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Parareptilia (parareptile)
Taxonomy
Parareptilia was named by Lawrence (1868). It was considered monophyletic by Laurin and Reisz (1995).
It was corrected as Parareptilia by Gauthier et al. (1988), Laurin and Reisz (1995), Gow (2000), Modesto and Damiani (2003) and Martens et al. (2005); it was reranked as the unranked clade Parareptilia by Ford and Benson (2020).
It was assigned to Amniota by Gauthier et al. (1988); to Reptilia by Olson (1947), Olson (1962), Laurin and Reisz (1995), Gow (2000), Modesto and Damiani (2003), Martens et al. (2005) and Modesto et al. (2015); and to Neoreptilia by Ford and Benson (2020).
It was corrected as Parareptilia by Gauthier et al. (1988), Laurin and Reisz (1995), Gow (2000), Modesto and Damiani (2003) and Martens et al. (2005); it was reranked as the unranked clade Parareptilia by Ford and Benson (2020).
It was assigned to Amniota by Gauthier et al. (1988); to Reptilia by Olson (1947), Olson (1962), Laurin and Reisz (1995), Gow (2000), Modesto and Damiani (2003), Martens et al. (2005) and Modesto et al. (2015); and to Neoreptilia by Ford and Benson (2020).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1868 | Parareptilia Lawrence pp. 44, 45 |
1947 | Parareptilia Olson pp. 44, 45 |
1962 | Parareptilia Olson p. 95 |
1988 | Parareptilia Gauthier et al. p. 139 fig. 4.4 |
1995 | Parareptilia Laurin and Reisz p. 172 fig. 2 |
2000 | Parareptilia Gow p. 21 |
2003 | Parareptilia Modesto and Damiani p. 54 |
2005 | Parareptilia Martens et al. |
2015 | Parareptilia Modesto et al. p. 6 |
2020 | Parareptilia Ford and Benson p. 674 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subcl. †Parareptilia Lawrence 1868 [parareptile]
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Unr. †Bolosauria Kuhn 1959
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Fm. †Bolosauridae Cope 1878
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Subfm. †Belebeyinae Ivakhnenko 2001
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G. †Belebey Ivakhnenko 1973
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†Belebey augustodunensis Falconnet 2012
†Belebey chengi Müller et al. 2008
†Belebey maximi Tverdokhlebova 1987
†Belebey vegrandis Ivakhnenko 1973
Subfm. †Bolosaurinae Cope 1878
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G. †Bolosaurus Cope 1878
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†Bolosaurus grandis Reisz et al. 2002
†Bolosaurus major Broom 1913
†Bolosaurus striatus Cope 1878
Invalid names: Bolosaurus traati Tatarinov 1974 [nomen dubium]
Superor. †Cheloniamorpha Ivakhnenko 1997
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Or. †Pareiasaurida Ivakhnenko 1997
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Subor. †Nycteroleterina Ivakhnenko 1997
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Superfm. †Nycteroleteroidea Romer 1956
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Invalid names: Tokosauridae Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1984 [empty]
Invalid names: Elginioidea Cope 1896 [empty]
Invalid names: Pareiasaurina Ivakhnenko 1997 [empty]
Fm. †Millerettidae Romer 1956
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G. †Milleretta Broom 1948
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†Milleretta rubidgei Broom 1938
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Invalid names: Millerettoides platyceps Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerettops kitchingi Broom 1948 [synonym]
Invalid names: Millerettoides Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerettops Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerina Broom 1938 [replaced]
G. †Millerosaurus Broom 1948
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†Millerosaurus nuffieldi Watson 1957
†Millerosaurus ornatus Broom 1948
Invalid names: Nanomilleretta Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium], Nanomilleretta kitchingi Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Nyctiphruretidae Efremov 1938
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G. †Nyctiphruretus Efremov 1938
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†Nyctiphruretus acudens Efremov 1938
†Nyctiphruretus optabilis Bulanov 2002
Superfm. †Procolophonoidea Romer 1956
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Fm. †Owenettidae Broom 1939
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G. †Owenetta Broom 1939
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†Owenetta rubidgei Broom 1939
Invalid names: Colubrifer Carroll 1982 [synonym], Colubrifer campi Carroll 1982 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Saurodektes Modesto et al. 2004
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†Saurodektes rogersorum Modesto et al. 2003
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Invalid names: Owenetta kitchingorum Reisz and Scott 2002 [synonym]
Invalid names: Saurodectes Modesto et al. 2003 [replaced]
G. †Procolophonichnium Nopcsa 1923
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†Procolophonichnium haarmuehlensis Holst et al. 1970
†Procolophonichnium nopcsai Nopcsa 1923
†Procolophonichnium polonicum Ptaszynski 1990
†Procolophonichnium tirolensis Ceoloni et al. 1988
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Invalid names: Chelichnus tazelwurmi Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Paradoxichnium radeinensis Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Prochirotherium permicum Leonardi 1951 [synonym]
