Big Spring Canyon: Clarendonian, South Dakota
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
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Neohipparion occidentale
(Leidy 1856)
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= Hippotherium dolichops n. sp.
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Castoridae
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Eucastor sp.
Allen 1877
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AMNH specimen described by Stirton 1935 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Mylagaulidae
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Mylagaulus sp.
Cope 1878
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= Mylagaulidae indet.
Cope 1881
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Korth 2000 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Hypolagus fontinalis n. sp.
Dawson 1958
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Dawson 1958 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Talpidae
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Talpidae indet.
(Fischer de Waldheim 1817)
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= Domninoides sp.
Green 1956
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Hutchison 1968 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Teleoceras sp.
Hatcher 1894
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= Teleoceras major
Hatcher 1894
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Voorhies 1985 | |||||||||
accords with Prothero 1989 pers. comm. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Merychippus sp.
Leidy 1856
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= Equidae indet.
Gray 1821
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Hypohippus sp.
(Leidy 1858)
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original and current combination Anchitherium (Hypohippus) | ||||||||||
Nannippus sp.
(Matthew 1926)
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Hulbert 1989 | |||||||||
pers. commun.: "A" | ||||||||||
Pseudhipparion cf. gratum
(Leidy 1869)
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(3 measurements) | ||||||||||
Calippus martini
Hesse 1936
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Hulbert 1989 | |||||||||
pers. commun. | ||||||||||
Pliohippus cf. pernix
Marsh 1874
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(3 measurements) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Tayassuidae
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Macrogenis crassigenis
(Matthew and Gidley 1904)
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Wright 1983 | |||||||||
"BSC" | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Camelidae
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Megatylopus sp.
(Matthew and Cook 1909)
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= Camelidae indet.
Gray 1821
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
? Protolabis sp.
Cope 1876
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confirmed by Honey and Taylor 1978 | ||||||||||
Procamelus grandis
Gregory 1939
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Pliauchenia magnifontis
Gregory 1939
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Mammalia
- Moschidae
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Longirostromeryx wellsi
(Matthew 1904)
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Mammalia
- Palaeomerycidae
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Cranioceras dakotensis
Frick 1937
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= Cranioceras unicornis
Matthew 1918
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Frick 1937 | |||||||||
AMNH collection | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Antilocapridae
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Merycodus furcatus
(Leidy 1869)
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= Cosoryx cf. furcatus
Leidy 1869
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Merycoidodontidae
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Metoreodon cf. profectus
(Matthew and Cook 1909)
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= Merychyus novomexicanus
Frick 1929
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
invalid subgroup of Ustatochoerus medius | ||||||||||
"Ustatochoerus cf. skinneri" of Voorhies 1985: "U. profectus" of Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Nimravidae
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? Megantereon whitfordi
(Barbour and Cook 1915)
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= Barbourofelis whitfordi
Barbour and Cook 1915
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Pseudaelurus sp.
Leidy 1858
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Amphicyonidae
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Ischyrocyon hyaenodus
Matthew and Gidley 1904
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= Ischyrocyon gidleyi
Matthew 1902
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Mustelidae indet.
Fischer 1817
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"cf. Bassariscus or Leptarctus" | ||||||||||
Martes campestris
Gregory 1942
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recombined as Sthenictis campestris | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Leptocyon sp.
Matthew 1918
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"Vulpes": see description of Nelson & Madsen 1987 | ||||||||||
= Leptocyon matthewi
Tedford et al. 2009
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Tedford et al. 2009 | |||||||||
Aelurodon inflatus n. sp.
VanderHoof and Gregory 1940
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synonym of Epicyon saevus | ||||||||||
Aelurodon taxoides
Hatcher 1894
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see also Wang et al. 1999 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Gomphotheriidae
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Amebelodon sp.
Barbour 1927
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see common names |
Geography
Country: | United States | State/province: | South Dakota | County: | Bennett |
Coordinates: | 43.2° North, 101.8° West (view map) | ||||
Paleocoordinates: | 43.7° North, 99.2° West | ||||
Basis of coordinate: | based on political unit |
Time
Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Miocene |
*Period: | Tertiary | ||
Key time interval: | Clarendonian | ||
Age range of interval: | 13.60000 - 10.30000 m.y. ago | ||
* legacy (obsolete) database fields |
Stratigraphy
Lithology and environment
Environment: | terrestrial indet. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
Museum repositories: | SDSM |
Taxonomic list comments:earlier AMNH collections are from site 1 sites 1-3, 5-10, 12, and 15-19 are within about 130 m of each other in less than a 20 foot interval; site 4 includes only the type of P. magnifontis, also known from the main quarry; 13 and 14 include only Eucastor |
Metadata
Also known as: | UCMP V-3322; SDSM V-512; Ed Ross Ranch | ||
Database number: | 18063 | ||
Authorizer: | J. Alroy, J. Marcot | Enterer: | J. Alroy, J. Marcot |
Modifier: | J. Alroy | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 1992-08-05 00:00:00 | Last modified: | 2009-07-15 19:36:07 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 1992-08-05 00:00:00 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
1720. | J. T. Gregory. 1942. Pliocene Vertebrates From Big Spring Canyon South Dakota. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 26(4):307-446 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot] |
Secondary references:
6294 | J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari] | |
1335 | M. R. Dawson. 1958. Later Tertiary Leporidae of North America. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions Vertebrata 6:1-75 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Holroyd] | |
6222 | C. Frick. 1937. Horned ruminants of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 69:1-669 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen] | |
1952 | R. C. Hulbert, Jr. 1989. Phylogenetic Interrelationships and Evolution of North American Late Equidae. In D. R. Prothero and R. M. Schoch (eds.), The Evolution of Perissodactyls [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen] | |
1989 | J. H. Hutchison. 1968. Fossil Talpidae (Insectivora, Mammalia) from the Tertiary of Oregon. Bulletin of the Museum of Natural History, University of Oregon 11:1-117 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen] | |
2143 | W. W. Korth. 2000. Review of Miocene (Hemingfordian to Clarendonian) mylagaulid rodents (Mammalia) from Nebraska. Annals of Carnegie Museum 69(4):227-280 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot] | |
52058 | R. H. Tedford, X. Wang, and B. E. Taylor. 2009. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325:1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot/G. Lloyd] | |
3505 | M. R. Voorhies. 1985. National Geographic Society Research Reports [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
3773 | D. B. Wright. 1983. Later Miocene Tayassuidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) of North America. University of Nebraska, M. S. thesis 1-350 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Sepkoski] |