St. Vallier: MN 17, France
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
|
unclassified
|
||||||||||
|
? Otogyps sp.
|
1 specimen | |||||||||
| 1 distal ulna fragment (QSV 1037). | ||||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Anseriformes
- Anatidae
|
||||||||||
|
Cygnus sp.
Garsault 1764
|
1 specimen | |||||||||
| 1 incomplete radius in Basle. | ||||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Corvidae
|
||||||||||
|
Corvus ? hungaricus
Lambrecht 1915
|
3 specimens | |||||||||
| Corvus sp. (C. hungaricus Lambrecht?). 1 left humerus 9QSV 1031), 1 right tarsometatarsus (QSV 1038, Basle), 1 femur fragment. | ||||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Ciconiiformes
- Ciconiidae
|
||||||||||
|
Ciconia sp.
Brisson 1760
|
1 specimen | |||||||||
| 1 right metacarpus (QSV 1038). | ||||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Phasianidae
|
||||||||||
|
? Gallus bravardi
Gervais 1852
|
3 specimens | |||||||||
| 2 fragments of a left humerus (QSV 1032), 1 left proximal femur fragment (QSV 1033), 1 right coracoid (QSV 1034). | ||||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Accipitriformes
- Accipitridae
|
||||||||||
|
Aquila sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
3 specimens | |||||||||
| 1 left distal femur (QSV 1036), 1 right metacarpus in Basle, 1 first phalange from the second digit. | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
|
||||||||||
|
Elephas (Archidiskodon) meridionalis
Nesti 1825
|
||||||||||
| recombined as Mammuthus meridionalis | ||||||||||
| Isolated teeth, 1 trapezoid (QSV 1200), 1 magnum (QSV 1201), 1 pyramidal (QSV 173), 1 tibia (QSV 1202a). | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Gomphotheriidae
|
||||||||||
|
Anancus arvernensis
(Croizet and Jobert 1828)
|
12 specimens | |||||||||
| 1 molar, 1 unciform (QSV 154), 1 trapezoid (QSV 1213), 3 tibiae (QSV 160, 1210, 1211), 1 astragalus, 1 calcaneum, 1 navicular, 1 cuboid, 2 cuneiforms. (all others from one foot, QSV 1210 c-h) | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
|
||||||||||
|
Ursus etruscus
Cuvier 1823
|
11 individuals | |||||||||
| MNI based on cranial fragments. Many crania, 1 radius, 2 ulnae, 1 tibia, 3 humerii (prox. missing), 1 calcaneum and 1 astragaus (both left), 1 3rd metatarsal, 1 4th metatarsal, 1 5th metatarsal, 1 3rd phalange. | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
|
||||||||||
|
Enhydrictis ardea
Bravard 1828
|
3 specimens | |||||||||
| 1 cranium (QSV 150), 1 mandible (QSV 149), 1 left tibia (QSV 148). | ||||||||||
|
Lutra cf. bravardi
Pomel 1843
|
1 specimen | |||||||||
| 1 left tibia (Basle ST-V. 306). | ||||||||||
|
Baranogale helbingi
Kormos 1934
|
3 specimens | |||||||||
| 3 crania (QSV 56 (incomplete)), (QSV 57 - with mandibles), (QSV 58, fragmentary, no teeth). | ||||||||||
|
= Baranogale antiqua
Pomel 1864
|
Heintz et al. 1974 | |||||||||
|
Meles thorali
Viret 1951
|
||||||||||
| 2 specimens (QSV 1, QSV 2 - type specimen), 1 mandible (ST.V 303, Basle) at least 7 upper M1s (QSV no number, 18, 1056, 3, 7, 1052, 1055) at least 5 lower M1s (QSV 8, 13, 16, 19, 1051), some postcrania. | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
|
||||||||||
|
Nyctereutes aff. sinensis
Schlosser 1903
|
18 specimens | |||||||||
| in Viret 1948. 3 crania, 2 mandibles, 1 right humerus (prox. missing), 1 left radius, 1 left ulna, 1 right back fot (metatarsals to phalanges, including sesamoids), 1 left back foot (calcaneum, astragalus, cuboid and scaphoid), 1 left calcaneum and cuboid, 1 right astragalus, 1 axis, 1 atlas, 1 left 1st metacarpal with two phalanges. | ||||||||||
|
= Nyctereutes vulpinus n. sp.
