Conard Fissure: Irvingtonian, Arkansas

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia - Colubridae
Carphophis sp. Gervais 1840
Dowling 1958
Thamnophis sirtalis Linnaeus
Dowling 1958
Heterodon sp. Latreille 1801
Dowling 1958
Lampropeltis doliata
Dowling 1958
Lampropeltis getulus (Linnaeus 1766)
Dowling 1958
Lampropeltis ? calligaster (Harlan 1827)
Dowling 1958
Coluber flagellum
Dowling 1958
Coluber sp. Linnaeus 1758
Dowling 1958
Coluber cf. constrictor Linnaeus 1758
Gilmore 1938
Coluber constrictor Linnaeus 1758
Dowling 1958
Elaphe sp. Wagler 1833
Dowling 1958
Elaphe guttata (Linnaeus 1766)
Dowling 1958
Elaphe vulpina (Baird and Girard 1853)
Dowling 1958
Pituophis sp. Holbrook 1842
Gilmore 1938
vertebrae
Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin 1803)
Dowling 1958
Reptilia - Crotalidae
Crotalus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Gilmore 1938 1 specimen
AMNH 6404, left articular
? Crotalus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Dowling 1958
Mammalia - Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae
Eptesicus grandis (Brown 1908)
    = Eptesicus fuscus Beauvois 1796
Alroy 2002
a bat
Myotis leibi (Audubon and Bachman 1842)
Kurten and Anderson 1980
recombined as Myotis leibii
a bat; presumably = "M. subulatus(?)"
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Panthera onca (Linnaeus 1758)
Kurten and Anderson 1980
suggested by Simpson 1941b, and called into question by Seymour 1993
Acinonyx studeri (Savage 1960)
    = Miracinonyx studeri Savage 1960
Alroy 2002
also "Felis longicrus" type of Brown 1908 and "F. cougar" of Brown 1908, according to Simpson 1941b
Lynx rufus (Schreber 1777)
Kurten and Anderson 1980
presumably includes "L. compressus"; also mentioned by Werdelin 1985
Smilodontopsis troglodytes Brown 1908
    = Smilodon fatalis Leidy 1868
Alroy 2002
"S. conardi"
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustela gracilis n. sp. (Brown 1908)
    = Mustela frenata Lichtenstein 1831
Kurten and Anderson 1980
recombined as Neogale frenata
Mustela vison (Schreber 1777)
recombined as Neogale vison
Mustela cicognanii
    = Mustela erminea Linnaeus 1758
Kurten and Anderson 1980
"Mustela cicognanii angustidens":
Martes diluviana (Cope 1889)
Kurten and Anderson 1980
recombined as Pekania diluviana
presumably includes "M. pennanti" (also suspected by Hall 1936)
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mephitidae
Brachyprotoma pristina Brown 1908
(4 measurements)
    = Brachyprotoma obtusata Cope 1899
Alroy 2002
Mephitis mesomelas Lichtenstein 1832
    = Mephitis mephitis Schreber 1776
Alroy 2002
"Mephitis mesomelas newtonensis": believed by Hall 1936 to probably be a Recent intrusive
Spilogale interrupta (Rafinesque 1820)
    = Spilogale ? putorius Linnaeus 1758
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Carnivora - Procyonidae
Procyon lotor (Linnaeus 1758)
Mammalia - Carnivora - Ursidae
Euarctos americanus (Pallas 1780)
    = Ursus americanus Pallas 1780
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Urocyon sp. Baird 1857
    = Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber 1775
Kurten and Anderson 1980
Canis occidentalis Richardson 1829
    = Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758
Nowak 1979
    = Canis armbrusteri Gidley 1913
Tedford et al. 2009
Canis latrans Say 1823
Nowak 1979
Vulpes fulva Desmarest 1829
    = Vulpes sp. Frisch 1775
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus ? scotti Gidley 1900
synonym of Equus (Hesperohippus) mexicanus
Mammalia - Tayassuidae
Mylohyus browni Gidley 1920
    = Mylohyus fossilis Leidy 1860
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Cervidae
Cervus canadensis Erxleben 1777
    = Cervus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Alroy 2002
Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann 1780)
Kurten and Anderson 1980
presumably includes "O. hemionus(?)"
