PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Bittium

Gastropoda - Cerithiidae

Taxonomy

Bittium was named by Gray (1847) [Sepkoski's age data: T Dani R Sepkoski's reference number: 700]. It is extant. Its type is Murex reticulatus.

It was assigned to Cerithiopsinae by Hoerle (1972); to Cerithiidae by Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947), Addicott (1970) and Squires (1988); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); to Cerithiadae by Fleming (1828), Weisbord (1962), Ladd (1972), Shuto (1978), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Beu et al. (1990), Wilson (1993), Pacaud and Le Renard (1995), Todd (2001), Wienrich (2001), Harzhauser (2002) and Vera-Peláez et al. (2004); to Bittiinae by Cossmann (1906), Givens and Kennedy (1976) and Bouchet et al. (2005); and to Cerithiinae by Squires (1987) and Perrilliat et al. (2006).

Species lacking formal opinion data

B. acuminiense, B. amitrovi, B. antarctonodosum, B. guineense, B. kamyshlakense, B. mahmoudi, B. ottoi, B. palaeocaenicum, B. pericallum, B. podagrinum, B. ridgei, B. ridgei, B. semigranosum, B. tresquatrum, B. tresquatrum

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1828	Bittium Fleming
1847	Bittium Gray
1906	Bittium Cossmann p. 137
1944	Bittium Durham p. 165
1947	Bittium Harris and Palmer p. 301
1962	Bittium Weisbord p. 175
1970	Bittium Addicott p. 52
1972	Hoerle p. 14
1972	Bittium Ladd p. 31
1976	Bittium Givens and Kennedy p. 965
1978	Bittium Shuto p. 150
1987	Bittium Squires p. 29
1987	Bittium Ward and Blackwelder p. 131
1988	Bittium Squires p. 11
1990	Bittium Beu et al. p. 406
1993	Bittium Wilson p. 115
1995	Bittium Pacaud and Le Renard p. 155
2001	Bittium Todd
2001	Bittium Wienrich p. 415
2002	Bittium Harzhauser p. 71
2002	Bittium Sepkoski
2004	Bittium Vera-Peláez et al. p. 257
2005	Bittium Bouchet et al. pp. 37, 248
2006	Bittium Perrilliat et al. p. 154

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca

Rank	Name	Author
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
superfamily	Cerithioidea	(Férussac 1819)
family	Cerithiidae	(Fleming 1822)
subfamily	Bittiinae	Cossmann 1906
genus	Bittium	Gray 1847

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Bittium Gray 1847

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Subg. Bittium (Bittium) Gray 1847

†Bittium (Bittium) estellensis Aldrich 1921

†Bittium (Bittium) paleonotum Stilwell et al. 2004

†Bittium (Bittium) samaranganum Martin 1884

Subg. †Bittium (Brachybittium) Weisbord 1962

†Bittium (Brachybittium) caraboboense Weisbord 1962

Subg. †Bittium (Cacozeliana) Strand 1928

Subg. Bittium (Cerithidium) Monterosato 1884

†Cerithidium plebeium Lozouet 1998

†Cerithidium submamillatum Rayneval and Ponzi 1854

Subg. Bittium (Elachista) Treitschke 1833

Subg. Bittium (Semibittium) Cossmann 1896

†Bittium (Semibittium) quadricingulatum Palmer 1923

Subg. Bittium (Stylidium)

†Bittium (Stylidium) anita Aldrich 1911

Subg. Bittium (Zebittium) Finlay 1927

†Bittium (Zebittium) brooksi Stilwell et al. 2004

Bittium arnoldi Bartsch 1911

†Bittium bramkampi Durham 1944

†Bittium cliffensis Hanna 1927

†Bittium deshayesi Cerulli Irelli 1912

†Bittium koeneni

Bittium latreilli Ávila et al. 2009

†Bittium longissimum Cooper 1894

Bittium munitum Carpenter 1864

†Bittium nugatorium Brown and Pilsbry 1911

†Bittium oamaruticum Bartrum 1919

†Bittium oedumi Schnetler 2001

Bittium pabloensis Clark 1915

†Bittium parvulum Nardini 1934

†Bittium preussi Hanna 1924

†Bittium quilonense Dey 1961

Bittium reticulatum Montagu 1803

Bittium reticulatum da Costa 1778

†Bittium scotti Brown and Pilsbry 1913

†Bittium serenum Hoerle 1972

†Bittium spina Partsch 1856

†Bittium topangensis Arnold 1907

Invalid names: Bittium trampasensis Clark 1915 [synonym], Cerithiopsis turneri Clark 1915 [synonym], Cerithium arnoldi Anderson and Martin 1914 [synonym]

†Bittium yaguense Gabb 1873

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	12	4.22	1.00	7.00	5.00	1.91

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

grazerf

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 07:11:54

Modified:

2009-09-10 09:11:54

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oxfordian to the top of the Holocene or 161.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 150.8 Ma

Collections (466 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian	161.2 - 150.8	France (Normandy)	B. russiensis (23539)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	Egypt	B. mahmoudi (98327)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Mississippi)	B. sp. (7456)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	B. sp. (205541)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Poland	B. triptychum (27819)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Texas)	B. estellense (5571 5573 5574 5583 5585 5587 5588 5589 5594 5595 5597 5598 5600 5601 5602 85315) B. estellensis (91778 91833) B. prekoeneni (205466) B. sp. (84467) B. sp. A, B. estellensis (98701)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Denmark	B. transenna (176994)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Antarctica	B. paleonotum (67063)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Belgium	B. versigranulum (22931)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.2	USA (Alabama)	B. estellense (98412)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.2	USA (Texas)	B. estellensis (98707 98733)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Germany	B. palaeocaenicum (3114)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Nigeria	B. guineense (7791)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Denmark	B. oedumi (35263)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	Poland	B. babicense, B. semigranulosum, B. subfragile, B. transenna, B. sp. (27018) B. gibbosum (27019)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Oregon)	B. sp. (52271) Cerithiopsis preussi (52304)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Spain	B. plicatulum (75320 75321 75322 75323 75324 75325 75327 75339 75355 75360 75404 75405) B. plicatulum, B. quadricinctum (75341) B. plicatulum, B. richei (75328) B. plicatulum, B. semigranulosum (75391 75397 75414) B. richei (75332 75356) B. semigranulosum (75370 75373 75374 75387 75392 75403 75410 75411 75412)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Belgium	B. semigranosum (77608)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Alabama)	B. anita (92345)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (California)	B. longissimum (122337) B. preussi (177611) B. quadricingulatum (201621)