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Pygostylia
Taxonomy
Pygostylia was named by Chiappe (2002). It is extant.
It was assigned to Avialae by Kurochkin et al. (2013); to Aves by Chiappe (2002), You et al. (2006) and O'Connor et al. (2016); and to Aves by Wang et al. (2010), O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), Wang et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Liu et al. (2014), Liu et al. (2017), Wei and Li (2017), Wang et al. (2018), Wang and Zhou (2018), Chiappe et al. (2019) and Liu et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Avialae by Kurochkin et al. (2013); to Aves by Chiappe (2002), You et al. (2006) and O'Connor et al. (2016); and to Aves by Wang et al. (2010), O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), Wang et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Liu et al. (2014), Liu et al. (2017), Wei and Li (2017), Wang et al. (2018), Wang and Zhou (2018), Chiappe et al. (2019) and Liu et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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2002 | Pygostylia Chiappe |
2006 | Pygostylia You et al. p. 1643 |
2010 | Pygostylia Wang et al. p. 247 |
2013 | Pygostylia Kurochkin et al. |
2013 | Pygostylia O'Connor and Zelenkov |
2014 | Pygostylia Liu et al. |
2014 | Pygostylia Wang et al. |
2014 | Pygostylia Wang et al. |
2014 | Pygostylia Zhang et al. |
2016 | Pygostylia O'Connor et al. |
2017 | Pygostylia Liu et al. |
2017 | Pygostylia Wei and Li |
2018 | Pygostylia Wang et al. |
2018 | Pygostylia Wang and Zhou |
2019 | Pygostylia Chiappe et al. |
2019 | Pygostylia Liu et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Pygostylia Chiappe 2002
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Or. †Confuciusornithiformes Hou et al. 1995
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Fm. †Confuciusornithidae Hou et al. 1995
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G. †Confuciusornis Hou et al. 1995
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†Confuciusornis chuongzhous Hou 1997
†Confuciusornis dui Hou et al. 1999
†Confuciusornis sanctus Hou et al. 1995
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Invalid names: Confuciusornis feducciai Zhang et al. 2009 [synonym], Confuciusornis jianchangensis Li et al. 2010 [synonym], Confuciusornis suniae Hou 1997 [synonym], Jinzhouornis yixianensis Hou et al. 2002 [synonym], Jinzhouornis zhangjiyingia Hou et al. 2002 [synonym]
Invalid names: Jinzhouornis Hou et al. 2002 [synonym]
Invalid names: Confuciusornis chuonzhous Hou 1997 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Jinguofortisidae Wang et al. 2018
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Unr. Ornithothoraces Chiappe and Calvo 1994
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Subcl. †Enantiornithes Walker 1981
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Or. †Alexornithiformes Brodkorb 1976
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Fm. †Alexornithidae Brodkorb 1976
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G. †Abavornis Panteleyev 1998
G. †Alexornis Brodkorb 1976
G. †Explorornis Panteleyev 1998
G. †Incolornis Panteleyev 1998
G. †Kizylkumavis Nessov 1984
G. †Lenesornis Kurochkin 1996
G. †Nanantius Molnar 1986
G. †Sazavis Nessov 1989
G. †Zhyraornis Nessov 1984
Invalid names: Gobipterygidae Elzanowski 1974 [synonym], Zhyraornithidae Nessov 1984 [synonym]
Fm. †Avisauridae Brett-Surman and Paul 1985
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Fm. †Bohaiornithidae Wang et al. 2014
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G. †Cathayornis Zhou et al. 1992
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†Cathayornis yandica Zhou et al. 1992
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Invalid names: Cuspirostrisornis houi Hou 1997 [synonym], Largirostrornis sexdentornis Hou 1997 [synonym]
Or. †Cathayornithiformes Zhou et al. 1992
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Fm. †Cathayornithidae Zhou et al. 1992
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G. †Gracilornis Li and Hou 2011
G. †Longchengornis Hou 1997
Or. †Eoenantiornithiformes Hou et al. 1999
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Superor. †Euenantiornithes Chiappe 2002
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Or. †Apsaraviformes Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Invalid names: Apsaravidae Livezey and Zusi 2007 [empty]
G. †Enantiornis Walker 1981
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†Enantiornis leali Walker 1981
†Enantiornis martini Nessov and Panteleyev 1993
†Enantiornis walkeri Nessov and Panteleyev 1993
G. †Martinavis Walker et al. 2007
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†Martinavis cruzyensis Walker et al. 2007
†Martinavis minor Walker and Dyke 2009
†Martinavis saltariensis Walker and Dyke 2009
†Martinavis vincei Walker et al. 2007
†Martinavis whetstonei Walker and Dyke 2009
