. †Crethypoctonus Zhou et al. 2023
G. †Geralinura Scudder 1884
G. †Mesoproctus Dunlop 1998
Subfm. Thelyphoninae Lucas 1835
G. Thelyphonus Latreille 1802
Or. Uropygi Thorell 1882 [whip scorpion]
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G. †Prothelyphonus Fritsch 1904
Unr. Serikodiastida Garwood and Dunlop 2014
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Or. Araneae Clerck 1757 [spider]
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G. †Amphiclotho Gourret 1887
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†Amphiclotho breviuscula Gourret 1887
G. †Amphithomisus Gourret 1887
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†Amphithomisus barbatus Gourret 1887
G. †Araneaovoius Dunlop and Braddy 2011
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†Araneaovoius columbiae Scudder 1878
G. †Argyrarachne Selden 1999
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†Argyrarachne solitus Selden 1999
G. †Atocatle Feldmann et al. 1998
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†Atocatle ranulfoi Feldmann et al. 1998
G. †Cercidiella Gourret 1887
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†Cercidiella aquisextana Gourret 1887
G. †Clubionella Gourret 1887
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†Clubionella antiqua Gourret 1887
G. †Eresoides Gourret 1887
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†Eresoides orbicularis Gourret 1887
G. †Herselioides Gourret 1887
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Subor. Mesothelae
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Fm. †Arthrolycosidae Fritsch 1904
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G. †Arthrolycosa Harger 1874
G. †Protolycosa Roemer 1866
Fm. †Arthromygalidae Petrunkevitch 1923
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G. †Arthromygale Petrunkevitch 1923
G. †Geralycosa Kušta 1889
Fm. †Burmathelidae Wunderlich 2017
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G. †Burmathele Wunderlich 2017
Fm. †Cretaceothelidae Wunderlich 2017
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G. †Cretaceothele Wunderlich 2015
G. †Eolycosa Kušta 1886
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†Eolycosa lorenzi Kušta 1886
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Invalid names: Scudderia carbonaria Kušta 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Kustaria Petrunkevitch 1953 [synonym], Scudderia Kušta 1889 [synonym]
Fm. †Eomesothelidae Wunderlich 2019
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G. †Eomesothele Wunderlich 2019
G. †Intermesothele Wunderlich 2019
Fm. †Palaeothelidae Selden 2021
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G. †Palaeothele Selden 2000
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Invalid names: Eothele Selden 1996 [replaced]
Fm. †Parvithelidae Wunderlich 2017
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G. †Parvithele Wunderlich 2017
G. †Pulvillothele Wunderlich 2017
Invalid names: Liphistiidae Thorell 1869 [empty]
G. Mygale Latreille 1802
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†Mygale ambigua Gourret 1887
G. †Opisthophylax Menge 1856
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†Opisthophylax exarata Menge 1856
Subor. Opisthothelae Pocock 1892
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Infraor. Araneomorphae Smith 1902
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G. †Elvina Thorell 1870
Unr. Entelegynae Simon 1893
Fm. Filistatidae Ausserer 1867 [crevice weaver]
Fm. †Gigarachnidae Jiang and Li 2020
Fm. Leptonetidae Simon 1890 [leptonetid spider]
Superfm. Leptonetoidea Simon 1890
Fm. †Megasetidae Wunderlich 2021
Fm. †Mongolarachnidae Selden et al. 2013
Superfm. Palpimanoidea Forster and Platnick 1984
Fm. †Pilosarachnidae Jiang and Li 2020
Unr. Synspermiata Michalik and Ramírez 2014
G. †Taubaracna Martine et al. 2023
G. †Triassaraneus Selden 1999
Invalid names: Araneoclada Platnick 1977 [invalid subgroup], Haplogynae Simon 1893 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Eoatypus McCook 1888
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†Eoatypus woodwardii McCook 1888
Infraor. Mygalomorphae Pocock 1892
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G. †Ambiortiphagus Eskov and Zonshtein 1990
Superfm. Atypoidea Thorell 1870
Superfm. Avicularioidea Simon 1874
G. †Cretohexura Eskov and Zonshtein 1990
G. †Cretomegahexura Eskov and Zonshtein 1990
G. †Friularachne Dalla Vecchia and Selden 2013
Unr. Rastelloidina Raven 1985
G. †Palaranea Frič 1873
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+
Invalid names: Arthrolycosa palaranea Fritsch 1904 [objective synonym]
G. †Paralycosa Dunlop and Jekel 2009
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†Paralycosa attiformis Gourret 1887
Invalid names: Protolycosa Gourret 1887 [replaced]
G. †Prodysdera Gourret 1887
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†Prodysdera intermedia Gourret 1887
G. †Protochersis Gourret 1887
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†Protochersis spinosus Gourret 1887
G. †Protolachesis Gourret 1887
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†Protolachesis annulata Gourret 1887
G. †Pseudothomisus Gourret 1887
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G. †Pyritaranea Fritsch 1899