Soria and Aguirre 1976
|
Monguillon et al. 2004 | |||||||||
|
Vulpes alopecoides
Forsyth Major 1877
|
1 specimen | |||||||||
| 1 maxilla fragment with P3-M2 (QSV 1110). | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
|
||||||||||
|
Crocuta perrieri
|
||||||||||
| Fairly common. Many crania, mandibles and a variety of juvenile dentition. | ||||||||||
|
Euryboas lunensis
(Del Campana 1914)
|
4 specimens | |||||||||
| original and current combination Chasmaporthetes lunensis | ||||||||||
| 1 cranium (QSV 53) , 1 mandible (QSV 25), 1 lower M1 (QSV 52), 1 lower P4 (QSV 51). | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
|
||||||||||
|
Megantereon megantereon
Croizet and Jobert 1828
|
||||||||||
| 2 crania (QSV 145, 1150), 1 upper canine (QSV 147), some poastcranial material, in particular a radius in Basle (St. V. 774) | ||||||||||
|
Homotherium crenatidens
Fabrini 1890
|
3 specimens | |||||||||
| 1 astragalus, 1 upper milk dentition (QSV 140), 1 posterior part of the skull (QSV 141). | ||||||||||
|
= Homotherium sainzelli
Aymard 1853
|
Heintz et al. 1974 | |||||||||
| = H. crenatidens. | ||||||||||
|
Panthera schaubi n. sp.
|
3 specimens | |||||||||
| 1 cranium, 2 mandibles. (QSV 136, 137, 138). | ||||||||||
|
Acinonyx pardinensis
Croizet and Jobert 1828
|
8 specimens | |||||||||
| 1 cranium with both mandibles in association (QSV 112), 1 cranial fragment (QSV 116), 3 mandibles (QSV 110, 113, 117), 1 distal humerus (QSV 265), 1 calcaneum (QSV 122), 1 maxilla fragment from Bale Museum (st. V.) | ||||||||||
|
Felis (Lynx) issiodorensis
Croizet and Jobert 1828
|
10 specimens | |||||||||
| recombined as Lynx issiodorensis | ||||||||||
| 5 mandibles (QSV 130, 1131, 1132 , 1135, Basle 1138), 5 Maxillae (QSV 125, 126, 1133, 1136, Basle 1952), | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
|
||||||||||
|
Equus (Hippotigris) stenonis
Cocchi 1867
|
||||||||||
| recombined as Allohippus stenonis | ||||||||||
| 8 crania and many other specimens, very common in the assemblage. | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
|
||||||||||
|
Dicerorhinus etruscus
(Falconer 1868)
|
||||||||||
| recombined as Stephanorhinus etruscus | ||||||||||
| common. cranium, mandible and many pieces of postcrania. | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Cervidae
|
||||||||||
|
Cervus cf. philisi
Mennecart et al. 2017
|
||||||||||
| antlers, crania and mandibles, many teeth, some postcrania. | ||||||||||
|
= aff. Cervus philisi
Mennecart et al. 2017
|
Heintz et al. 1974 | |||||||||
| recombined as Metacervocerus philisi | ||||||||||
| "Cervus" philisi valliensis | ||||||||||
|
Cervus (Euctenoceros) senezensis
|
||||||||||
| antlers, crania and postcrania. | ||||||||||
|
Cervus ramosus
Croizet and Jobert 1828
|
||||||||||
| recombined as Croizetoceros ramosus | ||||||||||
| 1 juvenile cranium (QSV 700), antler fragments (at least 2 (QSV 707 and 708)) and at least 1 frontal with antlers (QSV 703). Some postcrania. | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Bovidae
|
||||||||||
|
Gazella borbonica
|
||||||||||
|
Gallogoral meneghinii
|
Heintz et al. 1974 | |||||||||
| Identified and figured by Heintz, 1964 - a right mandible in Lyon Museum (QSV 849). An upper M1 (Lyon), plus 2 phalanges (St. V. 473 and 474, Basle) figured in Heintz 1966. | ||||||||||
|
Gazellospira torticornis
|
Heintz et al. 1974 | |||||||||
| Identified and figured in Heintz 1966. | ||||||||||
|
Leptobos stenometopon
|
||||||||||
| crania and postcrania, inclding 3 crania. | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
|
||||||||||
|
Oryctolagus lacosti
|
17 specimens | |||||||||
| 3 incomplete crania (QSV 666, 667, 668), 6 mandibles (QSV 669-674), 1 edentulous 'pont'' (QSV 679), 1 frontal fragment (QSV 680), 1 premaxilla with incisors (QSV 678), 1 left tibia (QSV 675), 1 left astragalus (676), 1 right calcaneum (QSV 677), 1 left 2nd metatarsal, 1 left 3rd metatarsal, 1 right 3rd metatarsal. | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
