Súa Memvber, Onzole Formation: Early/Lower Pliocene, Ecuador

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Lonchopistus sp.
2 specimens
Diapterus sp.
1 specimen
Haemulopsis sp. Steindachner 1869
2 specimens
Syacium ovale
29 specimens
Actinopteri - Anguilliformes - Congridae
Paraconger californiensis
359 specimens
Actinopteri - Myctophiformes - Myctophidae
Lampadena sp. Goode and Bean 1893
1 specimen
Diaphus sp. Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1890
1 specimen
Actinopteri - Haemulidae
Orthopristis sp. Girard 1858
11 specimens
Orthopristis cf. cantharinus
1 specimen
Haemulon sp. Cuvier 1829
3 specimens
Actinopteri - Sciaenidae
Larimus cf. pacificus
1 specimen
Actinopteri - Perciformes - Serranidae
? Serranidae indet. Swainson 1839
1 specimen
Actinopteri - Gerreidae
Gerreidae indet.
1 specimen
Eucinostomus cf. currani
2 specimens
Actinopteri - Batrachoidiformes - Batrachoididae
Porichthys margaritatus
7 specimens
Porichthys analis
1 specimen
Porichthys cf. notatus Girard 1854
22 specimens
Actinopteri - Ophidiiformes - Ophidiidae
Chilara taylori (Girard 1858)
64 specimens
Otophidium indefatigabile
664 specimens
Lepophidium microlepis
12 specimens
Actinopteri - Ophidiiformes
Brotula cf. ordwayi
4 specimens
Actinopteri - Gobiiformes - Gobiidae
Gobiidae indet. Bonaparte 1832
16 specimens
Actinopteri - Kurtiformes - Apogonidae
Apogonidae indet. Bonaparte 1846
1 specimen
Apogon sp. Lacépède 1802
5 specimens
Actinopteri - Opistognathidae
Opistognathidae indet.
1 specimen
Actinopteri - Pleuronectiformes - Paralichthyidae
Citharichthys sp. Bleeker 1862
34 specimens
Actinopteri - Pleuronectiformes - Cynoglossidae
Cynoglossidae indet. Jordan 1963
4 specimens
Actinopteri - Pleuronectiformes - Pleuronectidae
Pleuronectidae indet.
134 specimens
Actinopteri - Gadiformes - Merlucciidae
Merluccius cf. angustimanus
1 specimen
Actinopteri - Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei
Anchoa sp. Jordan and Evermann 1927
470 specimens
Scaphopoda - Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Tesseracme cf. tesseragona
12 specimens
Dentalium sp. Linnaeus 1758
16 specimens
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
Pyramidella elenensis
5 specimens
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Architectonicidae
Architectonica nobilis Röding 1798
1 specimen
Gastropoda - Opisthobranchia - Cylichnidae
Acteocina cf. puruha Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
1 specimen
Gastropoda - Turritellidae
Turritella altilira Conrad 1857
95 specimens
recombined as Turritella (Bactrospira) altilira
Turritella abrupta (Spieker 1922)
Gastropoda - Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Crucibulum scutellatum
5 specimens
Crucibulum sp. Schumacher 1817
4 specimens
Gastropoda - Naticidae
Polinices hepaticus (Röding 1798)
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Cancellaria sp. Lamarck 1799
7 specimens
Cancellaria harpiniformis
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Mitridae
Mitra ecuadoriana Olsson 1964
2 specimens
Mitra musa
9 specimens
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Strioterebrum sp. Sacco 1891
32 specimens
Strioterebrum indocayapum Olsson 1964
14 specimens
Terebra cf. subsulcifera Brown and Pilsbry 1911
recombined as Terebra (Oreoterebra) subsulcifera
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus camaronus
25 specimens
Conus sp. Linnaeus 1758
6 specimens
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Turridae
Turridae indet. Swainson 1840
6 specimens
Gemmula cf. hindsiana Berry 1958
1 specimen
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Pseudomelatomidae
Buridrillia dalli
1 specimen
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Olividae
Oliva splendidula
170 specimens
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Cystiscidae
Persicula sp. Schumacher 1817
Gastropoda - Vermetidae
Serpulorbis sp. Sasso 1827
Gastropoda - Pseudomelaniidae
Carinodrillia sp. (Dall 1919)
8 specimens
Gastropoda - Eulimidae
Niso splendidula
11 specimens
Bivalvia - Pectinida - Spondylidae
Spondylus sp. Linnaeus 1758
1 specimen
Bivalvia - Pectinida - Pectinidae
Chlamys sp. Röding 1798
7 specimens
Pecten gordus Olsson 1964
6 specimens
recombined as Pecten (Pecten) gordus
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Pinnidae
Atrina cf. maura (Sowerby 1833)
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Ostreidae
Saccostrea cf. palmula (Carpenter 1857)
12 specimens
Undulostrea megodon (Hanley 1846)
35 specimens
Ostrea sp. Linnaeus 1758
20 specimens
Ostrea iridescens Gray 1854
40 specimens
Bivalvia - Arcida - Arcidae
Anadara sp. Gray 1847
15 specimens
Anadara reinharti (Lowe 1935)
120 specimens
Bivalvia - Arcida - Glycymerididae
Glycymeris lintea
Glycymeris sp. Da Costa 1778
1 specimen
Tucetona cf. strigilata (Sowerby 1833)
1 specimen
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae
Trachycardium sp. Mörch 1853
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Semelidae
Ervilia cf. meridionalis
35 specimens
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Tellinidae
Tellina sp. Linnaeus 1758
1 specimen
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Ungulinidae
Diplodonta sp. Bronn 1831
8 specimens
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Chamidae
Arcinella arcinella (Linnaeus 1767)
Chama pellucida Broderip 1835
20 specimens
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Veneridae
Lirophora mariae (d'Orbigny 1846)
1 specimen
Timoclea squamosa Carpenter 1857
1 specimen
recombined as Chioneryx squamosa
Bivalvia - Pholadida - Corbulidae
Caryocorbula amethystina (Olsson 1961)