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†Pyritaranea tubifera Fritsch 1899
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Invalid names: Eopholcus pedatus Fritsch 1904 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eopholcus Fritsch 1904 [synonym]
G. †Schellenbergia Heer 1864
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G. †Timeropus Thorell 1891
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†Timeropus hersiliformis Gourret 1887
Invalid names: Lycosoides Gourret 1887 [replaced]
Invalid names: Amaurobius faustus Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Amaurobius rimosus Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Amaurobius spinimanus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Anatone Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Anatone marginata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Anatone spinipes Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Archaea incomta Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Archaea sphinx Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Athera Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Athera exilis Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Auximus fossilis Petrunkevitch 1950 [nomen dubium], Auximus succini Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Clubiona eseri Heer 1864 [nomen nudum], Clubiona latifrons Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Clythia Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Clythia alma Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Clythia gracilenta Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Clythia leptocarena Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Corynitoides Dunlop and Jekel 2009 [nomen dubium], Corynitoides spinosa Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Corynitoides undulata Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Dielacata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Dielacata superba Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Drassus oblongus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Dysdera glabrata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Dysdera hippopodium Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Dysdera scobiculata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eocryphoeca distincta Petrunkevitch 1950 [nomen dubium], Eocryphoeca fossilis Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Eometa aberrans Petrunkevitch 1958 [nomen dubium], Eometa robusta Petrunkevitch 1958 [nomen dubium], Epeira eogena Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Epeiridion Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Epeiridion femoratum Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Erithus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Erithus applanatus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ero coronata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ero exculpta Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ero quadripunctata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ero setulosa Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Eyukselus Özdikmen 2007 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus argutus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus felinus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus griseus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus latifrons Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus pumilus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Heteromma intersecta Menge 1856 [nomen nudum], Idmonia Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Idmonia virginea Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Laterigradae Thorell [empty], Melanophora lepida Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Melanophora nitida Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Memoratrix Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Memoratrix rydei Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Micaria ovata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Micaria squamata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Micaria tenuis Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Micryphantes globulus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Micryphantes turritus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Miropholcus Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Miropholcus heteropus Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Mizalia truncata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ocypete angustifrons Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ocypete marginata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Onca Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Onca lepida Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Onca pumila Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Perturbator Petrunkevitch 1971 [nomen dubium], Perturbator corniger Petrunkevitch 1971 [nomen dubium], Phalangopus Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Phalangopus subtilis Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Philodromus griseus Menge 1856 [nomen nudum], Philodromus redrogradus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Philodromus reptans Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Pyritaraneidae