Or. †Rahonaviformes Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Invalid names: Rahonavidae Livezey and Zusi 2007 [empty]
Invalid names: Liaoxiornis Hou and Chen 1999 [nomen dubium], Liaoxiornis delicatus Hou and Chen 1999 [nomen dubium]
G. †Gobipteryx Elzanowski 1974
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Fm. †Longipterygidae Zhang et al. 2000
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G. †Camptodontornis Demirjian 2019
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†Camptodontornis yangi Li et al. 2010
Invalid names: Camptodontus Li et al. 2010 [replaced]
Or. †Longirostravisiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
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Invalid names: Longirostravisidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
Fm. †Pengornithidae Wang et al. 2014
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Or. †Protopterygiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
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Invalid names: Protopterygidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
Invalid names: Aberratiodontuidae Gong et al. 2004 [empty], Cathayornis aberransis Hou 2002 [nomen dubium], Cathayornis chabuensis Li et al. 2008 [nomen dubium], Enantiornithiformes [empty], Longipterygiformes Zhang et al. 2000 [empty]
Unr. Euornithes Stejneger 1885
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Or. Cecomorphae Huxley 1867
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Invalid names: Colymboidea Stejneger 1885 [empty], Pygopodes [synonym]
Invalid names: Chenomorphae Huxley 1867 [empty], Grallae Linnaeus 1758 [empty], Herodii [empty], Picariae Blanchard 1859 [empty]
Unr. †Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 1999
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G. †Antarcticavis Cordes-Person et al. 2020
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†Antarcticavis capelambensis Cordes-Person et al. 2020
Fm. †Hongshanornithidae O'Connor et al. 2010
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Subcl. Ornithurae Haeckel 1866
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Unr. †Carinatae Merrem 1813
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Subor. †Colymbiformes
G. †Crateropteryx Seeley 1900
Subor. Galliformes Temminck 1820 [fowl]
Subor. †Odontotormae Marsh 1875
Subor. †Tubinares
Invalid names: Anatiformes Hay 1930 [empty], Diatrymatiformes Hay 1930 [empty]
Or. †Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer 1888
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Fm. †Baptornithidae American Ornithologists' Union 1910
Fm. †Brodavidae Martin et al. 2012
G. †Chupkaornis Tanaka et al. 2018
G. †Fumicollis Bell and Chiappe 2015
Unr. †Hesperornithidae Marsh 1872
G. †Pasquiaornis Tokaryk et al. 1997
G. †Potamornis Elzanowski et al. 2001
Invalid names: Enaliornithidae [empty]
Unr. †Ichthyornithes Marsh 1873
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G. †Ichthyornis Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Angelinornis Kashin 1972 [synonym], Colonosaurus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Plegadornis Wetmore 1962 [synonym]
Fm. †Ichthyornithidae Marsh 1873
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Invalid names: Angelinornithidae Kashin 1972 [synonym], Plegadornithidae Wetmore 1962 [synonym]
G. †Janavis Benito et al. 2022
Invalid names: Apatornithidae Fürbringer 1888 [empty]
Or. †Yixianornithiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
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Invalid names: Yixianornithidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
Invalid names: Chaoyangornithiformes Hou 1997 [empty], Dromaeognathae Huxley 1867 [empty], Gobipterygiformes Elzanowski 1974 [empty], Odontoholcae Stejneger 1884 [empty], Odontoholomorphae [empty]
G. †Patagopteryx Alvarenga and Bonaparte 1992
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†Patagopteryx deferrariisi Alvarenga and Bonaparte 1992
Fm. †Schizoouridae Wang et al. 2020
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Invalid names: Songlingornithidae Hou 1997 [empty]
G. †Sapeornis Zhou and Zhang 2002
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†Sapeornis chaoyangensis Zhou and Zhang 2002
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Invalid names: Didactylornis jii Yuan 2008 [synonym], Sapeornis angustis Zhou and Zhang 2009 [synonym], Shenshiornis primita Hu et al. 2010 [synonym]
Invalid names: Shenshiornis Hu et al. 2010 [synonym]
Or. †Sapeornithiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
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G. †Didactylornis Yuan 2008
Invalid names: Sapeornithidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Bathonian to the top of the Holocene or 167.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 164.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 164.7 Ma
Collections (844 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Middle Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Aves indet. (59357) | |
