Cottonwood Pass (Lower Nodular Zone): Orellan, South Dakota

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia - Didelphimorphia - Didelphidae
Peratherium sp. Aymard 1850
    = Didelphidae indet. Gray 1821
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Mammalia - Leptictidae
Ictops sp. Leidy 1868
    = Leptictidae indet. Gill 1872
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Mesohippus bairdii (Leidy 1850)
recombined as Mesohippus bairdi
described by Forsten 1970a
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
Hyracodon nebraskensis (Leidy 1850)
see also Prothero 1996e
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Subhyracodon sp. Wood 1927
includes "Caenopus sp."; Damuth indicates there are two size classes
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Colodon dakotensis Osborn and Wortman 1895
synonym of Colodon occidentalis
Mammalia - Anthracotheriidae
Heptacodon occidentalis (Osborn and Wortman 1894)
recombined as Heptacodon occidentale
omitted by Clark and Kietzke 1967
Bothriodon rostratus (Scott 1894)
recombined as Aepinacodon rostratus
Mammalia - Entelodontidae
Archaeotherium mortoni Leidy 1850
Archaeotherium wanlessi Sinclair 1922
Mammalia - Hypertragulidae
Hypertragulus calcaratus (Cope 1873)
Mammalia - Leptomerycidae
Leptomeryx evansi Leidy 1853
Mammalia - Agriochoeridae
Agriochoerus antiquus Leidy 1850
Mammalia - Camelidae
Poebrotherium wilsoni Leidy 1847
includes "P. andersoni" of Sinclair 1924 from "lower concretionary zone in the west part of the Indian Creek basin, near the pass into Little Corral Draw, Washington County" - i.e., Cottonwood Pass; and F:AM specimens of Prothero 1996d
Mammalia - Merycoidodontidae
Miniochoerus affinis (Leidy 1869)
Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
includes their "M. battlecreekensis"; "Cottonwood Pass area" Shannon Co., Brule Zone A
Miniochoerus gracilis (Leidy 1851)
Merycoidodon culbertsoni (Leidy 1848)
original and current combination Merycoidodon culbertsonii
additional specimens of Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 are from 1/2 mi N, 1 mi N, 1 1/2 mi N, N side, S side, 1 mi S, 1 1/2 mi S, and 1 mi E of Cottonwood Pass; also their "M. culbertsoni osborni" from 1 mi E of Cottonwood Pass; "Paramerycoidodon georgei" type from "1 1/2 mi. S of Cottonwood Pass"; also "1 mi. N."; "1-1 1/2 mi. S." of Cottonwood Pass; "Genetochoerus periculorum" from "Cottonwood Creek" (PU specimen); "1 mi. N." and "1 1/2 mi. S." of Cottonwood Pass; all Brule Zone A
Paramerycoidodon georgei n. sp. Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
Schultz and Falkenbach 1968
synonym of Merycoidodon culbertsonii
Mammalia - Leptochoeridae
Leptochoerus sp. Leidy 1856
omitted by Clark and Kietzke 1967
Stibarus obtusilobus Cope 1873
omitted by Clark and Kietzke 1967
Mammalia - Tayassuidae
Perchoerus nanus (Marsh 1894)
Mammalia - Carnivora - Nimravidae
Dinictis sp. (Leidy 1854)
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Hoplophoneus sp. Cope 1874
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Mammalia - Carnivora - Subparictidae
Subparictis dakotensis (Clark 1936)
    = Parictis cf. dakotensis Clark 1936
Baskin and Tedford 1996
recombined as Subparictis dakotensis
"P. primaevus" of Clark and Guensburg 1972 from LNZ, Scenic Mbr., NW 1/4 sec 11 T42N R45W - i.e., Damuth's locality
Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Daphoenus sp. Leidy 1853
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Cynodictis gregarius (Cope 1873)
    = Hesperocyon gregarius Cope 1873
Wang 1994
1 mi N of pass, 4 ft above base of lower nodules, Lower Oreodon beds; 0.75 mi S of eastern end of pass, top of Lower Oreodon beds; S side of pass upper Middle Oreodon beds; Clark and Kietzke 1967 list Hesperocyon
Mammalia - Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodon sp. Laizer and Parieu 1838
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Megalagus turgidus (Cope 1873)
omitted by Clark and Kietzke 1967
Palaeolagus haydeni Leidy 1856
Mammalia - Rodentia - Aplodontidae
Prosciurus relictus (Cope 1873)
recombined as Altasciurus relictus
omitted by Clark and Kietzke 1967
Mammalia - Rodentia - Ischyromyidae
Ischyromys typus Leidy 1856
Mammalia - Rodentia - Eomyidae
Paradjidaumo trilophus (Cope 1873)
recombined as Adjidaumo trilophus
omitted by Clark and Kietzke 1967
