Dursunlu: Early/Lower Pleistocene, Turkey
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
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Elliobus anatolicus
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Vulpinae indet.
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Amphibia
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Amphibia indet.
Linnaeus 1758
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Reptilia
- Testudines
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Chelonia indet.
(Latreille 1800)
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synonym of Testudines | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Insectivora
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Insectivora indet.
Bowdich 1821
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Mammuthus cf. trogontherii
(Pohlig 1885)
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25 specimens | |||||||||
2 complete molars (1 upper, 1 lower) plus eight molar fragments, 1 tusk fragment and 1 rib, 1 metacarpal, 2 partial metapodia, 8 carpals/tarsals, two phalanges. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
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Carnivora indet.
Bowdich 1821
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69 specimens | |||||||||
9 mandible fragments, 5+ teeth fragments, 6 scaula parts, 2 metacarpals, 1 femur, 1 tibia, 1+ tarsals, 2 metatarsals, 1+ astragali, 13 partial phalanges, 27 metapodial parts, all mostly representative of smaller species. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Ursus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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1 specimen | |||||||||
1 phalanx. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Lutra sp.
Brisson 1762
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9 specimens | |||||||||
1 mandible, 3 upper and 2 lower teeth, 2 humerii and 1 astragalus, plus other unstudied specimens. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Canis lupus
Linnaeus 1758
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Canis lupus aff. mosbachensis. 9 specimens identified in the paper as Canis, but not to species. These include 3 upper teeth, 1 ulna, 1 metacarpal, 1 femur and 3 calcanea. | ||||||||||
Canis aff. aureus
Linnaeus 1758
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9 specimens identified in the paper as Canis, but not to species. These include 3 upper teeth, 1 ulna, 1 metacarpal, 1 femur and 3 calcanea. | ||||||||||
Vulpes praecorsac
Kormos 1932
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1 specimen | |||||||||
1 molar. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Hyaenidae indet.
Gray 1821
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4 specimens | |||||||||
2 teeth, 1 partial ulna, 1 phalanx, plus coprolites. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Felinae indet.
Trouessart 1885
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small. 24 felid specimens listed in the paper, but not to species. 4 upper and 6 lower teeth, 1 scapula, 1 radius, 5 femoral parts, 1 tibia, 4 metatarsals, 1 astragalus and 1 calcaneum. | ||||||||||
Panthera aff. pardus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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24 felid specimens listed in the paper, but not to species. 4 upper and 6 lower teeth, 1 scapula, 1 radius, 5 femoral parts, 1 tibia, 4 metatarsals, 1 astragalus and 1 calcaneum. | ||||||||||
Felis ex gr. caracal
Schreber 1776
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recombined as Caracal caracal | ||||||||||
24 felid specimens listed in the paper, but not to species. 4 upper and 6 lower teeth, 1 scapula, 1 radius, 5 femoral parts, 1 tibia, 4 metatarsals, 1 astragalus and 1 calcaneum. | ||||||||||
Felis (Lynx) aff. issiodorensis
Croizet and Jobert 1828
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24 felid specimens listed in the paper, but not to species. 4 upper and 6 lower teeth, 1 scapula, 1 radius, 5 femoral parts, 1 tibia, 4 metatarsals, 1 astragalus and 1 calcaneum. | ||||||||||
= Lynx aff. issiodorensis
Croizet and Jobert 1828
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O'Regan 2003 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus altidens
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1 set of upper and lower molars. Also, 226 other specimens only identified in the paper as Equus - may be altidens or caballus. | ||||||||||
Equus caballus
Linnaeus 1758
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Equus caballus mosbachensis. Also, 226 other specimens only identified in the paper as Equus - may be altidens or caballus. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Rhinocerotidae indet.
Gray 1821
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11 specimens | |||||||||
5 cheek teeth, 1 lower premolar and molar, 1 partial maxilla, 1 carpal, 1 cuboid and 1 3rd metatarsal. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Hippopotamidae
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Hippopotamidae indet.
Gray 1821
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7 specimens | |||||||||
2 partial canines and 5 partial cheek teeth. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Suidae
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Sus scrofa
Linnaeus 1758
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5 specimens | |||||||||
5 cranio-dental parts, including 4 teeth. | ||||||||||
= Sus cf. strozzi
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Gulec et al. 1999 | |||||||||
5 cranio-dental parts, including 4 teeth. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Megaloceros sp. n. sp.
Brookes 1828
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28 specimens | |||||||||
7 antler fragments, 7 upper and lower cheek teeth, 1 metacarpal, 3 astragali, 5 naviculars, 4 partial metatarsals and a phalanx. | ||||||||||
Cervus ex gr. elephas
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12 specimens | |||||||||
2 antler fragments, 3 teeth, 1 forelimb and 1 hindlimb (tbia, astragalus, metatarsal and phalanges) | ||||||||||
aff. Dama sp.