Late/Upper Jurassic - Barremian | China (Hebei) | Shenqiornis mengi (96195) | |
Berriasian | Romania (Judetul Bihor) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (13335) | |
Early/Lower Cretaceous | China (Liaoning) | Yuanchuavis kompsosoura (233550) | |
Hauterivian | China (Hebei) | Eopengornis martini (163268) Orienantius ritteri, Cruralispennia multidonta (194615) Paraprotopteryx gracilis, Protopteryx fengningensis, Archaeornithura meemannae (68022) | |
Hauterivian - Barremian | Mongolia (Bayankhongor) | Ambiortus dementjevi (85287) Holbotia ponomarenkoi (113357) | |
Hauterivian - Barremian | China (Hebei) | Eoconfuciusornis zhengi (85261) | |
Early/Lower Barremian | Spain (Cataluña) | Enantiornithes indet., Noguerornis gonzalezi (85293) | |
Late/Upper Barremian | Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) | Concornis lacustris, Iberomesornis sp., Eoalulavis hoyasi, Aves indet. (28006) | |
Late/Upper Barremian | China (Nei Mongol) | Cathayornis chabuensis (91202) Confuciusornis sp. (103654) Enantiornithes indet. (85296) Tianyuornis cheni (106346) | |
Late/Upper Barremian | Thailand (Kalasin) | Ornithurae indet. (84443) | |
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Nei Mongol) | Hongshanornis longicresta, Abitusavis lii (79519) Junornis houi (203213) | |
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Confuciusornis chuonzhous (94819) Confuciusornis dui (24899) Confuciusornis feducciai (92626) Confuciusornis sanctus (85298 224635) Confuciusornis sp. (50467 50468 50469 52888) Confuciusornis sp., Confuciusornis sanctus, Confuciusornis suniae (50470) Didactylornis jii, Enantiornithes indet. (67611) Enantiornithes indet. (79521) Eoenantiornis buhleri, Jinzhouornis zhangjiyingia (79522) Euenantiornithes indet., Changchengornis hengdaoziensis (79657) Euenantiornithes indet., Liaoxiornis delicatus, Lingyuanornis parvus, Dalingheornis liweii, Grabauornis lingyuanensis, Hongshanornis longicresta, Longicrusavis houi, Eogranivora edentulata (13937) Jinzhouornis yixianensis (156032) Liaoningornis longidigitris (85288) Longirostravis hani, Archaeorhynchus spathula (123753) Sapeornis chaoyangensis, Gretcheniao sinensis (132934) Shanweiniao cooperorum, Pengornis sp. (82783) Xinghaiornis lini (147071) Yanornis guozhangi (92806) | |
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Hebei) | Jibeinia luanhera (116134) Vescornis hebeiensis (79520) | |
Barremian | China (Hebei) | Jinguofortis perplexus (197953) Protopteryx fengningensis, Jibeinia luanhera (156414) | |
Barremian | Japan (Ishikawa) | Enantiornithes indet. (32324) | |
Barremian - Aptian | Russian Federation (Kemerovo) | Evgenavis nobilis (52808) | |
Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Archaeovolans repatriatus (55708) Boluochia zhengi, Cathayornis caudatus, Cathayornis yandica, Largirostrornis sexdentornis, Longchengornis sanyanensis, Chaoyangia beishanensis, Songlingornis linghensis (79517) Camptodontus yangi (109245) Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo, Sulcavis geeorum, Bohaiornis guoi, Bellulia rectusunguis, Mengciusornis dentatus (105772) Chongmingia zhengi, Pterygornis dapingfangensis (79523) Cratonavis zhui, Fortunguavis xiaotaizicus, Brevirostruavis macrohyoideus, Piscivoravis lii (129475) Cuspirostrisornis houi, Largirostrornis sexdentoris (116136) Dapingfangornis sp., Longipteryx chaoyangensis, Yuanjiawaornis viriosus, Alethoalaornis agitornis, Parahongshanornis chaoyangensis, Confuciusornis sp. (79941) Enantiornithes indet., Schizooura lii, Archaeorhynchus spathula, Zhongjianornis yangi, Ornithurae indet., Jianchangornis microdonta (118207) Eocathayornis walkeri (85255) Gracilornis jiufotangensis (151538) Linyiornis amoena (78922) Longipteryx chaoyangensis (85262) Longusunguis kurochkini, Bohaiornis guoi, Parabohaiornis martini (153809) Microenantiornis vulgaris, Yanornis martini (85258) Monoenantiornis sihedangia, Iteravis huchzermenyeri, Gansus zheni, Dingavis longimaxilla, Changzuiornis ahgmi, Yangavis confucii (135798) Parapengornis eurycaudatus, Juehuaornis zhangi (169930) Sapeornis chaoyangensis, Longipteryx sp., Musivavis amabilis, Aberratiodontus wui, Confuciusornis sp. (79518) Sapeornis chaoyangensis, Shenshiornis primita, Sapeornis angustis, Enantiornithes indet., Pengornis houi, Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus, Huoshanornis huji, Piscivorenantiornis inusitatus, Xiangornis shenmi, Confuciusornis sp., Yanornis sp. (55536) Shangyang graciles (207034) Shengjingornis yangi, Confuciusornis jianchangensis (98449) Similiyanornis brevipectus (73688) Sinornis santensis (85285) Yixianornis grabaui (55426) Zhouornis hani (150275) Zhouornis hani, Rapaxavis pani (90046) | |
Aptian | China (Inner Mongolia) | Khinganornis sp. (224092) | |
Aptian | China (Gansu) | Enantiornithes indet., Qiliania graffini, Euenantiornithes indet., Dunhuangia cuii, Avimaia schweitzerae, Feitianius paradisi, Gansus yumenensis, Changmaornis houi, Yumenornis huangi, Ornithuromorpha indet. (62293) |