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Azhdarchoidea
Taxonomy
Azhdarchoidea was named by Unwin (1992). It was considered monophyletic by Unwin (2003).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Azhdarchoidea by Unwin and Lü (1997), Unwin (2003), Osi et al. (2005), Andres and Norell (2005), Martill and Naish (2006), Unwin and Martill (2007), Naish et al. (2013), Andres and Myers (2013), Rodrigues and Kellner (2013), Kellner et al. (2019) and Agnolín et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Tapejaroidea by Andres and Norell (2005); to Lophocratia by Unwin (2003), Martill and Naish (2006), Unwin and Martill (2007) and Naish et al. (2013); to Pterosauria by Rodrigues and Kellner (2013); to Ornithocheiroidea by Andres and Myers (2013) and Andres et al. (2014); to Pterodactyloidea by Unwin and Lü (1997), Martill et al. (2013), Headden and Campos (2014), Pegas et al. (2016) and Kellner et al. (2019); and to Pterodactyloidea by Osi et al. (2005) and Agnolín et al. (2023).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Azhdarchoidea by Unwin and Lü (1997), Unwin (2003), Osi et al. (2005), Andres and Norell (2005), Martill and Naish (2006), Unwin and Martill (2007), Naish et al. (2013), Andres and Myers (2013), Rodrigues and Kellner (2013), Kellner et al. (2019) and Agnolín et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Tapejaroidea by Andres and Norell (2005); to Lophocratia by Unwin (2003), Martill and Naish (2006), Unwin and Martill (2007) and Naish et al. (2013); to Pterosauria by Rodrigues and Kellner (2013); to Ornithocheiroidea by Andres and Myers (2013) and Andres et al. (2014); to Pterodactyloidea by Unwin and Lü (1997), Martill et al. (2013), Headden and Campos (2014), Pegas et al. (2016) and Kellner et al. (2019); and to Pterodactyloidea by Osi et al. (2005) and Agnolín et al. (2023).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1844 | Palaeornis cliftii Mantell |
| 1888 | Ornithocheirus cliftii Lydekker |
| 1900 | Ornithocheirus clifti Van Den Broeck p. 106 |
| 1978 | Ornithocheirus cliftii Brodkorb p. 228 |
| 1978 | Ornithocheirus cliftii Wellnhofer |
| 1992 | Azhdarchoidea Unwin |
| 1997 | Azhdarchoidea Unwin and Lü |
| 2003 | Azhdarchoidea Unwin p. 169 |
| 2005 | Azhdarchoidea Andres and Norell pp. 3-4 fig. 3 |
| 2005 | Azhdarchoidea Osi et al. |
| 2006 | Azhdarchoidea Martill and Naish p. 926 |
| 2007 | Azhdarchoidea Unwin and Martill |
| 2013 | Azhdarchoidea Andres and Myers |
| 2013 | Azhdarchoidea Martill et al. |
| 2013 | Azhdarchoidea Naish et al. |
| 2013 | Azhdarchoidea Rodrigues and Kellner p. 3 |
| 2014 | Azhdarchoidea Andres et al. |
| 2014 | Azhdarchoidea Headden and Campos |
| 2016 | Azhdarchoidea Pegas et al. |
| 2019 | Azhdarchoidea Kellner et al. |
| 2023 | Azhdarchoidea Agnolín et al. p. 310 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Azhdarchoidea Unwin 1992
show all | hide all
Fm. †Azhdarchidae Nessov 1984
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G. †Azhdarcho Nessov 1981
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G. †Doratorhynchus Seeley 1875
G. †Phosphatodraco Pereda Suberbiola et al. 2003
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†Phosphatodraco mauritanicus Pereda Suberbiola et al. 2003
Subfm. †Quetzalcoatlinae Andres et al. 2014
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G. †Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975
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†Quetzalcoatlus lawsoni Andres and Langston Jr 2021
†Quetzalcoatlus northropi Lawson 1975
G. †Wellnhopterus Andres and Langston Jr 2021
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†Wellnhopterus brevirostris Andres and Langston Jr 2021
G. †Titanopteryx Arambourg 1959
Fm. †Dsungaripteridae Young 1964
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G. †Noripterus Young 1973
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†Noripterus complicidens Young 1973
†Noripterus parvus Bakhurina 1982
Invalid names: Phobetor Bakhurina 1986 [synonym]
G. †Nemicolopterus Wang et al. 2008 [forest dweller wing]
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†Nemicolopterus crypticus Wang et al. 2008
Unr. †Neoazhdarchia Unwin 2003
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Fm. †Chaoyangopteridae Lü et al. 2008
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Superfm. †Tapejaroidea Kellner 1989
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Unr. †Tapejaridae Kellner 1989
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G. †Huaxiapterus Lü and Yuan 2005
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†Huaxiapterus benxiensis Lü et al. 2007
†Huaxiapterus corollatus Lü et al. 2006
†Huaxiapterus jii Lü and Yuan 2005
G. †Ingridia Unwin and Martill 2007
G. †Sinopterus Wang and Zhou 2002
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†Sinopterus dongi Wang and Zhou 2002
†Sinopterus gui Li et al. 2003
Subfm. †Tapejarinae Kellner 1989
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G. †Aymberedactylus Pegas et al. 2016
G. †Caiuajara Manzig et al. 2014
G. †Caupedactylus Kellner 2013
G. †Tupandactylus Kellner and Campos 2007
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†Tupandactylus imperator Campos and Kellner 1997
†Tupandactylus navigans Frey et al. 2003
Unr. †Thalassodromidae Kellner and Campos 2007
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G. †Tupuxuara Kellner and Campos 1988