Petrunkevitch 1953 [invalid subgroup], Pythonissa bipunctata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Pythonissa discophora Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Pythonissa glabra Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Pythonissa villosa Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Retitelariae Thorell [empty], Saltigradae Latreille [empty], Segestria exarata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Segestria undulata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Siga Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Siga crinita Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Spheconia Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Spheconia brevipes Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Syphax hirtus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Thomisus matutinus Menge 1856 [nomen nudum], Thyelia pectinata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Thyelia spinosa Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Tubitelariae Thorell [empty], Zilla cornumana Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Zilla spinipalpa Menge 1854 [nomen nudum]
Or. Araneida Clerck 1757
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Subor. †Chimerarachnida Wunderlich 2018
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Fm. †Chimerarachnidae Wunderlich 2019
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G. †Chimerarachne Wang et al. 2018
G. †Parachimerarachne Wunderlich 2022
G. †Idmonarachne Garwood et al. 2016
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†Idmonarachne brasieri Garwood et al. 2016
Or. †Uraraneida Selden and Shear 2008 [spider]
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G. †Attercopus Selden and Shear 1991
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†Attercopus fimbriunguis Shear et al. 1987
Fm. †Permarachnidae Eskov and Selden 2005
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G. †Permarachne Eskov and Selden 2005
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†Permarachne novokshonovi Eskov and Selden 2005
G. †Xenarachne Dunlop and Poschmann 1997
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†Xenarachne willwerathensis Dunlop and Poschmann 1997
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: chitinc
Grouping: solitaryc
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 09:55:58
Modified: 2017-04-17 09:55:58
Source: c = class
Reference: Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Holocene or 409.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 402.5 Ma

Collections (369 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Germany Xenarachne willwerathensis (155775)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7USA (New York) Attercopus fimbriungus (28295)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (New York) Attercopus fimbriunguis (28246)
Marsdenian321.3 - 320.0Germany (Ruhr) Prothelyphonus naufragus (110939)
Westphalian A318.7 - 316.9Netherlands (Limburg) Parageralinura neerlandica (217351)
Westphalian A318.7 - 316.9Poland Protolycosa anthracophila (147006)
Westphalian A318.7 - 316.9United Kingdom (Lancashire) Geralinura britannica (172765)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6United Kingdom (England) Geralinura britannica (127218) Graeophonus anglicus, Plesiosiro madeleyi (125238)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6United Kingdom (Staffordshire) Graeophonus anglicus, Plesiosiro madeleyi, Arthrolycosa sp. (34908) Graeophonus anglicus, Plesiosiro madeleyi, Geralinura britannica (34906) Graeophonus anglicus, Proschizomus petrunkevitchi, Geralinura britannica, Plesiosiro madeleyi, Eocteniza silvicola (34907) Plesiosiro madeleyi (34910 155449) Protocteniza britannica, Graeophonus anglicus (34935)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6Belgium Protophrynus carbonarius (155636)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0Czech Republic (Central Bohemian) Rakovnicia antiqua, Scudderia carbonaria, Eolycosa lorenzi, Arthrolycosa beecheri, Arthrolycosa fortis, Geralycosa fritschi, Geralinura crassa, Geralinura noctua, Geralinura scudderi, Thelyphonus bohemicus (126152)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0Czech Republic (Pilsen) Eopholcus pedatus, Pyritaranea tubifera (128574)
Westphalian C314.6 - 309.8Russian Federation Arthrolycosa sp. B (149705)
Westphalian C314.6 - 309.8Czech Republic Palaranea borassifoliae (148208) Prothelyphonus cordai (146851)
Westphalian C314.6 - 309.8United Kingdom Graeophonus anglicus (34909)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.5Germany (Lower Saxony) Arthrolycosa wolterbeeki (231871)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.5United Kingdom (Somerset) Arthrolycosa sp. (216068)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.5China (Hebei) Prothelyphonus britannicus (147001)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.5USA (Illinois) Arthrolycosa antiqua, Palaeothele onoi, Geralinura gigantea (112630) Arthrolycosa danielsi, Thelyphrynus elongatus, Protophrynus carbonarius (146857) Geralinura similis, Geralinura gigantea, Geralinura carbonaria, Graeophonus carbonarius (21981)
Kasimovian307.0 - 303.7USA (New Mexico) Protolycosa suazoi (219795)