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Craniiformea
Taxonomy
Craniiformea was named by Popov et al. (1993). It is extant.
It was assigned to Inarticulata by Zrzavy et al. (1998); and to Brachiopoda by Williams et al. (1996), Carlson (2001), Skovsted (2006) and Emig et al. (2013).
It was assigned to Inarticulata by Zrzavy et al. (1998); and to Brachiopoda by Williams et al. (1996), Carlson (2001), Skovsted (2006) and Emig et al. (2013).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1993 | Craniiformea Popov et al. |
| 1996 | Craniiformea Williams et al. p. 1192 |
| 1998 | Craniiformea Zrzavy et al. |
| 2001 | Craniiformea Carlson p. 1110 |
| 2006 | Craniiformea Skovsted p. 1093 |
| 2013 | Craniiformea Emig et al. p. 76 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subph. Craniiformea Popov et al. 1993
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Cl. Craniata Williams et al. 1996
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Or. Craniida Waagen 1885
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Superfm. †Cranioidea Menke 1828
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Fm. †Craniidae Menke 1828
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G. †Acanthocrania Williams 1943
G. †Ancistrocrania Dall 1877
G. †Celidocrania Zhu and Xue 1985
G. †Conocrania Smirnova 1996
G. Crania Retzius 1781
G. †Craniscus Dall 1871
G. †Danocrania Rosenkrantz 1964
G. †Deliella Halamski 2004
G. †Isocrania Jaekel 1902
G. †Lepidocrania Cooper and Grant 1974
G. †Mesocrania Smirnova 1997
G. †Nematocrania Grant 1976
G. †Orthisocrania Rowell 1963
G. †Petrocrania Raymond 1910
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Invalid names: Craniella Oehlert 1911 [replaced], Philhedrella Kozlowski 1929 [synonym]
G. †Philhedra Koken 1889
G. †Pseudocrania M'Coy 1851
G. †Venetocrania Bitner and Dieni 2005
G. †Westralicrania Cockbain 1967
G. †Xenocrania Chen and Rong 2019
Invalid names: Craniacea Menke 1828 [empty]
Or. Craniopsida Gorjansky and Popov 1985
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Superfm. †Craniopsioidea Williams 1963
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Fm. †Craniopsidae Williams 1963
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G. †Discinopsis Hall and Clarke 1892
G. †Lingulapholis Schuchert 1913
G. †Paracraniops Williams 1963
G. †Wrightiops Popov and Cocks 2014
Invalid names: Craniopsoidea Williams 1963 [empty]
G. †Melbournopterus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
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†Melbournopterus crossotus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
Or. †Trimerellida
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G. †Adenus
Superfm. †Trimerelloidea Davidson and King 1872
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Fm. †Trimerellidae Davidson and King 1872
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G. †Costitrimerella Rong and Li 1993
G. †Dinobolus Hall 1871
G. †Eodinobolus Rowell 1963
G. †Fengzuella Li and Han 1980
G. †Gasconsia Northrop 1939
G. †Gyroselenella Li 1985
G. †Monomerella Billings 1872
G. †Obolellina Billings 1871
G. †Ovidiella Nikitin and Popov 1984
G. †Palaeotrimerella Li and Han 1980
G. †Paradinobolus Li and Han 1980
G. †Peritrimerella Liang 1983
G. †Rhynobolus Hall 1871
G. †Sinotrimerella Li and Han 1980
G. †Trimerella Billings 1862
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Invalid names: Machaerocolella Li and Han 1980 [synonym], Prosoponella Li 1984 [synonym]
G. †Yidurella Zeng 1987
Invalid names: Patella ottomana Kittl 1903 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| A. Williams et al. 1996 | Brachiopods with calcitic, laminar (tabular) inarticulated shells; valves developed discretely without mantle reversal; larvae lecithotrophic without shell; posterior body wall complete, pedicle not developed, ventral valve attached by larval epithelium; muscle system with a single pair of internal obliques and with paired outside lateral muscles attached anteriorly to the body wall; alimentary tract more or less axial with anus; lophophore initially with median tentacle lost during growth, tentacles in double row in posttrocholophous growth stages only; paired ganglia developed; mantle canal systems without interiomedial vascula terminalia, normally pinnate, containing gonads. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Dyeran to the top of the Holocene or 515.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 511.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 511.2 Ma
Collections (1196 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dyeran | Greenland | Craniopsidae indet. (49464 49473) | |
| Tremadoc | Czech Republic | Petrocrania sp. (192830) | |
| Tremadoc | China (JiLin) | Orthisocrania sp. (21143) | |
| Ordovician | USA (New York) | Petrocrania sp. (332) | |
| Arenig | United Kingdom (Wales) | Petrocrania sp., Craniidae indet. (69096) | |
| Arenig | China (GanSu) | Orthisocrania sp. (8568) | |
| Arenig | Spain (Zaragoza) | Dinobolus sp. (21075) | |
| Volkhov | Russian Federation | Pseudocrania petropolitana (157085 157104 157105 157106 157107 157108 157109 157110 157111 157112 157113 157114 157115 157117 157118 157119 157120 157121 157122 157123 157124 157127 157128 157130 157131 157132 157133 157134 157135 157136 157139 157141) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (New York) | Petrocrania sp. (335) | |
| Chazyan | USA (New York) | Crania prona (56215 172320) Petrocrania prona (171794 172144) | |
| Chazyan | USA (Vermont) | Petrocrania prona (101749) | |
| Whiterockian - Mohawkian | USA (Minnesota) | Crania sp. (10767) | |
| Kunda | Estonia | Pseudocrania antiquissima (56202) | |
| Kunda | Sweden | Pseudocrania sp. (188213 188217 188218 188225 188234 188268 188280) | |
| Llanvirn | China (QingHai) | Petrocrania sp. (8683 23596) | |
| Darriwilian | Iran | Pseudocrania insperata (186095) | |
| Darriwilian | Argentina (San Juan) | Philhedra pauciradiata (195044) | |
| Darriwilian | Canada (Newfoundland) | Orthisocrania sp. (185947) | |
| Llandeilo | Kazakhstan | Ovidiella plana (161885) | |
| Letna - Harnagian | Czech Republic | Petrocrania obsoleta (3861) | |