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†Tupuxuara deliradamus Witton 2009
†Tupuxuara leonardii Kellner and Campos 1994
†Tupuxuara longicristatus Kellner and Campos 1988
G. †Ornithostoma Seeley 1871
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Fm. †Protazhdarchidae Frey et al. 2011
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Unr. †Tapejaromorpha Andres et al. 2014
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Invalid names: Palaeornis cliftii Mantell 1844 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| D. M. Unwin 2003 | Tapejara wellnhoferi, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, their most recent common ancestor, and all its descendants |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: s = species, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Witton 2008, Hendy et al. 2009, Padian 1985, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Tithonian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 152.10000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (134 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Dsungaripteridae indet. (51858) | |
| Tithonian | Tanzania (Lindi) | Tapejaroidea indet. (89996) | |
| Tithonian - Berriasian | Thailand (Kalasin) | Azhdarchoidea indet. (157421) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Azhdarchidae indet. (164377) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bayern) | Aurorazhdarcho primordius (138219) | |
| Late/Upper Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Azhdarchidae indet. (80391) | |
| Berriasian | Romania (Judetul Bihor) | Azhdarchidae indet., Ornithocheiridae indet. (13335) | |
| Berriasian - Valanginian | China (Shandong) | Theropoda indet. (47070) | |
| Early/Lower Cretaceous | Mongolia (Ovorkhangai) | Tapejaroidea indet. (70140) | |
| Early/Lower Cretaceous | Chile (Antofagasta) | Pterodaustro sp. (92228) | |
| Late/Upper Valanginian - Early/Lower Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Palaeornis cliftii (73272) | |
| Valanginian - Barremian | Mongolia (Ovorhangai) | Dsungaripteridae indet., Phobetor parvus, Dsungaripterus parvus (55238) | |
| Valanginian - Barremian | Mongolia (Uvs) | Noripterus complicidens (91411) Noripterus complicidens, Dsungaripterus weii (91412) | |
| Valanginian - Albian | China (Xinjiang) | Ornithurae indet. (71847) | |
| Late/Upper Hauterivian - Aptian | Japan (Gifu) | Dsungaripteridae indet. (50310) | |
| Hauterivian - Barremian | Japan (Gifu) | Dsungaripteridae indet. (89998) | |
| Hauterivian - Barremian | China (Xinjiang) | Dsungaripterus sp. (220472) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) | Europejara olcadesorum (28006) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Eopteranodon lii (92903) Eopteranodon yixianensis (79522) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | United Kingdom (England) | Vectidraco daisymorrisae (90306) | |
| Barremian | United Kingdom (England) | Neoazhdarchia indet. (90213) Wightia declivirostris (101091) | |
| Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Chaoyangopterus zhangi (79523 79941) Huaxiapterus benxiensis (92905) Nemicolopterus crypticus (78922) Sinopterus dongi (92898) Sinopterus dongi, Sinopterus gui, Huaxiapterus jii, Huaxiapterus corollatus, Eoazhdarcho liaoxiensis, Shenzhoupterus chaoyangensis, Jidapterus edentus (92652) | |
| Aptian | China (Shandong) | Pterosauria indet. (55475) | |
| Aptian - Campanian | Brazil (Paraná) | Caiuajara dobruskii, Keresdrakon vilsoni (160057) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceara) | Tapejara imperator, Tapejaridae indet., Tapejara navigans, Thalassodrominae indet., Lacusovagus magnificens, Aymberedactylus cearensis, Azhdarchidae indet. (77891) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceará) | Caupedactylus ybaka (114920) Tupandactylus imperator (102227) Tupuxuara longicristatus, Tapejara wellnhoferi, Azhdarchoidea indet., Thalassodrominae indet., Kariridraco dianae, Thalassodromeus sethi (92290) Tupuxuara sp., Tupuxuara longicristatus, Thalassodromeus sethi, Tupuxuara leonardii, Tupuxuara deliradamus (67712) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian - Albian | China (Xinjiang) | Lonchognathosaurus acutirostris (89993) Noripterus complicidens (49817 49818) Noripterus complicidens, Dsungaripterus weii (49047 49819) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | China (Shandong) | Azhdarchidae indet. (100364) | |
| Albian | USA (Oregon) | Bennettazhia oregonensis (229463) Pteranodon oregonensis (92236) | |
| Albian | France (Champagne-Ardenne) | Azhdarchidae indet. (141003) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | USA (Texas) | Azhdarchidae indet. (84273) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Ornithostoma sedgwicki (94210) | |
| Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian | Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) | Afrotapejara zouhri (208784) Azhdarchidae indet., Azhdarchidae indet., Dsungaripteroidea indet. (52887) | |
| Cenomanian - Santonian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Azhdarchidae indet. (55254) | |
