Apidima Cave B: Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene, Greece
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
|
||||||||||
Vulpes vulpes
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
7 specimens | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
|
||||||||||
? Meles meles
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
1 specimen | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
|
||||||||||
Felis lynx
Linnaeus 1758
|
1 specimen | |||||||||
Felis (Lynx) Lynx | ||||||||||
= Lynx lynx
Linnaeus 1758
|
O'Regan 2003 | |||||||||
Panthera pardus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
13 specimens | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Hippopotamidae
|
||||||||||
Hippopotamus amphibius
Linnaeus 1758
|
1 specimen | |||||||||
H. amphibius antiquus | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Cervidae
|
||||||||||
Cervus elephas
|
6 specimens | |||||||||
Dama dama
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
5 specimens | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
|
||||||||||
Capra ibex
Linnaeus 1758
|
82 specimens | |||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Greece | State/province: | Lakonia | County: | Mani peninsula |
Coordinates: | 37.0° North, 22.6° East (view map) | ||||
Paleocoordinates: | 37.0° North, 22.6° East | ||||
Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark |
Time
Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
*Period: | Middle Quaternary - Middle - Late/Upper Quaternary | *Epoch: | Middle Pleistocene - Middle - Late/Upper Pleistocene |
Key time interval: | Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 0.77400 - 0.01170 m.y. ago | ||
* legacy (obsolete) database fields |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: The Apidima caves are karstic formations within the Middle Triassic-Late Eocene limestone (Plattenhalk) of depth 500m, from 4m to 24m above sea level, in a vertical zone of depth 20m. Very thick and cohesive breccia up to 23m above sea level. Dated using ESR on Travertine and calcite fossils - two samples with dates of 250-450,000 and 200-300,000BP. "As the Apidima fauna is stratigraphically mixed, careful interpretation is required" |
Lithology and environment
Lithology description: Quaternary terrestrial deposits are represneted, in some places, by very cohesive cemented braccias, sometimes with fossils; and scree and talus cones compacted during the Mindel, Riss and Wurm. The Apidima caves are karstic formations within the Middle Triassic-Late Eocene limestone (Plattenhalk). | |
Environment: | cave |
Geology comments: Temperate climate, with mixed and variable steppe like during sea regression, interrupted by forests (mainly of coniferous trees, wild olive trees, pistachio and other Mediterranean flora). |
Taphonomy
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Articulated whole bodies: | some |
Disassociated major elements: | many |
Disassociated minor elements: | many |
Encrustation: | occasional |
Feeding/predation traces: | tooth marks |
Temporal resolution: | time-averaged |
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes: | some macrofossils |
Collection methods: | bulk,field collection |
Collection size: | 20000 specimens |
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
Collection method comments: total of 20,000 specimens is for all four cave sites. Material stored in the Museum of Anthropology, Athens University. |
Metadata
Database number: | 32062 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Behrensmeyer, A. Turner | Enterer: | H. O'Regan, D. Reed |
Modifier: | H. O'Regan | Research group: | PACED |
Created: | 2003-06-03 13:57:55 | Last modified: | 2003-08-12 07:04:18 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2003-06-03 13:57:55 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
8611. | E. Tsoukala. 1999. Quaternary large mammals from the Apidima Caves (Lakonia, S. Peloponnese, Greece. Beitraege zur palaeontologie 24:207-229 [A. Behrensmeyer/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
Secondary references:
9580 | PACED | H. J. O'Regan. 2003. Reidentifications and synonomies of European mammals. [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/M. Uhen] |