Loutra Almopias Cave (LAC): Late/Upper Pleistocene, Greece
collected 1992-2006
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Ochotonidae
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Ochotona pusilla
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Lepus europaeus
Pallas 1778
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Zapodidae
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Sicista subtilis
(Pallas 1773)
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Apodemus uralensis
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Apodemus mystacinus
Danford and Alston 1877
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Spalax leucodon
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Mus spicilegus
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Apodemus sylvaticus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Mus sylvaticus | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Mesocricetus newtoni
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Cricetulus migratorius
(Pallas 1773)
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Microtus (Pitymys) cf. subterraneus
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Microtus (Microtus) arvalis
(Pallas 1779)
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Arvicola terrestris
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Chionomys nivalis
(Martins 1842)
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Myodes glareolus
(Schreber 1780)
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Gliridae
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Muscardinus avellanarius
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Glis glis
(Linnaeus 1766)
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Dryomys nitedula
Pallas 1778
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Sciuridae
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Spermophilus citellus
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Chatzopoulou 2014 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Vulpes vulpes
(Linnaeus 1758)
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| The Pleistocene fox is poorly represented by few teeth: an upper left slightly worn canine (chamber LAC Ic) and two molars (M2 chamber LAC I and M2 chamber LAC II). Also, few post cranial bones are preserved: proximal fragments of humeri, metapodials and first phalanges (chambers LAC I, Ic and III) | ||||||||||
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Canis lupus
Linnaeus 1758
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| in the Bear cave the Pleistocene wolf is very poorly represented by a right upper slightly worn carnassial (P4), the protocone of which is missing (pl. 2.1, tab. 4). It was found in the small LAC Ib chamber | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Meles meles
(Linnaeus 1758)
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| Among the mustelid remains found in the cave (chambers LAC I, II, III and Ib), the badger is represented only by a left maxilla fragment with P2-P4 present, slightly worn and few post cranial bone fragments (chamber LAC III) | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Ursus ingressus
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| Thousands of elements from the entire skeleton (bones and teeth) | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Panthera pardus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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| The cave leopard is well represented by ten specimens (chambers LAC I, II and Ic). | ||||||||||
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Panthera leo
(Linnaeus 1758)
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| spelaea. The cave lion is poorly represented only by an upper canine found in the central chamber (LAC I). | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Crocuta crocuta
(Erxleben 1777)
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| spelaea. The cave spotted hyaena is the most abudant non-ursid material represented by 66 specimens. These comprise of canines, incisors, cheek teeth and many post cranial bones, such as vertebras, scapula, humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia carpals, tarsals, metapodials and phalanges, some of them with unfussed epiphyses. | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Cervus elaphus
Linnaeus 1758
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| The Almopia Pleistocene red deer is represented only by three phalanges: 2 Ph2 and Ph3 of the same individual (chambers LAC I and Ic). They are robust and well preserved | ||||||||||
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Dama dama
(Linnaeus 1758)
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| The Almopia Pleistocene dama is represented only by a scapula fragment | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Capra ibex
Linnaeus 1758
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| The ibex is represented only (chambers LAC I, Ib and Ic) by two lower incisors, and an upper premolar), one carpal (os hamatum), a metacarpal Mc 3+4 of a male juvenile with infused epiphyses (both of the same individual), a metatarsal Mt 3+4 of a female juvenile, also with infused epiphyses, 2ph I, ph II | ||||||||||
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Bos primigenius
Bojanus 1827
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| The aurochs is poorly represented by a first phalange: ph I (chamber LAC Ib). A hole through the distal part of the bone shows a mark of carnivore canine | ||||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | Greece |
| Coordinates: | 41.0° North, 21.9° East (view map) |
| Paleocoordinates: | 41.0° North, 21.9° East |
| Basis of coordinate: | stated in text |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
| Stage: | Late/Upper Pleistocene | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Late/Upper Pleistocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 0.12900 - 0.01170 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | not reported |
| Environment: | cave |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body,bone collector |
| Degree of concentration: | dispersed |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils,microfossils |
| Spatial orientation: | random |
| Preservation of anatomical detail: | good |
| Abundance in sediment: | abundant |
| Articulated whole bodies: | none |
| Associated major elements: | many |
| Fragmentation: | frequent |
| Encrustation: | occasional |
| Temporal resolution: | time-averaged |
| Spatial resolution: | parautochthonous |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection excludes: | some macrofossils | ||
| Collection methods: | surface (in situ),sieve,field collection,survey of museum collection,observed (not collected) | ||
| Minimum sieve size: | 0.800 | Maximum sieve size: | 3.000 |
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis | Collection dates: | 1992-2006 |
| Collection method comments: All the paleontological material is stored in the Physiographical Museum of Loutra and the Natural History Museum of Aridea. | |||
Metadata
| Also known as: | Loutra Arideas Cave, Bear Cave, Arkoudospilia | ||
| Database number: | 203847 | ||
| Authorizer: | E. Vlachos | Enterer: | E. Vlachos |
| Created: | 2019-08-26 13:16:41 | Last modified: | 2019-08-26 13:16:41 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2019-08-26 13:16:41 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 69851. | E. Tsoukala, K. Chatzopoulou, G. Rabeder, D. Nagel, and G. Withalm. 2006. Paleontological and stratigraphical research in Loutrá Aridéas bear cave (Almopia Speleopark, Pella, Macedonia, Greece). Scientific Annals, School of Geology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) 98:41-67 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos] |
Secondary references:
| 70340 | K. Chatzopoulou. 2014. The micromammals of the Quaternary deposits from Cave A, Loutra Almopias (Pella, Northern Greece): Stratigraphy-Taphonomy-Paleoenvironment. PhD Thesis, Department Of Geology, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki, Greece 1-390 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos] |