Conard Fissure: Irvingtonian, Arkansas
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia
- Colubridae
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Carphophis sp.
Gervais 1840
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Thamnophis sirtalis
Linnaeus
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Heterodon sp.
Latreille 1801
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Lampropeltis doliata
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Lampropeltis getulus
(Linnaeus 1766)
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Lampropeltis ? calligaster
(Harlan 1827)
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Coluber flagellum
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Coluber sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Coluber cf. constrictor
Linnaeus 1758
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Gilmore 1938 | |||||||||
Coluber constrictor
Linnaeus 1758
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Elaphe sp.
Wagler 1833
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Elaphe guttata
(Linnaeus 1766)
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Elaphe vulpina
(Baird and Girard 1853)
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Pituophis sp.
Holbrook 1842
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Gilmore 1938 | |||||||||
vertebrae | ||||||||||
Pituophis melanoleucus
(Daudin 1803)
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Crotalidae
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Crotalus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Gilmore 1938 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
AMNH 6404, left articular | ||||||||||
? Crotalus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Dowling 1958 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Chiroptera
- Vespertilionidae
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Eptesicus grandis
(Brown 1908)
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= Eptesicus fuscus
Beauvois 1796
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
a bat | ||||||||||
Myotis leibi
(Audubon and Bachman 1842)
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Kurten and Anderson 1980 | |||||||||
recombined as Myotis leibii | ||||||||||
a bat; presumably = "M. subulatus(?)" | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Panthera onca
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Kurten and Anderson 1980 | |||||||||
suggested by Simpson 1941b, and called into question by Seymour 1993 | ||||||||||
Acinonyx studeri
(Savage 1960)
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= Miracinonyx studeri
Savage 1960
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
also "Felis longicrus" type of Brown 1908 and "F. cougar" of Brown 1908, according to Simpson 1941b | ||||||||||
Lynx rufus
(Schreber 1777)
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Kurten and Anderson 1980 | |||||||||
presumably includes "L. compressus"; also mentioned by Werdelin 1985 | ||||||||||
Smilodontopsis troglodytes
Brown 1908
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= Smilodon fatalis
Leidy 1868
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
"S. conardi" | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Mustela gracilis n. sp.
(Brown 1908)
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= Mustela frenata
Lichtenstein 1831
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Kurten and Anderson 1980 | |||||||||
recombined as Neogale frenata | ||||||||||
Mustela vison
(Schreber 1777)
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recombined as Neogale vison | ||||||||||
Mustela cicognanii
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= Mustela erminea
Linnaeus 1758
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Kurten and Anderson 1980 | |||||||||
"Mustela cicognanii angustidens": | ||||||||||
Martes diluviana
(Cope 1889)
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Kurten and Anderson 1980 | |||||||||
recombined as Pekania diluviana | ||||||||||
presumably includes "M. pennanti" (also suspected by Hall 1936) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mephitidae
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Brachyprotoma pristina
Brown 1908
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(4 measurements) | ||||||||||
= Brachyprotoma obtusata
Cope 1899
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mephitis mesomelas
Lichtenstein 1832
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= Mephitis mephitis
Schreber 1776
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
"Mephitis mesomelas newtonensis": believed by Hall 1936 to probably be a Recent intrusive | ||||||||||
Spilogale interrupta
(Rafinesque 1820)
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= Spilogale ? putorius
Linnaeus 1758
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Procyonidae
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Procyon lotor
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Euarctos americanus
(Pallas 1780)
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= Ursus americanus
Pallas 1780
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Urocyon sp.
Baird 1857
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= Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Schreber 1775
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Kurten and Anderson 1980 | |||||||||
Canis occidentalis
Richardson 1829
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= Canis lupus
Linnaeus 1758
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Nowak 1979 | |||||||||
= Canis armbrusteri
Gidley 1913
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Tedford et al. 2009 | |||||||||
Canis latrans
Say 1823
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Nowak 1979 | |||||||||
Vulpes fulva
Desmarest 1829
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= Vulpes sp.
