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Turbo

Gastropoda - Turbinidae

Taxonomy
Turbo was named by Linnaeus (1758) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-u R]. It is extant. Its type is Turbo petholatus.

It was assigned to Turbinidae by Stanton (1895), Woodring (1928), Woodring (1957), Weisbord (1962), Ladd (1966), Olsson (1967), Ladd (1982) and Todd (2001); to Archaeogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Turbininae by Rafinesque (1815), MacNeil (1960), Wilson (1993), Harzhauser (2004), Bouchet et al. (2005) and Landau and Marques da Silva (2010).

Species
T. (Callopoma), T. (Carswellena), T. (Dinassivica), T. (Euninella), T. (Lunatica), T. (Lunella), T. (Marmarostoma), T. (Ninella), T. (Olearia), T. (Sarmaticus), T. (Senectus), T. (Subninella), T. (Taeniaturbo), T. (Turbo), T. abbreviatus, T. agonistes, T. alpinus, T. angustus, T. biliratus, T. bozasi, T. bruneus (syn. T. concinnus, Lunatica squamosa, T. ticaonicus, Senectus necnivosus), T. cinerea, T. cochlearis, T. colusaensis, T. conformis, T. corallii, T. denticulatus, T. elevatus, T. ellipticus, T. eurymedon, T. fakaauensis, T. fallax, T. festivus, T. gerannae, T. gigas, T. granulatus, T. haudcarinatus (syn. T. satyrus), T. haynesi, T. helicinoides, T. hybridus, T. inflatus, T. intermedius, T. jaschianus, T. laminiferus (syn. T. squamosus, T. foliaceus), T. licas, T. lorinae, T. magister, T. mantelli, T. marmoratus, T. multistriatus, T. naricus, T. nodulosocancellatus, T. obliquus, T. orthostoma, T. ozawai, T. perspeciosus (syn. T. speciosus), T. petraea, T. philippi, T. philippii, T. picteti, T. portentus, T. protocepoides, T. pseudoundulatus, T. pulcher, T. radiosus, T. regius, T. saltus, T. sarmaticus, T. semiplicatilis, T. serratus, T. squamulosus, T. subaciculus, T. subcarinatus (syn. T. tricarinatus, T. tricingulatus, T. bicingulatus, T. strigillatus), T. tenuicingulatus, T. thouvignoni, T. topangensis, T. torosus, T. torquatus, T. trilineatus, T. trimarginata, T. trunensis, T. undulatus, T. vermiculosus, T. versicolor, T. vixcarinatus (syn. T. melania), T. wilburensis, T. zarcoi, T. zonatus
Species lacking formal opinion data

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Turbo Linnaeus
1815Turbo Rafinesque p. 144
1895Turbo Stanton p. 64
1928Turbo Woodring p. 408
1957Turbo Woodring
1960Turbo MacNeil p. 31
1962Turbo Weisbord p. 84
1966Turbo Ladd p. 47
1967Turbo Olsson p. 43
1982Turbo Ladd p. 27
1993Turbo Wilson p. 104
2001Turbo Todd
2002Turbo Sepkoski
2004Turbo Harzhauser p. 109
2005Turbo Bouchet et al. pp. 178, 245
2010Turbo Landau and Marques da Silva p. 13

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
RankNameAuthor
classGastropoda
subclassVetigastropoda(Salvini-Plawen 1980)
superfamilyTrochoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyTurbinidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyTurbininaeRafinesque 1815
genusTurboLinnaeus 1758

