PBDB Taxon

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Ptychopariina

Trilobita - Ptychopariida

Taxonomy

Ptychopariina was named by Richter (1933). It was considered paraphyletic by Fortey (1990).

It was assigned to Ptychopariida by Harrington and Leanza (1957), Fortey (1990), Sundberg (1994), Stitt (1998), Sundberg and McCollum (2000), Sundberg and McCollum (2003), Briggs et al. (2008) and Pour and Popov (2009).

Subtaxa

Conocoryphacea, Guizhoucephalina, Huaiaspis, Leiostegiacea, Luaspididae, Paraantagmus, Ptychopariacea, Ptychoparioidea, Tonopahella, Yuknessaspis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1933	Ptychopariina Richter
1957	Ptychopariina Harrington and Leanza
1990	Ptychopariina Fortey p. 562
1994	Ptychopariina Sundberg p. 53
1998	Ptychopariina Stitt p. 1037
2000	Ptychopariina Sundberg and McCollum p. 607
2003	Ptychopariina Sundberg and McCollum p. 345
2008	Ptychopariina Briggs et al. p. 249
2009	Ptychopariina Pour and Popov

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Artiopoda	(Hou and Bergstrom)
class	Trilobita	Walch 1771
subclass	Libristoma
order	Ptychopariida	Swinnerton 1915
suborder	Ptychopariina	Richter 1933
suborder	Ptychopariina	Richter 1933

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Ptychopariina Richter 1933

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G. †Guizhoucephalina Chien 1961

G. †Huaiaspis Li and Peng 2006

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†Huaiaspis huainanensis Li and Peng 2006

Fm. †Luaspididae Zhang and Yuan 1981

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G. †Luaspides Duan 1966

†Luaspides brevica Zhang and Yuan 1981

G. †Paraantagmus Qiu 1980

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†Paraantagmus latus Yuan and Li 1999

Superfm. †Ptychopariacea Matthew 1887

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G. †Eokochaspis Sundberg and McCollum 2000

†Eokochaspis cabinensis Sundberg and McCollum 2003

†Eokochaspis delamarensis Sundberg and McCollum 2000

†Eokochaspis longspina Sundberg and McCollum 2000

†Eokochaspis metalaspis Sundberg and McCollum 2000

†Eokochaspis nodosa Sundberg and McCollum 2000

†Eokochaspis piochensis Palmer and Halley 1979

G. †Hadrocephalites Sundberg and McCollum 2002

†Hadrocephalites carina Walcott 1917

†Hadrocephalites cecinna Walcott 1917

†Hadrocephalites convexus Rasetti 1951

†Hadrocephalites lyndonensis Sundberg and McCollum 2002

†Hadrocephalites rhytidodes Sundberg and McCollum 2002

Invalid names: Schistometopus Resser 1938 [nomen dubium]

G. †Kochina Resser 1935

†Kochina americana Walcott 1912

†Kochina bosworthensis Resser 1935

†Kochina macrops Rasetti 1951

G. †Mexicella Lochman 1948

†Mexicella antelopea Sundberg and McCollum 2000

†Mexicella grandoculus Palmer and Halley 1979

†Mexicella granulata Eddy and McCollum 1998

†Mexicella mexicana Lochman 1948

†Mexicella obscurus Palmer and Halley 1979

†Mexicella robusta Sundberg and McCollum 2000

†Mexicella stator Walcott 1916

Superfm. †Ptychoparioidea Matthew 1887

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G. †Cambroproteus Geyer 2015

†Cambroproteus lemdadensis Geyer 2015

Fm. †Inouyiidae Chang 1963

G. †Catinouyia Zhang and Yuan 1981

†Catinouyia typica Zhang and Yuan 1981

G. †Huainania Qiu 1983

G. †Inouyia Walcott 1911

†Inouyia capax Walcott 1906

†Inouyia granulosa Hall and Whitfield 1877

†Inouyia simulator Hall and Whitfield 1877

G. †Jiulongshania Park et al. 2008

†Jiulongshania longa Park et al. 2008

†Jiulongshania longispina Zhu and Wittke 1989

†Jiulongshania regularis Walcott 1906

Invalid names: Lorenzella pustulosa Chu 1959 [synonym]

†Jiulongshania rotundata Resser and Endo 1937

G. †Parainouyia Zhang et al. 1980

†Parainouyia fakelingensis Meng 1977

†Parainouyia lata Zhang et al. 1980

†Parainouyia prompta Zhang and Yuan 1981

G. †Parajialaopsis Zhang et al. 1980

†Parajialaopsis globus Zhang et al. 1980

G. †Pseudinouyia Zhang et al. 1995

†Pseudinouyia punctata Zhang et al. 1995

†Pseudinouyia transversa Zhang et al. 1995

G. †Kochaspis Resser 1935

†Kochaspis cooperi Lochman 1952

†Kochaspis gogensis Walcott 1917

†Kochaspis liliana Walcott 1886

Invalid names: Kochaspis highlandensis Resser 1935 [synonym]

†Kochaspis nevadensis Resser 1935

†Kochaspis unzia Walcott 1916

†Kochaspis upis Walcott 1916

Invalid names: Paleocrepicephalus Kobayashi 1935 [synonym]

G. †Tonopahella Sundberg and McCollum 2003

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†Tonopahella goldfieldensis Sundberg and McCollum 2003

†Tonopahella walcotti Sundberg and McCollum 2000

G. †Yuknessaspis Rasetti 1951

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†Yuknessaspis benningtonis Sundberg 1994

†Yuknessaspis benningtonis benningtonis Sundberg 1994

†Yuknessaspis benningtonis planus Sundberg 1994

†Yuknessaspis benningtonis convexus Sundberg 1994

Invalid names: Conocoryphacea Swinnerton 1915 [empty], Leiostegiacea Bradley 1925 [empty]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
R. A. Fortey 1990	A paraphyletic libristomate group retaining primitive characters; a combination of: relatively narrow rostral plate present, glabella barrel-shaped to tapering; natant hypostomal condition (possibly some secondarily conterminant); hypostome unspecialized; protaspis with forward-expanding axis reaching far forwards; with few exceptions micro- to heteropygous.