|
||||||||||
|
Hystrix refossa
|
4 specimens | |||||||||
| 2 maxilla fragments (QSV 658, 659), 2 isolated incisors (QSV 656, 657). | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
|
||||||||||
|
Mimomys pliocaenicus
(Forsyth Major 1889)
|
3 specimens | |||||||||
| 1 mandible fragment, 1 mandible (QSV 660), 1 cranium (QSV 661). | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Castoridae
|
||||||||||
|
Castor plicidens
Major 1874
|
3 specimens | |||||||||
| synonym of Castor fiber | ||||||||||
| 1 right maxilla fragment with P4-M2 (QSV 650), ! upper left incisor (QSV 651), 1 cranium with associated mandibles (QSV 652a-c)., | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Primates
- Cercopithecidae
|
||||||||||
|
Macaca cf. florentina
Cocchi 1872
|
1 specimen | |||||||||
| 1 upper left incisor. | ||||||||||
|
= Macaca sp.
Lacépède 1799
|
Heintz et al. 1974 | |||||||||
| Specific designation regarded as unsound as the type specimen lacks the first incisor therefore a comparison cannot be made. | ||||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | France | State/province: | Rhone-Alpes |
| Coordinates: | 45.2° North, 4.8° East (view map) | ||
| Paleocoordinates: | 45.2° North, 4.6° East | ||
| Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
| Stage: | Gelasian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | MN 17 | ||
| Age range of interval: | 2.58000 - 1.80000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Stratigraphy comments: Late Pliocene, Villafranchian, Villanyian. |
Lithology and environment
| Environment: | cave |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | bone collector |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils,microfossils |
| Feeding/predation traces: | tooth marks |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | bulk,field collection |
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
| Collection method comments: The first mention of a site at St Vallier is in 1855 in papers held at Lyon Museum. The data entered here are from the full 1954 site report, most specimens are held in Lyon, a few are kept in Basle. | |
| Taxonomic list comments:Most cranial and dental specimens are illustrated in the plates of the 1954 volume. Numbers of specimens have been pieced together from the text and plates and they are likely to under-estimate the true numbers of each species. | |
Metadata
| Also known as: | Saint Vallier | ||
| Database number: | 47150 | ||
| Authorizer: | A. Turner | Enterer: | H. O'Regan |
| Modifier: | H. O'Regan | Research group: | PACED |
| Created: | 2005-02-16 02:47:40 | Last modified: | 2005-02-16 05:57:04 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2005-02-16 02:47:40 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 12578. | PACED | M. J. Viret, E. Schmid, and C. Kraehenbuehl. 1954. Le Loess a bancs durcis de Saint-Vallier (Drome) et sa faune de Mammiferes Villafranchiens. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon 4:1-197 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
Secondary references:
| 12548 | PACED | E. Heintz, C. Guerin, R. Martin and F. Prat. 1974. Principaux gisements villafranchiens de France: Listes fauniques et biostratigraphie. Memoires du Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres 78(1):169-182 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
| 7584 | M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level 1-640 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen] | |
| 85496 | A. Monguillon, N. Spassov, A. Argant, K. Kauhala, and S. Viranta. 2004. Nyctereutes vulpinus comb. et stat. nov. (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae) from the late Pliocene of Saint-Vallier (Drôme, France). Geobios 37:S183-S188 [B. Allen/B. Allen] | |
| 9580 | PACED | H. J. O'Regan. 2003. Reidentifications and synonomies of European mammals. [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/M. Uhen] |