| Cenomanian - Santonian | Mongolia (Dornogov) | Azhdarchidae indet. (55758) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan) | Azhdarchidae indet. (58466 92327) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Azhdarchidae indet. (132347) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) | Alanqa saharica (96222) Alanqa saharica, Leptostomia begaaensis, Apatorhamphus gyrostega (209058) Azhdarchidae indet. (90079) Azhdarchidae indet., Alanqa saharica, Xericeps curvirostris (96223) Azhdarchidae indet., Tapejaridae indet., Pteranodontidae indet. (90076) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Lebanon | Microtuban altivolans (138218) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian | Japan (Kumamoto) | Azhdarchidae indet. (93995) | |
| Turonian - Early/Lower Campanian | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Azhdarchidae indet. (106492) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | Armenia (Vayots Dzor) | Azhdarchidae indet. (92185) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Azhdarcho imparidens (75943) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Czech Republic (Pardubice) | Cretornis hlavaci (93874) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Xorazm) | Azhdarchidae indet. (92328) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian - Coniacian | Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda) | Azhdarchidae indet. (58594) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Azhdarchidae indet. (49415) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian | Argentina (Mendoza) | Thanatosdrakon amaru (219506) | |
| Santonian | Hungary (Veszprém) | Bakonydraco galaczi, Pterosauria indet. (48722) | |
| Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda) | Pterosauria indet. (53134) | |
| Early/Lower Santonian | Tajikistan (Sogd) | Azhdarcho sp., Azhdarchidae indet. (58701) | |
| Campanian | USA (Montana) | Azhdarchidae indet. (22689) Montanazhdarcho minor (90189) Pterodactyloidea indet. (36934) | |
| Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Azhdarchidae indet. (168986) | |
| Campanian - Maastrichtian | Senegal (Thiès) | Quetzalcoatlus sp. (92227) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Saratov) | Azhdarchidae indet. (92330) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Azhdarchidae indet. (224094) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Penza) | Azhdarchidae indet., Ornithostoma orientalis (92329) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Austria (Niederosterreich) | Ornithocheirus sp. (48720) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | China (Zhejiang) | Zhejiangopterus linhaiensis (92188) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (British Columbia) | Azhdarchidae indet. (132556) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Russian Federation (Saratov) | Azhdarchidae indet. (92359) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Azhdarchidae indet. (52656 94765 189085) Quetzalcoatlus sp. (36264) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | Navajodactylus boerei (138830 138831) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Utah) | Azhdarchidae indet. (217077) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Romania (Sebeş) | Azhdarchidae indet. B (219187) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Azhdarchidae indet. (28454) Mistralazhdarcho maggii (220134) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Spain (Castilla y Leon) | Azhdarchidae indet. (28406) Azhdarcho sp. (28765) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Israel (Southern District) | Titanopteryx sp. (92192) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | Azhdarchidae indet. (14462) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | France (Occitanie) | Azhdarchidae indet. (35290) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Azhdarchidae indet. (48870 59887) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Spain (Valencia) | Azhdarchidae indet. (96461) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Aerotitan sudamericanus (135703) | |
| Maastrichtian | Jordan | Titanopteryx philadelphiae, Arambourgiania philadelphiae (13366) | |
| Maastrichtian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Azhdarchidae indet. (168417) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Titanopteryx sp. (78124) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania (Alba) | Albadraco tharmisensis (115074) Azhdarchidae indet. A (93729) Azhdarchidae indet. C (138892) Azhdarchoidea indet. (153475) Hatzegopteryx sp. (97813) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania (Hunedoara) | Azhdarchidae indet. (193773) Hatzegopteryx thambema (89991) Pterosauria indet. (13334) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Morocco (Chaouia-Ouardigha) | Phosphatodraco mauritanicus (92203) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Romania (Hunedoara) | Azhdarchidae indet. (167488) Hatzegopteryx sp. (26369) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Texas) | Azhdarchidae indet. (230207) Pterosauria indet. (92249 92251 230208) Quetzalcoatlus northropi (85191 230205 230206) Quetzalcoatlus sp. (52090 85190 92247) Wellnhopterus brevirostris (230204) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Pterosauria indet. (48866) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Morocco (Khouribga) | Azhdarchidae indet., Phosphatodraco mauritanicus (193774) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Morocco (Béni Mellal-Khénifra) | Azhdarchidae indet. (193775) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Australia (Western Australia) | Azhdarchidae indet. (92270) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Spain (Valencia) | Azhdarchidae indet. (47035) |