Adjidaumo minutus (Cope 1873)
Mammalia - Rodentia - Eutypomyidae
Eutypomys thomsoni Matthew 1905
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Eumys elegans Leidy 1856
Reptilia - Rhineuridae
Rhineura sp. Cope 1861
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Reptilia
Peltosaurus sp. Cope 1873
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Reptilia - Testudines - Emydidae
Graptemys sp. Agassiz 1857
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Stylemys sp. Leidy 1851
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Reptilia - Gruiformes - Bathornithidae
Bathornis sp. Wetmore 1927
Clark and Kietzke 1967
Amphibia
Amphibia indet. Linnaeus 1758
Clark and Kietzke 1967
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:South Dakota County:Shannon
Coordinates: 43.3° North, 102.5° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:44.4° North, 94.3° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Oligocene
Stage:Rupelian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 4
*Period:Tertiary
Key time interval:Orellan
Age range of interval:33.90000 - 31.80000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Brule Member:Scenic
Local section:BgBad Local bed:4
Local order:bottom to top
Stratigraphic resolution:member
Stratigraphy comments: Lower Nodular Zone
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: not reported
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection size:481 specimens
Reason for describing collection:paleoecologic analysis
Taxonomic list comments:Damuth collection is entirely from an area of less than 1 square mile "in the upper half of the stratigraphic section": Clark and Kietzke 1967; NISP 481
possibly relevant: Parictis sp. Hunt 1998a: "Scenic Member... Cottonwood Pass area, Washabaugh County"
"Paratylopus sp." is omitted by Clark and Kietzke 1967 and of uncertain status in any case
Metadata
Also known as:Collections VII, VIII, and IX; Near Stream Facies
Database number:17094
Authorizer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot Enterer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot
Modifier:J. Alroy Research group:vertebrate
Created:1995-10-18 00:00:00 Last modified:2010-11-18 22:06:02
Access level:the public Released:1995-10-18 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
1328. J. Damuth. 1982. Analysis of the Preservation of Community Structure in Assemblages of Fossil Mammals. Paleobiology 8(4):434-446 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
1034 J. A. Baskin and R. H. Tedford. 1996. Small Arctoid and Feliform Carnivorans. In D. R. Prothero and R. M. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America 486-497 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
6205 J. Clark and K. K. Kietzke. 1967. Paleoecology of the Lower Nodular Zone, Brule Formation, in the Big Badlands of South Dakota. Fieldiana 5(7):111-137 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
14270 J. A. Holman. 1972. Herpetofauna of the Calf Creek Local Fauna (Lower Oligocene: Cypress Hills Formation) of Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 9(12):1612-1631 [R. Whatley/R. Whatley/E. Vlachos]
57282 D. R. Prothero. 2009. The Early Evolution of the North American Peccaries (Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae). Papers on Geology, Vertebrate Paleontology, and Biostratigraphy in Honor of Michael O. Woodburne (Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 65) 509-541 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot]
3068 C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach. 1956. Miniochoerinae and Oreonetinae two new subfamilies of oreodonts. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 109(4):373-482 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
3069 C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach. 1968. The Phylogeny of the Oreodonts. Part 1: Merycoidodontinae, Eporeodontinae, and Leptaucheniinae, Three Subfamilies Of Oreodonts, With an Appendix to the Revision Of The Merycoidodontidae, and Part 2. Summary and Conclusions Concerning the Merycoidodontidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 139:1-498 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
6226 X. Wang. 1994. Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 221:1-207 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]