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Australosphenida

Mammalia

Taxonomy
Australosphenida was named by Luo et al. (2001). It is extant. It was considered paraphyletic by Luo et al. (2011).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Mammalia by Rowe et al. (2008).

It was assigned to Holotheria by Luo et al. (2001); to Mammaliaformes by Luo et al. (2003); to Yinotheria by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004); to Mammalia by Luo et al. (2011); and to Prototheria by Averianov and Lopatin (2011).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2001Australosphenida Luo et al. p. 53 fig. 57
2003Australosphenida Luo et al. p. 1938
2004Australosphenida Kielan-Jaworowska et al. p. 206
2011Australosphenida Averianov and Lopatin p. 34
2011Australosphenida Luo et al. p. 443

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—AustralosphenidaLuo et al. 2001
—AustralosphenidaLuo et al. 2001

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Australosphenida Luo et al. 2001
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G. †Ambondro Flynn et al. 1999
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†Ambondro mahabo Flynn et al. 1999
Unr. †Ausktribosphenida Rich et al. 1997
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Invalid names: Ausktribosphenidae Rich et al. 1997 [empty]
G. †Ausktribosphenos Rich et al. 1997
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†Ausktribosphenos nyktos Rich et al. 1997
G. †Bishops Rich et al. 2001
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†Bishops whitmorei Rich et al. 2001
Fm. †Henosferidae Rougier et al. 2007
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G. †Asfaltomylos Rauhut et al. 2002
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†Asfaltomylos patagonicus Rauhut et al. 2002
G. †Henosferus Rougier et al. 2007
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†Henosferus molus Rougier et al. 2007
Or. Monotremata Bonaparte 1838 [monotreme]
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Subor. Cacodonta Ameghino 1889
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Invalid names: Echidnidae Burnett 1830 [empty]
Fm. †Kollikodontidae Flannery et al. 1995
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G. †Kollikodon Flannery et al. 1995
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†Kollikodon ritchiei Flannery et al. 1995
G. †Kryoryctes Pridmore et al. 2005
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†Kryoryctes cadburyi Pridmore et al. 2005
Fm. Ornithorhynchidae Gray 1825 [platypus]
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G. †Monotrematum Pascual et al. 1992
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†Monotrematum sudamericanum Pascual et al. 1992
G. †Obdurodon Woodburne and Tedford 1975
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†Obdurodon dicksoni Archer et al. 1992
†Obdurodon insignis Woodburne and Tedford 1975
†Obdurodon tharalkooschild Pian et al. 2013
G. Ornithorhynchus Blumenbach 1800
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Invalid names: Ornithorhynchus agilis de Vis 1886 [synonym]
G. †Steropodon Archer et al. 1985
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†Steropodon galmani Archer et al. 1985
G. †Teinolophos Rich et al. 1999
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†Teinolophos trusleri Rich et al. 1999
G. †Patagorhynchus Chimento et al. 2023
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†Patagorhynchus pascuali Chimento et al. 2023
G. †Stirtodon Rich et al. 2020
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†Stirtodon elizabethae Rich et al. 2020
Fm. Tachyglossidae Gill 1872 [echidna]
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G. †Megalibgwilia Griffiths et al. 1991
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†Megalibgwilia ramsayi Owen 1884
G. Tachyglossus Illiger 1811
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Tachyglossus aculeatus Shaw 1792 [short-beaked echidna]
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Invalid names: Echidna hystrix Home 1802 [synonym]
Invalid names: Echidna Cuvier 1797 [replaced]
G. Zaglossus Gill 1877
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Zaglossus attenboroughi Flannery and Groves 1998
Zaglossus bartoni Thomas 1907
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Zaglossus bartoni diamondi Flannery and Groves 1998
Zaglossus bartoni smeenki Flannery and Groves 1998
Invalid names: Zaglossus bubuensis Lauri 1952 [synonym]
Zaglossus bartoni clunius Thomas and Rothschild 1922
Zaglossus bruijni Peters and Doria 1876
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Invalid names: Bruijnia tridactyla Du Bois 1884 [synonym], Proechidna nigroaculeata Rothschild 1892 [synonym], Proechidna villosissima Dubois 1884 [synonym]
†Zaglossus hacketti Glauert 1914 [Hackett's Giant Echidna]
†Zaglossus robusta Dun 1894
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Invalid names: Ornithorhynchus maximus Dun 1894 [synonym], Zaglossus harrissoni Scott and Lord 1922 [synonym]
Invalid names: Acanthoglossus Gervais 1877 [synonym], Bruynia Dubois 1881 [synonym], Echidna oweni Kreft 1868 [nomen vanum], Proechidna Gervais 1877 [synonym], Prozaglossus Kerbert 1912 [synonym]
Invalid names: Agathodonta Ameghino 1889 [empty], Platypoda Gill 1872 [empty], Spondilocoelia Ameghino 1889 [empty], Steropodontidae Flannery et al. 1995 [empty], Tachyglossa Gill 1872 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialuc
Diet: insectivoreuc
Created: 2005-09-06 19:53:51
Modified: 2005-09-07 19:44:02
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Hopson 1973, Luo et al. 2003, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Toarcian to the top of the Holocene or 182.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 175.6 Ma

Collections (35 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian182.0 - 175.6Argentina (Chubut) Henosferus molus, Asfaltomylos patagonicus (67434)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Madagascar (Mahajunga) Ambondro mahabo (92151)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Australia (Victoria) Bishops whitmorei, Teinolophos trusleri, Monotremata indet., Mammalia indet. (51961)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Australia (Victoria) Bishops sp., Monotremata indet. (118946)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0Australia (Victoria) Kryoryctes cadburyi (38542)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Australia (New South Wales) Kollikodon ritchiei (95861) Steropodon galmani (38539) Stirtodon elizabethae (224429)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Monotremata indet. (234526) Patagorhynchus pascuali (206969)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Ornithorhynchidae indet. (95914)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Australia (South Australia) Obdurodon insignis (182109)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Australia (South Australia) Obdurodon insignis (45652 51412 95828)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62Australia (Queensland) Obdurodon dicksoni (92641)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Australia (Queensland) Obdurodon tharalkooschild (151091)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Australia (New South Wales) Echidna robusta, Ornithorhynchus agilis (95862)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Australia ( New South Wales) Zaglossus sp. (182621)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Australia (Victoria) Zaglossus ramsay (136221)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Australia (Tasmania) Zaglossus harrissoni (95911)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Megalibgwilia ramsayi (136073 136076 181305) Tachyglossus aculeatus (136159 136430) Zaglossus ramsayi (28298)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Australia (New South Wales) Echidna oweni (95899)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Australia (Western Australia) Zaglossus hacketti (96022)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0Australia (New South Wales) Tachyglossus aculeatus (181307)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Tachyglossus aculeatus (136075)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Tachyglossus aculeatus (182957)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (Queensland) Echidna oweni (95863) Ornithorhynchus agilis (28422)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Australia (Queensland) Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Tachyglossus aculeatus (21688)