Mammalia - Bovidae
Symbos australis Brown 1908
    = Bootherium bombifrons Harlan 1825
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Soricidae
Blarina brevicauda (Say 1823)
includes type of "B. ozarkensis": see Jones et al. 1984
Sorex obscurus Merriam 1895
    = Sorex monticolus Merriam 1890
Alroy 2002
Microsorex minutus Brown 1908
    = Sorex minutus Brown 1908
Alroy 2002
synonym of Sorex minutus
Sorex personatus Brown 1908
    = Sorex cinereus Kerr 1792
Alroy 2002
Sorex fumeus Miller 1895
Mammalia - Talpidae
Scalopus aquaticus (Linnaeus 1758)
Mammalia - Rodentia - Sciuridae
Sciurus hudsonicus Erxleben 1777
    = Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben 1777
Alroy 2002
presumably includes "Tamias nasutus"
Marmota monax (Linnaeus 1758)
Citellus tridecemlineatus
    = Spermophilus ? tridecemlineatus Mitchell 1821
Alroy 2002
Mammalia - Rodentia - Castoridae
Castor canadensis Kuhl 1820
Mammalia - Rodentia - Geomyidae
Geomys parvidens Gidley 1922
    = Geomys bursarius Shaw 1800
Kurten and Anderson 1980
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Ondatra annectens (Brown 1908)
(1 measurement)
Microtus llanensis Hibbard 1944
    = Pedomys llanensis Hibbard 1944
Alroy 2002
original and current combination Microtus llanensis
Microtus paroperarius Hibbard 1944
Microtus cumberlandensis (van der Meulen 1978)
    = Pitymys cumberlandensis van der Meulen 1978
Alroy 2002
Neotoma ozarkensis Brown 1908
i.d. accepted by Zakrzewski 1993
Peromyscus sp. Gloger 1841
Reithrodontomys sp. Giglioli 1874
not clear what "R. simplicidens" is
Mammalia - Rodentia - Erethizontidae
Erethizon dorsatum (Linnaeus 1758)
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Lepus ? americanus Erxleben 1777
Lepus giganteus Brown 1908
    = Lepus alleni Mearns 1890
Alroy 2002
Sylvilagus ? floridanus (Allen 1890)
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Arkansas County:Newton
Coordinates: 36.0° North, 93.2° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:36.0° North, 93.0° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Time
Period:Quaternary Epoch:Pleistocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:Irvingtonian
Age range of interval:1.80000 - 0.30000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Lithology and environment
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Collection methods and comments
Taxonomic list comments:"Microtus ochrogaster" is presumably not present
Metadata
Database number:20290
Authorizer:J. Alroy, P. Mannion, P. Barrett, J. Marcot Enterer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot, G. Varnham, T. Cleary
Modifier:J. Alroy Research group:vertebrate
Created:1993-02-18 00:00:00 Last modified:2009-07-15 19:03:18
Access level:the public Released:1993-02-18 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

1628. J. W. Gidley and C. L. Gazin. 1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. United States National Museum Bulletin 171:1-99 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
82417 H. G. Dowling. 1958. Pleistocene snakes of the Ozark Plateau. American Museum Novitates 1882:1-9 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham/P. Mannion]
14699 C. W. Gilmore. 1938. Fossil snakes of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper (9)1-96 [J. Head/J. Head]
6221 B. Kurten and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene mammals of North America 1-442 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
2673 R. M. Nowak. 1979. North American Quaternary Canis. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 6:1-154 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
52058 R. H. Tedford, X. Wang, and B. E. Taylor. 2009. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325:1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot/G. Lloyd]