†Procolophonichnium winterswijkense Demathieu and Oosterink 1983
Invalid names: Contiichnus Citton et al. 2017 [synonym]
Fm. †Procolophonidae Lydekker 1889
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G. †Contritosaurus Ivakhnenko 1974
G. †Estheriophagus Novozhilov 1948
Subfm. †Leptopleuroninae Ivakhnenko 1979
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G. †Kapes Ivakhnenko 1975
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†Kapes amaenus Ivakhnenko 1975
†Kapes bentoni Spencer and Storrs 2002
†Kapes komiensis Ivakhnenko 1975
Invalid names: Macrophon Ivakhnenko 1975 [synonym]
G. †Leptopleuron Owen 1851
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†Leptopleuron lacertinum Owen 1851
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Invalid names: Telerpeton elginense Mantell 1852 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Telerpeton Mantell 1852 [objective synonym]
G. †Sclerosaurus von Meyer 1857
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†Sclerosaurus armatus von Meyer 1857
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Invalid names: Labyrinthodon ruetimeyeri Wiedersheim 1878 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aristodesmus Seeley 1895 [synonym]
G. †Myognathus
Subfm. †Procolophoninae Nopcsa 1928
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G. †Orenburgia Ivakhnenko 1975
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†Orenburgia bruma Ivakhnenko 1983
†Orenburgia concinna Ivakhnenko 1975
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Invalid names: Insulophon morachovskayae Novikov 1992 [synonym], Lestanshoria massiva Novikov 1991 [synonym]
†Orenburgia enigmaticus Chudinov and Vjushkov 1956
Invalid names: Insulophon Novikov 1992 [synonym], Lestanshoria Novikov 1991 [synonym], Samaria Novikov 1991 [synonym]
G. †Procolina Borsuk−Białynicka and Lubka 2009
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†Procolina teresae Borsuk−Białynicka and Lubka 2009
G. †Procolophon Owen 1876
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†Procolophon trigoniceps Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Procolophon baini Broom 1905 [synonym], Procolophon brasiliensis Cisneros and Schultz 2002 [synonym], Procolophon cuneiceps Seeley 1878 [synonym], Procolophon griersoni Seeley 1878 [synonym], Procolophon laticeps Seeley 1878 [synonym], Procolophon minor Owen 1876 [synonym], Procolophon platyrhinus Seeley 1905 [synonym], Procolophon pricei Lavina 1983 [synonym], Procolophon sphenorhinus Seeley 1905 [synonym]
Invalid names: Microtheledon Broom 1936 [nomen dubium], Thelegnathus parvus Broom 1905 [nomen dubium]
G. †Procolophonoides Ivakhnenko 1979
G. †Suchonosaurus Tverdochlebova and Ivakhnenko 1994
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†Suchonosaurus minimus Tverdochlebova and Ivakhnenko 1994
G. †Tichvinskia Chudinov and Vjushkov 1956
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†Tichvinskia burtensis Ochev 1958
†Tichvinskia vjatkensis Chudinov and Vjushkov 1956
Invalid names: Burtensia Ivakhnenko 1975 [synonym]
Invalid names: Paoteodon Chow and Sun 1960 [nomen dubium], Spondylolestidae Ivakhnenko 1979 [invalid subgroup], Thelegnathus Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Thelegnathus browni Broom 1905 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Tichvinskia jugensis Vjushkov and Chudinov 1956 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Procolophonomorpha Romer 1964
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Unr. †Ankyramorpha deBraga and Reisz 1996
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Superfm. †Lanthanosuchoidea Efremov 1940
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Fm. †Acleistorhinidae Daly 1969
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G. †Acleistorhinus Daly 1969
G. †Carbonodraco Mann et al. 2019
G. †Colobomycter Vaughn 1958
G. †Delorhynchus Fox 1962
G. †Feeserpeton MacDougall and Reisz 2012
G. †Karutia Cisneros et al. 2020
Unr. †Nyctiphruretia Lee 1995
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Fm. †Nycteroleteridae Romer 1956
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G. †Bashkyroleter Ivakhnenko 1997
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†Bashkyroleter bashkyricus Efremov 1940
†Bashkyroleter mesensis Ivakhnenko 1997
G. †Macroleter Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1984
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†Macroleter agilis Olson 1980
†Macroleter poezicus Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1984
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Invalid names: Tokosaurus perforatus Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1984 [synonym]
Invalid names: Tokosaurus Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1984 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bashkyroleterinae Ivakhnenko 1997 [empty], Nycteroleterinae Romer 1956 [empty]
Unr. †Procolophonia Seeley 1888
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Unr. †Hallucicrania Lee 1995
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Invalid names: Procolophoniformes Lee 1995 [synonym], Testudinomorpha Laurin and Reisz 1995 [empty]
Fm. †Sclerosauridae Nopsca 1923
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Invalid names: Procolophonida [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available