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Craniata
Discussion
Original taxonomic rank is not given in the reference.
Taxonomy
Craniata was named by Linnaeus (1758) [really?]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Heimberg et al. (2010).
It was synonymized objectively with Vertebrata by Heimberg et al. (2010); it was reranked as the subphylum Craniata by Edgecombe et al. (2011) and Zhang (2011).
It was assigned to Olfactores by Edgecombe et al. (2011); to Cephalochordata by Zhang (2011); to Chordata by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Chordata by Van Der Laan (2019).
It was synonymized objectively with Vertebrata by Heimberg et al. (2010); it was reranked as the subphylum Craniata by Edgecombe et al. (2011) and Zhang (2011).
It was assigned to Olfactores by Edgecombe et al. (2011); to Cephalochordata by Zhang (2011); to Chordata by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Chordata by Van Der Laan (2019).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1758 | Craniata Linnaeus |
| 1845 | Coluber arcuatus von Meyer p. 42 figs. 5 pl. 2 |
| 2011 | Craniata Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1 |
| 2011 | Craniata Zhang |
| 2016 | Craniata Nelson et al. p. 18 |
| 2019 | Craniata Van Der Laan p. 15 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subph. Craniata Linnaeus 1758
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Supercl. †Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich 1909 [jawless fish]
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G. †Aserotaspis
G. †Coscinodus
G. †Dipnoides
Or. †Furcacudiformes
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G. †Furcacauda
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†Furcacauda fredholmae Wilson and Caldwell 1998
†Furcacauda heintzae Dineley and Loeffler 1976
G. †Pezopallichthyes
G. †Gompholepis
G. †Gyropeltus
G. †Neeyambaspis
G. †Palaeosteus
G. †Pituriaspis
Cl. †Pteraspidomorpha
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Subcl. †Arandaspida Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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Fm. †Arandaspididae Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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G. †Arandaspis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. †Porophoraspis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. †Sacabambaspis
Or. †Arandaspidiformes Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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Invalid names: Porophoraspidae Halstead 1993 [empty]
Subcl. †Astraspida Berg 1940
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Or. †Astraspidiformes Berg 1940
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Fm. †Eriptychiidae Tarlo 1962
G. †Eriptychius Walcott 1892
Fm. †Oniscolepididae Marss and Karatajue-Talimaa 2009
Fm. †Tesakoviaspididae Karatajute-Talimaa and Smith 2004
Subcl. †Heterostraci Lankester 1868
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Subor. †Cyathaspida Kiaer 1932
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Unr. †Cyathaspidei Kiaer 1932
G. †Homalaspidella Strand 1934
G. †Irregulareaspis Zych 1931
Unr. †Poraspidei Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Cyathaspididae Kiaer 1932
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G. †Archegonaspis Jaekel 1927
Subfm. †Boothiaspidinae Elliott 2016
G. †Cyathaspis
G. †Dikenaspis Denison 1963
G. †Eoarchegonaspis Kiaer 1932
Subfm. †Poraspidinae Kiaer 1932
G. †Ptomaspis Denison 1963
G. †Vernonaspis
Or. †Cyathaspidiformes Kaier 1930
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Subor. †Cyathaspidoidei
Subor. †Hibernaspidoidei
Subor. †Siberiaspidoidei
Fm. †Protaspidae Bryant 1933
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G. †Psammolepis Agassiz 1843
Or. †Pteraspidiformes Berg 1940
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Fm. †Anchipteraspididae Elliott 1984
Fm. †Protopteraspididae Novitskaya 1983
Fm. †Pteraspididae Claypole 1885
Subor. †Pteraspidoidei Janvier 1996
G. †Strosipherus Pander 1856
Fm. †Thelodontidae
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G. †Coelolepis
G. †Dasylepis Pander 1856