Frisch 1775
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus ? scotti
Gidley 1900
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synonym of Equus (Hesperohippus) mexicanus | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Tayassuidae
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Mylohyus browni
Gidley 1920
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= Mylohyus fossilis
Leidy 1860
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Cervus canadensis
Erxleben 1777
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= Cervus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Odocoileus virginianus
(Zimmermann 1780)
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Kurten and Anderson 1980 | |||||||||
presumably includes "O. hemionus(?)" | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Symbos australis
Brown 1908
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= Bootherium bombifrons
Harlan 1825
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Soricidae
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Blarina brevicauda
(Say 1823)
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includes type of "B. ozarkensis": see Jones et al. 1984 | ||||||||||
Sorex obscurus
Merriam 1895
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= Sorex monticolus
Merriam 1890
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Microsorex minutus
Brown 1908
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= Sorex minutus
Brown 1908
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
synonym of Sorex minutus | ||||||||||
Sorex personatus
Brown 1908
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= Sorex cinereus
Kerr 1792
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Sorex fumeus
Miller 1895
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Mammalia
- Talpidae
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Scalopus aquaticus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Sciuridae
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Sciurus hudsonicus
Erxleben 1777
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= Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
Erxleben 1777
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
presumably includes "Tamias nasutus" | ||||||||||
Marmota monax
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Citellus tridecemlineatus
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= Spermophilus ? tridecemlineatus
Mitchell 1821
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Castoridae
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Castor canadensis
Kuhl 1820
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Geomyidae
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Geomys parvidens
Gidley 1922
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= Geomys bursarius
Shaw 1800
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Kurten and Anderson 1980 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Ondatra annectens
(Brown 1908)
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Microtus llanensis
Hibbard 1944
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= Pedomys llanensis
Hibbard 1944
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
original and current combination Microtus llanensis | ||||||||||
Microtus paroperarius
Hibbard 1944
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Microtus cumberlandensis
(van der Meulen 1978)
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= Pitymys cumberlandensis
van der Meulen 1978
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Neotoma ozarkensis
Brown 1908
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i.d. accepted by Zakrzewski 1993 | ||||||||||
Peromyscus sp.
Gloger 1841
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Reithrodontomys sp.
Giglioli 1874
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not clear what "R. simplicidens" is | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Erethizontidae
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Erethizon dorsatum
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Lepus ? americanus
Erxleben 1777
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Lepus giganteus
Brown 1908
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= Lepus alleni
Mearns 1890
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Sylvilagus ? floridanus
(Allen 1890)
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see common names |
Geography
Country: | United States | State/province: | Arkansas | County: | Newton |
Coordinates: | 36.0° North, 93.2° West (view map) | ||||
Paleocoordinates: | 36.0° North, 93.0° West | ||||
Basis of coordinate: | based on political unit |
Time
Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
Key time interval: | Irvingtonian | ||
Age range of interval: | 1.80000 - 0.30000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Lithology and environment
Environment: | terrestrial indet. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Taxonomic list comments:"Microtus ochrogaster" is presumably not present |
Metadata
Database number: | 20290 | ||
Authorizer: | J. Alroy, P. Mannion, P. Barrett, J. Marcot | Enterer: | J. Alroy, J. Marcot, G. Varnham, T. Cleary |
Modifier: | J. Alroy | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 1993-02-18 00:00:00 | Last modified: | 2009-07-15 19:03:18 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 1993-02-18 00:00:00 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
1628. | J. W. Gidley and C. L. Gazin. 1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. United States National Museum Bulletin 171:1-99 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen] |
Secondary references:
6294 | J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari] | |
82417 | H. G. Dowling. 1958. Pleistocene snakes of the Ozark Plateau. American Museum Novitates 1882:1-9 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham/P. Mannion] | |
14699 | C. W. Gilmore. 1938. Fossil snakes of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper (9)1-96 [J. Head/J. Head] | |
6221 | B. Kurten and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene mammals of North America 1-442 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen] | |
2673 | R. M. Nowak. 1979. North American Quaternary Canis. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 6:1-154 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
52058 | R. H. Tedford, X. Wang, and B. E. Taylor. 2009. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325:1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot/G. Lloyd] |