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Turbo Linnaeus 1758
show all | hide all
Subg. †Turbo (Carswellena) Iredale 1931
Subg. †Turbo (Dinassivica) Iredale 1937
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Invalid names: Turbo militaris Reeve 1848 [synonym]
Subg. Turbo (Euninella) Cotton 1939
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Subg. Turbo (Lunatica) Röding 1798
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Lunella cinerea Born 1778
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Invalid names: Turbo mespilus Gmelin 1791 [synonym], Turbo porcatus Reeve 1848 [synonym], Turbo porphyrites Gmelin 1791 [synonym]
Subg. Turbo (Marmarostoma) Swainson 1829
+
Subg. Marmorostoma (Batillus) Schumacher 1817
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Turbo (Batillus) priscus Ozawa and Tomida 1996
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Invalid names: Turbo canaliculatus Reeve 1848 [synonym]
Subg. Turbo (Ninella) Gray 1850
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Turbo (Ninella) desidiosus Rovereto 1914
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Invalid names: Turbo (Ninella) multicincta Sacco 1896 [synonym]
Subg. Turbo (Olearia) Herrmannsen 1847
Subg. Turbo (Senectus) Swainson 1840
+
+
Invalid names: Turbo (Marmarostoma) ayersi Olsson 1967 [synonym], Turbo crenulatoides Maury 1917 [synonym], Turbo crenulatus Gmelin 1791 [synonym], Turbo moltkianus Gmelin 1791 [synonym]
Turbo (Senectus) mounti Schremp 1981
Subg. Turbo (Subninella) Thiel 1929
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Subninella undulata Lightfoot 1786
Subg. Turbo (Taeniaturbo) Woodring 1928
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Subg. Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus 1758
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Turbo abbreviatus Klipstein 1843
Turbo agonistes Dall and Oschner 1928
Turbo alpinus Winckler 1861
Turbo angustus Klipstein 1843
Turbo biliratus Conrad 1848
Turbo bozasi Basse 1930
Turbo bruneus Röding 1798
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Invalid names: Lunatica squamosa Röding 1798 [synonym], Senectus necnivosus Iredale 1929 [synonym], Turbo concinnus Philippi 1846 [synonym], Turbo ticaonicus Reeve 1842 [synonym]
Turbo cochlearis Braun 1841
Turbo colusaensis Stanton 1895
Turbo conformis Perner 1903
Turbo corallii de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
Turbo denticulatus Lamarck 1804
Turbo elevatus Gabb 1870
Turbo ellipticus Klipstein 1843
Turbo eurymedon Laube 1869
Turbo fakaauensis Troendle and Letourneux 2012
Turbo fallax Lepsius 1878
Turbo festivus Anderson 1938
Turbo gerannae Münster 1841
Turbo gigas Imlay 1940
Turbo granulatus Gmelin 1791
Turbo haudcarinatus Münster 1841
+
Invalid names: Turbo satyrus Laube 1869 [synonym]
Turbo haynesi Preston 1914
Turbo helicinoides Lamarck 1804
Turbo hybridus Münster 1841
Turbo inflatus Münster 1840
Turbo intermedius Münster 1841
Turbo jaschianus Klipstein 1843
Turbo laminiferus Reeve 1848
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Invalid names: Turbo foliaceus Philippi 1846 [synonym], Turbo squamosus Gray 1847 [synonym]
Turbo licas Brosamlen 1909
Turbo lorinae Lepsius 1878
Turbo magister Perner 1903
Turbo mantelli Leymerie 1842
Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus 1758
Turbo multistriatus Böckh 1874
Turbo naricus Vredenburg 1928
Turbo nodulosocancellatus Klipstein 1843
Turbo obliquus Jenkins 1864
Turbo orthostoma Kittl 1894
Turbo ozawai Otuka 1938
Turbo perspeciosus Iredale 1929
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Invalid names: Turbo speciosus Reeve 1848 [synonym]
Turbo petraea Münster 1840
Turbo philippi Klipstein 1843
Turbo philippii Klipstein 1843
Turbo picteti Stoppani 1865
Turbo portentus White 1887
Turbo protocepoides Vredenburg 1928
Turbo pseudoundulatus Vredenburg 1928
Turbo pulcher Reeve 1842
Turbo radiosus Lamarck 1804
Turbo regius Gabb 1870
Turbo saltus Olsson 1922
Turbo sarmaticus Linnaeus 1758
Turbo semiplicatilis Klipstein 1843
Turbo serratus Stephenson 1953
Turbo squamulosus Lamarck 1804
Turbo subaciculus Seguenza 1885
Turbo subcarinatus Münster 1841
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Invalid names: Turbo bicingulatus Münster 1841 [synonym], Turbo strigillatus Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Turbo tricarinatus Münster 1841 [synonym], Turbo tricingulatus Klipstein 1843 [synonym]
Turbo tenuicingulatus Klipstein 1843
Turbo thouvignoni Magne and Saubade 1971
Turbo topangensis Arnold 1907
Turbo torosus Kirchner 1915
Turbo torquatus Gmelin 1791
Turbo trilineatus Stanton 1895
Turbo trimarginata d'Eichwald 1856
Turbo trunensis Böhm 1891
Turbo undulatus Lightfoot 1786
Turbo vermiculosus Dall and Oschner 1928
Turbo versicolor Gmelin 1791
Turbo vixcarinatus Münster 1841
+
Invalid names: Turbo melania Münster 1841 [synonym]
Turbo wilburensis Stanton 1895
Turbo zarcoi De Verneuil
Turbo zonatus Kirchner 1915
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
shell height1012.02.8020.615.76.20