G. †Dictyolepis Pander 1856
G. †Gomphodus Pander 1856
G. †Lanarkia
G. †Melittomalepis Pander 1856
G. †Pachylepis Pander 1856
G. †Prionacanthus Pander 1856
G. †Schediosteus Pander 1856
G. †Spirodus Kade 1858
G. †Thelolepis Pander 1856
Or. †Traquairaspidiformes Stensio 1958
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Fm. †Weigeltaspidae Berg 1940
Invalid names: Phialaspididae White 1946 [empty]
Invalid names: Cardipeltida [empty], Cardipeltiformes Bryant 1933 [empty], Ceraspidae [empty], Corvaspidida [empty], Drepanaspidae [empty], Lepidaspidida [empty], Olbiaspidida Obruchev 1964 [empty], Palaeaspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pteraspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Tesseraspidida [empty], Tolypelepidida [empty], Traquairaspidida Stensio 1958 [empty]
Invalid names: Diplorhina [synonym]
Or. †Pteraspidomorphes
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G. †Alainaspis
G. †Allocryptaspis
G. †Anatolepsis
G. †Archodus
G. †Asketaspis
G. †Aspidosteus
G. †Clydonaspis
G. †Corveolepis
G. †Dyreaspis
G. †Empedaspis
G. †Ennosviaspis
G. †Grumantaspis
G. †Gunaspis
G. †Homaspidella
G. †Irregulariaspis
G. †Karelosteus
G. †Kiangsuaspis
G. †Liliaspis
G. †Listraspis
G. †Nahanniaspis
G. †Obliaspis Obruchev 1964
G. †Palaeodus
G. †Pelaspis
G. †Pilolepsis
G. †Pionaspis
G. †Poriferaspis
G. †Sanidaspis
G. †Schizosteus Obruchev 1940
G. †Seretaspis
G. †Steinaspis
G. †Strophisterus
G. †Tareyaspis
G. †Yoglinia
G. †Rabdacanthus
G. †Sigurdia
G. †Superciliaspis
G. †Tylodus
Invalid names: Pteraspidida Kaier 1932 [empty]
Supercl. †Thelodontida
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Fm. †Coelolepidae Pander 1856
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G. †Thelodus Agassiz 1839
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†Thelodus calvus Marss and Karatajute-Talimaa 2002
†Thelodus hoskinsi Giffin 1979
†Thelodus laevis Pander 1856
†Thelodus parvidens Agassiz 1839
†Thelodus scoticus Traquair 1898
†Thelodus trilobatus Hoppe 1931
Invalid names: Palaeodontidae Obruchev 1964 [empty], Turiniidae Obruchev 1964 [empty]
Invalid names: Coluber arcuatus von Meyer 1845 [nomen dubium], Conodontomorpha [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tommotian to the top of the Holocene or 525.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 512.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 512.9 Ma
Collections (277 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tommotian - Botomian | China (Hubei) | Conodontomorpha indet. (10500) | |
| Arenig | Australia (Northern Territory) | Arandaspis prionotolepis (90386) Porophoraspis crenulata, Arandaspis prionotolepis (90382) | |
| Bendigonian | Australia (Northern Territory) | Porophoraspis sp. (90417) | |
| Dapingian - Darriwilian | Oman | Sacabambaspis sp. (90376) | |
| Llanvirn | Australia (Northern Territory) | Arandaspis sp., Porophoraspis sp. (90420) | |
| Llanvirn | Australia (New South Wales) | Arandaspis sp. (90375) | |
| Darriwilian | Oman | Sacabambaspis sp. (90377) | |
| Darriwilian | Australia (Northern Territory) | Sacabambaspis sp. (90418) | |
| Sarka | Czech Republic | Pteraspis sp. (3857) | |
| Early/Lower Llandeilo | Argentina | Sacabambaspis janvieri (8868) | |
| Dobrotivian | Czech Republic | Pteraspis sp. (3859) | |
| Caradoc | USA (Colorado) | Astraspis desiderata, Astraspis splendens, Eriptychius americanus (10380) | |
| Caradoc | Bolivia | Sacabambaspis janvieri (90387 90478 210982) | |
| Caradoc | Australia (Northern Territory) | Sacabambaspis sp. (90419) | |
| Caradoc | Bolivia (Punata) | Sacabambaspis janvieri (210981) | |
| Franklinian | USA (Colorado) | Astraspis desiderata (155772) Astraspis desiderata, Eriptychius americanus (155756) | |
| Franklinian | Canada (Ontario) | Astraspis desiderata (90403 90404 90405 90406 90407 90408 90410 90411 90412) Eriptychius sp., Astraspis desiderata (90409) Eriptychius sp., Astraspis desiderata, Larolepis darbyi (90381) | |
| Richmondian | USA (Wyoming) | Astraspis desiderata, Eriptychius americanus (65239) | |
| Silurian | United Kingdom (England) | Thelodontida indet. (22720 22721) | |
| Silurian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Vernonaspis sp. (12763) | |