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Macrostomata
Taxonomy
Macrostomata was named by Ritgen (1828) [Müller (1832) is commonly cited as primary reference for Macrostomata (see Rieppel et al., 2003, pg. 542).]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Rieppel et al. (2003).
It was considered an invalid subgroup of Serpentes by Vidal and Hedges (2002); it was reranked as the infraorder Macrostomata by Rieppel et al. (2003).
It was assigned to Alethinophidia by Lee and Scanlon (2002); to Serpentes by Rieppel et al. (2003); and to Alethinophidia by Wilcox et al. (2002) and Longrich et al. (2012).
It was considered an invalid subgroup of Serpentes by Vidal and Hedges (2002); it was reranked as the infraorder Macrostomata by Rieppel et al. (2003).
It was assigned to Alethinophidia by Lee and Scanlon (2002); to Serpentes by Rieppel et al. (2003); and to Alethinophidia by Wilcox et al. (2002) and Longrich et al. (2012).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1828 | Macrostomata Ritgen p. 260 |
2002 | Macrostomata Lee and Scanlon |
2002 | Macrostomata Wilcox et al. |
2003 | Macrostomata Rieppel et al. |
2012 | Macrostomata Longrich et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Macrostomata Ritgen 1828
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Superfm. Booidea Gray 1825
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Fm. †Anomalophidae Auffenberg 1959
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G. †Anomalophis Auffenberg 1959
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†Anomalophis bolcensis Auffenberg 1959
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Invalid names: Archaeophis bolcensis Massalongo 1859 [replaced]
G. †Boavus Marsh 1871
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†Boavus brevis Marsh 1871
†Boavus idelmani Gilmore 1938
†Boavus occidentalis Marsh 1871
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Invalid names: Boavus affinis Brattstrom 1955 [synonym], Boavus agilis Marsh 1871 [synonym], Protagras lacustris Cope 1871 [synonym]
Fm. Boidae Gray 1825 [boa]
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Subfm. Boinae Gray 1825
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G. Acrantophis Jan 1860 [boa]
G. †Bavarioboa Szyndlar and Schleich 1993
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†Bavarioboa bachensis Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa crocheti Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa hermi Szyndlar and Schleich 1993
†Bavarioboa herrlingensis Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa minuta Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa ultima Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa vaylatsae Szyndlar and Rage 2003
G. Boa Linnaeus 1758
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†Boa blanchardensis Bochaton and Bailon 2018
Invalid names: Pseudoepicrates Auffenberg 1963 [synonym]
G. Epicrates Wagler 1830 [rainbow boa]
G. †Waincophis Albino 1987
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†Waincophis australis Albino 1987
†Waincophis cameratus Rage 2001
†Waincophis pressulus Rage 2001
G. Candoia Gray 1842
G. Charina Gray 1849
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Charina bottae Blainville 1835 [northern rubber boa]
†Charina prebottae Brattstrom 1958
G. †Daunophis Swinton 1926
G. †Dawsonophis Holman 1979
Subfm. Erycinae Bonaparte 1825 [sand boa]
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G. †Cadurceryx Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
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†Cadurceryx filholi Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
†Cadurceryx pearchi Holman et al. 2006
G. †Geringophis Holman 1976
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†Geringophis depressus Holman 1976
†Geringophis robustus Holman and Harrison 2001
†Geringophis vetus Holman 1982
†Geringophis yatkolae Holman 1977
†Geringophis yatkolai Holman 1977
G. Gongylophis Wagler 1830
G. †Palaeopython Rochebrune 1880
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†Palaeopython cadurcensis Filhol 1877
†Palaeopython filholi de Rochebrune 1880
†Palaeopython helveticus Georgalis and Scheyer 2019
†Palaeopython neglectus de Rochebrune 1884
Invalid names: Palaeopython sardus Portis 1901 [nomen dubium]
G. †Paleryx Owen 1850
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†Paleryx cayluxi De Stefano 1905
†Paleryx depressus Owen 1849
†Paleryx rhombifer Owen 1849
G. Python Daudin 1803
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†Python cadurcensis Filhol 1877
†Python euboicus Roemer 1870
†Python maurus Rage 1976
Python regius Shaw 1802 [Ball python]
Python sebae Gmelin 1789 [rock python]