Composition: aragonitec
Entire body: yesg
Adult width: 10 to < 100g
Adult height: 10 to < 100g
Thickness: intermediateg
Folds: noneg
Ribbing: minorg
Spines: minorg
Internal reinforcement: noneg
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: grazerf
Vision: limitedc
Comments: DIMENSIONS & MORPHOLOGY: Based on ten randomly selected figured species.g
Created: 2009-03-16 10:38:22
Modified: 2009-03-16 12:38:22
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Abbott and Dance 1986, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ladinian to the top of the Holocene or 242.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma

Collections (405 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Slovakia T. vixcarinatus (23867)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Hungary (Bakony) T. eurymedon (203199) T. haudcarinatus (203267)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Italy T. eurymedon (164208)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.3USA (Alaska) T. sp. (40672)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.3Germany T. alpinus (202142)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Italy T. eurymedon (69666) T. nodulosocancellatus (146390) T. orthostoma (50959 163817) T. semiplicatilis (146391) T. sp. (34692 69661) T. subcarinatus (144634) T. subcarinatus, T. bicingulatus, T. tricarinatus, T. haudcarinatus, T. vixcarinatus, T. melania, T. gerannae, T. cochlearis, T. intermedius, T. hybridus (137429) T. subcarinatus, T. eurymedon, T. haudcarinatus, T. vixcarinatus, T. orthostoma (144631) T. tricingulatus, T. strigillatus, T. abbreviatus (146389) T. tricingulatus, T. strigillatus, T. abbreviatus, T. angustus, T. ellipticus, T. jaschianus, T. philippi, T. tenuicingulatus (145649)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Italy (Belluno) T. sp. (207477)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Italy (Trento) T. solitarius (231838)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56USA (Nevada) T. regius (33202)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56USA (Alaska) T. sp. (112243)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6USA (Alaska) T. sp. (97816)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy T. picteti (204952) T. sp., T. picteti (204975)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy (Trento) T. lorinae, T. fallax (232118) T. solitarius (232113)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy (Lombardy) T. sp. (38083)
Angulata201.3 - 196.5France (Lorraine) T. rotundatus, T. gemmatus (53947)
Early/Lower Hettangian201.3 - 196.5France T. sp. (39215)
Planorbis201.3 - 196.5France T. sp. (39380)
Oxynotum196.5 - 189.6Canada (Northwest Territories) T. sp. (133092)
Pliensbachian190.8 - 182.7Greenland T. sp. (161207 161208)
Early/Lower Pliensbachian189.6 - 183.0Italy (Messina) T. subaciculus (173593)