Big Spring Canyon: Clarendonian, South Dakota

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Neohipparion occidentale (Leidy 1856)
    = Hippotherium dolichops n. sp.
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Rodentia - Castoridae
Eucastor sp. Allen 1877
AMNH specimen described by Stirton 1935
Mammalia - Rodentia - Mylagaulidae
Mylagaulus sp. Cope 1878
    = Mylagaulidae indet. Cope 1881
Korth 2000
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Hypolagus fontinalis n. sp. Dawson 1958
Dawson 1958
Mammalia - Talpidae
Talpidae indet. (Fischer de Waldheim 1817)
    = Domninoides sp. Green 1956
Hutchison 1968
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Teleoceras sp. Hatcher 1894
    = Teleoceras major Hatcher 1894
Voorhies 1985
accords with Prothero 1989 pers. comm.
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Merychippus sp. Leidy 1856
    = Equidae indet. Gray 1821
Alroy 2002
Hypohippus sp. (Leidy 1858)
original and current combination Anchitherium (Hypohippus)
Nannippus sp. (Matthew 1926)
Hulbert 1989
pers. commun.: "A"
Pseudhipparion cf. gratum (Leidy 1869)
(3 measurements)
Calippus martini Hesse 1936
Hulbert 1989
pers. commun.
Pliohippus cf. pernix Marsh 1874
(3 measurements)
Mammalia - Tayassuidae
Macrogenis crassigenis (Matthew and Gidley 1904)
Wright 1983
"BSC"
Mammalia - Camelidae
Megatylopus sp. (Matthew and Cook 1909)
    = Camelidae indet. Gray 1821
Alroy 2002
? Protolabis sp. Cope 1876
confirmed by Honey and Taylor 1978
Procamelus grandis Gregory 1939
Pliauchenia magnifontis Gregory 1939
Mammalia - Moschidae
Longirostromeryx wellsi (Matthew 1904)
Mammalia - Palaeomerycidae
Cranioceras dakotensis Frick 1937
    = Cranioceras unicornis Matthew 1918
Frick 1937
AMNH collection
Mammalia - Antilocapridae
Merycodus furcatus (Leidy 1869)
    = Cosoryx cf. furcatus Leidy 1869
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Merycoidodontidae
Metoreodon cf. profectus (Matthew and Cook 1909)
    = Merychyus novomexicanus Frick 1929
Alroy 2002
invalid subgroup of Ustatochoerus medius
"Ustatochoerus cf. skinneri" of Voorhies 1985: "U. profectus" of Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
Mammalia - Carnivora - Nimravidae
? Megantereon whitfordi (Barbour and Cook 1915)
    = Barbourofelis whitfordi Barbour and Cook 1915
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Pseudaelurus sp. Leidy 1858
Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Ischyrocyon hyaenodus Matthew and Gidley 1904
    = Ischyrocyon gidleyi Matthew 1902
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustelidae indet. Fischer 1817
"cf. Bassariscus or Leptarctus"
Martes campestris Gregory 1942
recombined as Sthenictis campestris
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Leptocyon sp. Matthew 1918
"Vulpes": see description of Nelson & Madsen 1987
    = Leptocyon matthewi Tedford et al. 2009
Tedford et al. 2009
Aelurodon inflatus n. sp. VanderHoof and Gregory 1940
synonym of Epicyon saevus
Aelurodon taxoides Hatcher 1894
see also Wang et al. 1999
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Amebelodon sp. Barbour 1927
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:South Dakota County:Bennett
Coordinates: 43.2° North, 101.8° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:43.7° North, 99.2° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Miocene
*Period:Tertiary
Key time interval:Clarendonian
Age range of interval:13.60000 - 10.30000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Lithology and environment
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:SDSM
Taxonomic list comments:earlier AMNH collections are from site 1
sites 1-3, 5-10, 12, and 15-19 are within about 130 m of each other in less than a 20 foot interval; site 4 includes only the type of P. magnifontis, also known from the main quarry; 13 and 14 include only Eucastor
Metadata
Also known as:UCMP V-3322; SDSM V-512; Ed Ross Ranch
Database number:18063
Authorizer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot Enterer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot
Modifier:J. Alroy Research group:vertebrate
Created:1992-08-05 00:00:00 Last modified:2009-07-15 19:36:07
Access level:the public Released:1992-08-05 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

1720. J. T. Gregory. 1942. Pliocene Vertebrates From Big Spring Canyon South Dakota. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 26(4):307-446 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
1335 M. R. Dawson. 1958. Later Tertiary Leporidae of North America. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions Vertebrata 6:1-75 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Holroyd]
6222 C. Frick. 1937. Horned ruminants of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 69:1-669 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
1952 R. C. Hulbert, Jr. 1989. Phylogenetic Interrelationships and Evolution of North American Late Equidae. In D. R. Prothero and R. M. Schoch (eds.), The Evolution of Perissodactyls [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
1989 J. H. Hutchison. 1968. Fossil Talpidae (Insectivora, Mammalia) from the Tertiary of Oregon. Bulletin of the Museum of Natural History, University of Oregon 11:1-117 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
2143 W. W. Korth. 2000. Review of Miocene (Hemingfordian to Clarendonian) mylagaulid rodents (Mammalia) from Nebraska. Annals of Carnegie Museum 69(4):227-280 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
52058 R. H. Tedford, X. Wang, and B. E. Taylor. 2009. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325:1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot/G. Lloyd]
3505 M. R. Voorhies. 1985. National Geographic Society Research Reports [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
3773 D. B. Wright. 1983. Later Miocene Tayassuidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) of North America. University of Nebraska, M. S. thesis 1-350 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Sepkoski]