G. †Totlandophis Holman and Harrison 1998
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†Totlandophis americanus Holman and Harrison 2001
†Totlandophis thomasae Holman and Harrison 1998
Subfm. Tropidophiinae Cope 1894
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G. †Falseryx Szyndlar and Rage 2003
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†Falseryx neervelpensis Szyndlar et al. 2008
†Falseryx petersbuchi Szyndlar and Rage 2003
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Invalid names: Bransateryx septentrionalis Szyndlar 1987 [replaced]
G. †Rottophis Szyndlar and Böhme 1996
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†Rottophis atavus von Meyer 1855
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Invalid names: Coluber papyraceus Fischer 1857 [objective synonym], Morelia papyracea Troschel 1858 [synonym]
Subfm. Ungaliophiinae McDowell 1987 [dwarf boa]
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G. †Calamagras Cope 1873
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†Calamagras angulatus Cope 1873
†Calamagras floridanus Auffenberg 1963
†Calamagras gallicus Rage 1977
†Calamagras platyspondyla Holman 1976
†Calamagras primus Hecht 1959
†Calamagras talpivorus Cope 1873
†Calamagras turkestanicus Danilov and Averianov 1999
†Calamagras weigeli Holman 1972
Invalid names: Aphelophis Cope 1873 [synonym]
G. Ungaliophis Müller 1882
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Ungaliophis continentalis Müller 1882
Ungaliophis panamensis Schmidt 1933
Invalid names: Rageophis Wallach 1986 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Archaeophidae Janensch 1906 [empty], Dinilysiidae Romer 1956 [empty], Ungaliophiidae Zaher 1994 [empty]
G. Loxocemus Cope 1861 [Mexican burrowing pythons]
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Loxocemus bicolor Cope 1861 [Mexican burrowing python]
G. †Pachyrhachis Haas 1979
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G. †Podophis Rage and Escuillié 2000
Fm. Tropidophiidae Cope 1894 [dwarf boa]
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G. †Dunnophis Hecht 1959
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†Dunnophis cadurcensis Rage 1974
†Dunnophis matronensis Rage 1973
†Dunnophis microechinis Hecht 1959
G. †Platyspondylia Rage 1974
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†Platyspondylia germanica Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Platyspondylia lepta Rage 1974
†Platyspondylia sudrei Rage 1988
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Greene 1997, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Haas 1979 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 99.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.5 Ma
Collections (367 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Early/Lower Cenomanian | Palestinian Territory | Pachyrhachis problematicus, Ophiomorphus colberti (11804) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Boidae indet. (74660) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Mendoza) | Boidae indet. (185024) | |
Maastrichtian | Madagascar (Mahajanga) | Boidae indet. (199757) | |
Maastrichtian | India (Maharashtra) | Booidea indet. (60397) | |
Maastrichtian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Serpentes indet. (58100) | |
Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Boidae indet. (14505) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | India (Maharashtra) | Boidae indet., Serpentes indet. (58102) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Erycinae indet. (13142) | |
Danian | Bolivia | Boidae indet. (49077) | |
Danian | Bolivia (Mizque) | Boidae sp. 1, Boidae sp. 2, Boidae sp. 3, Kataria anisodonta (13501) Boidae unnamed taxon 1, Boidae unnamed taxon 2, Tropidophiidae indet. (49076) | |
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene | Colombia (Guajira) | Titanoboa cerrejonensis (106271) | |
Selandian | Germany (Saxony-Anhalt) | Boidae indet. (74643) | |
Thanetian | Togo (Maritime) | Aphelopsis sp. (167948) | |
Thanetian | Morocco (Meknès-Tafilalet) | Boidae indet., Dunnophis sp. (88301) | |
Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | Cheilophis huerfanoensis (3113 124965) | |
Late/Upper Paleocene | France (Oise) | Boidae indet. (166598) | |
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) | Boidae indet., Boinae sp. A , Boinae sp. B , Waincophis sp., Hechtophis sp., Hechtophis austrinus, Corallus sp., Corallus priscus, Waincophis pressulus, Waincophis cameratus, Paraungaliophis pricei (48091) | |
Casamayoran | Argentina (Chubut) | Boinae indet. (141758) Chubutophis grandis (176491) Waincophis australis (39295) | |
Ypresian | France (Marne) | Calamagras gallicus, Dunnophis matronensis (35533 35535 35539) |