Frisch 1775
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1 specimen | |||||||||
1 distal tibia. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Giraffidae
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? Giraffa sp.
Brisson 1762
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1 specimen | |||||||||
1 distal metacarpal. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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aff. Gazella sp.
Blaineville 1816
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5 specimens | |||||||||
1 metacarpal, 2 partial tibiae, 1 astragalus, 1 partial metapodial. | ||||||||||
cf. Gazellospira sp.
Pilgrim and Schaub 1939
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1 specimen | |||||||||
1 frontal fragment with base of horncore. | ||||||||||
Bos aff. primigenius
Bojanus 1827
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30 specimens | |||||||||
1 partial horncore, 5 upper and 10 lower cheek teeth, 1 partial radioulna, 4 carpals, 2 metacarpals, 1 partial tibia, 3 calcanei, 1 metatarsal, 1 metapodial and a phalanx. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Ochotonidae
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Ochotonidae indet.
Thomas 1897
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Leporidae indet.
Fischer de Waldheim 1817
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Lepus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Oryctolagus cuniculus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Dipodidae
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Dipodidae indet.
Waterhouse 1842
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Allactaga euphratica
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Mesocricetus auratus
Waterhouse 1839
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Cricetulus migratorius
(Pallas 1773)
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Mimomys savini
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Microtus (Allophaiomys) nutiensis
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Lagurus arankae
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new subspecies | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Spalax leucodon
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Micromys sp. n. sp.
Dehne 1841
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Apodemus sp.
Kaup 1829
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Sciuridae
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Spermophilus sp.
Cuvier 1825
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Castoridae
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Castor fiber
Linnaeus 1758
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Trogontherium cuvieri
Owen 1846
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Pisces
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Pisces indet.
Linnaeus 1758
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synonym of Osteichthyes | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Turkey |
Coordinates: | 38.3° North, 31.9° East (view map) |
Paleocoordinates: | 38.3° North, 31.9° East |
Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark |
Altitude: | 1030 meters |
Time
Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
Key time interval: | Early/Lower Pleistocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 2.58000 - 0.77400 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Formation: | Dursunlu | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: The Dursunlu deposit comprises (lower) Pleistocene lacustrine limestones, marls and clays with lignite beds. Cores suggest some 45-50m of sedimentary infill.
The basal portion of core one is +5m and is fine reddish mud, presumed alluvial with a terrestrial origin.The overlying 45m are a 'shallowing upwards lacustrine sequence, incorporating intermittent episodes of fluctuating lake level(s), shallowing and even subaerial exposure(s).' Dating - palaeomagentism indicates Reversed polarity with two weak Normal records. It is suggested that this represents the lower part of the Matuyama Chron. Biharian on faunal records. |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | lignite |
Lithology description: Vertebrate fossils are confirmed in two levels of lignite, but others may have come from elsewhere. The known fossiliferous layers are in the upper lignite member at -10 to -12m and in the basal part of bedded silty clays at -4m. The majority of the cores are greenish, partially laminated clays, with lignite bands and occasional silty clays with rootlets and molluscs. | |
Environment: | lacustrine - large |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes: | some microfossils |
Collection methods: | salvage,sieve,field collection |
Reason for describing collection: | archaeological analysis |
Collection method comments: Fossils and artefacts were recovered from the spoil heaps of a large lignite quarry.
Microfaunal remains were recovered by sieving. Collection contains 175 archaeoogical artefacts. Specimens kept at MTA, Ankara. | |
Taxonomic list comments:Also 3 larger undetermined bovid specimens, represented by 2 lower teeth and a tarsal (cuboravicular).
41 species of birds have also been identified, but these were reported elsewhere. |
Metadata
Database number: | 39314 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Turner | Enterer: | H. O'Regan |
Modifier: | B. Allen | Research group: | PACED |
Created: | 2004-05-26 06:54:07 | Last modified: | 2023-07-29 15:14:11 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2004-05-26 06:54:07 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
10617. | PACED | E. Gulec, F. C. Howell, and T. D. White. 1999. Dursunlu - a new Lower Pleistocene faunal and artifact-bearing locality in southern Anatolia. in Ullrich, H., ed, Hominid evolution - Lifestyles and survival strategies. Edition Archaea, Gelsenkirchen/Schwelm. 349-364 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
Secondary references:
9580 | PACED | H. J. O'Regan. 2003. Reidentifications and synonomies of European mammals. [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/M. Uhen] |