10 specimens
Corbula sp. Bruguière 1789
10 specimens
Bivalvia - Lucinida - Lucinidae
Lucina mazatlantica
2 specimens
Bivalvia - Carditida - Carditidae
Strophocardia megastropha (Gray 1825)
1 specimen
Cardita crassicostata Sowerby 1825
1 specimen
recombined as Cardites crassicostata
see common names

Geography
Country:Ecuador State/province:Esmeraldas
Coordinates: 0.9° North, 79.9° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:0.7° North, 79.1° West
Basis of coordinate:estimated from map
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Pliocene
Stage:Zanclean 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:Early/Lower Pliocene
Age range of interval:5.33300 - 3.60000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Daule Formation:Onzole
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY: From the Súa Member of the Onzole Fm of the Daule Group, which overlies the lower member of the Onzole Fm (Late Miocene) and the Angostura Fm (Late Miocewne). AGE: Early Pliocene in text. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: Composite list 50–70-cm-thick shellbed at the base of the Su ́a Member.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:burrows,bioturbation silty sandstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: LITHOLOGY: Bulk samples consist of poorly lithified sediments (i.e., affected by incipient cementation only). LITHIFICATION: 50–70-cm-thick, mollusk-dominated fossiliferous horizon including widely scattered rip-up clasts with abundant macroborings by lithophagid bivalves (Gastrochaenolites) (Fig. 2B). In section, this shellbed has a simple internal architecture in which the bioclastic components, which are packed densely to loosely in the lower part, pass rapidly upward into a dispersed, matrix-supported biofabric (Fig. 2C). The embedding matrix consists of massive, silty sandstones thoroughly bioturbated by Thalassinoides burrows that form an irregularly shaped network of tunnels and wider chambers.
Environment:coastal indet.
Glacial or sequence phase:transgressive
Geology comments: lthough composed of largely autochthonous-parautochthonous specimens, the fossil assemblage contains mollusk species from a range of water depths and both soft- and hard-bottom habitats, implying in situ time averaging and admixture of different assemblages as transgression proceeded on a sediment-starved shoreline. Known depth ranges of the majority of the extant species, among which A. reinharti and O. splendidula are the dominant elements, point to deposition within an upper shoreface environment, even though a very few taxa, such as Chama pellucida and Ostrea iridescens, inhabit the foreshore zone; however, their presence in the assemblage may be interpreted as related to the substrate requirements rather than to water depth tolerances. High abundance at the outcrop level of the penshell A. maura is consistent with a shoreface setting, probably no more than 20–30 m in water depth. The most abundant species within this group (T. altilira altilira) is the prominent element of an upper shoreface fossil assemblage from the Miocene Angostura Formation (Cantalamessa et al., 2007). Shellbeds of this type, immediately overlying a Glossifungites-demarcated ravinement surface, are regarded as onlap shellbeds and record landward stratal convergence and attenuation during the earliest phases of marine transgression
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,original aragonite
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes:some genera,some macrofossils
Collection methods:bulk,surface (in situ),sieve,survey of museum collection
Minimum sieve size:1.000
Reason for describing collection:paleoecologic analysis
Collection method comments: COLLECTOR: By the authors, although not specified. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text. METHODS: Bulk samples, amalgamated from multiple replicates (,30 dm3 each) were collected from different lateral spots of the same fossiliferous horizon, and manual picking at outcrop level, in order to obtain large and rare species. Bulk samples consist of poorly lithified sediments (i.e., affected by incipient cementation only, with rocks easily disintegrable with hydrogen peroxide) that were soaked in a strongly diluted H2O2 and water solution and later washed with fresh water, air dried, and gently sieved through 1 mm mesh screens. Slightly < 1900 fish otoliths were extracted from a 1000 kg cumulative bulk sample amalgamated from multiple replicates collected adjacently over the entire exposed length of the same horizon (lateral spacing between the sampling sites is 100 m or less). Bulk material was reduced to a reasonable size after processing with water, air drying, and sieving (smallest screen 0.5 mm) and otoliths were separated from the final residue by hand picking.
Taxonomic list comments:COVERAGE: Exhaustive for molluscs and fish otoliths. NONENCLATURE: Not an authoritative publication, but with modern nomenclature, and species-resolution identifications.
Metadata
Database number:135043
Authorizer:A. Hendy Enterer:A. Hendy
Research group:marine invertebrate
Created:2012-10-20 05:15:29 Last modified:2013-11-25 13:37:23
Access level:authorizer only Released:2014-10-20 05:15:29
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
43321. G. Carnevale, W. Landini, L. Radgaini, C. Celma, and G. Cantalamessa. 2011. Taphonomic and paleoecological analyses (mollusks and fishes) of the Súa Member condensed shelled, upper Onzole Formation (Early Pliocene, Ecuador). Palaios 26(3):160-172 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/P. Wagner]