Faxinal do Soturno, Linha São Luiz: Norian, Brazil
collected 2002

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Insecta - Coleoptera
Coleoptera indet. Linnaeus 1758
Cisneros and Schultz 2003
"Coleopterans"
Brasilodontidae
Brasilodontidae indet. Bonaparte and Martinelli 2005
Aires et al. 2014 1 individual
CAPPA/UFSM 0003, skull; "possibly of either Brasilodon quadrangularis or Minicynodon mayeri"
Brasilitherium riograndensis n. gen., n. sp. Bonaparte et al. 2003
Bonaparte et al. 2003 6 individuals
PV 0594 T (holotype), partial skull. PV 0759 T, 0760 T, 0603 T, 0595 T, 0598 T, partial skulls
Minicynodon maieri n. gen., n. sp. Bonaparte et al. 2010
Bonaparte et al. 2010 1 individual
UFRGS-PV-1030-T, skull
Brasilodon quadrangularis n. gen., n. sp. Bonaparte et al. 2003
Bonaparte et al. 2003 3 individuals
PV 0611 T (holotype), partial skull. PV 0716 T, 0628 T, partial skulls
Tritheledontidae
Riograndia guaibensis Bonaparte et al. 2001
Soares et al. 2011 7 individuals
UFRGS-PV-0624-T, UFRGS-PV-0833-T, UFRGS-PV-0842-T, UNI-SINOS-4881, skulls and partial skulls; 800-T, 1320-T, 1379-T
Irajatherium hernandezi Martinelli et al. 2005
Oliveira et al. 2011 6 specimens
UFRGS PV-1029-T, UFRGS PV-1068-T, UFRGS PV-1169-T, UFRGS PV-1170-T, UFRGS PV-1171-T, UFRGS PV-1172-T
Reptilia - Procolophonidae
Soturnia caliodon n. gen., n. sp. Cisneros and Schultz 2003
Cisneros and Schultz 2003 3 individuals
MCN PV2738 (holotype), partial skull and postcranial material; UFRGS PV570T, partial skull. UFRGS PV1112T, partial left maxilla and pterygoid
Reptilia
Archosauria indet. (Cope 1869)
Bonaparte et al. 2007
Reptilia - Guaibasauridae
Guaibasaurus candelariensis Bonaparte et al. 1999
2 individuals
UFRGS PV0725T, fairly complete, articulated skeleton lacking the skull, jaws, and neck; MCN PV 10112 (3 measurements)
Reptilia
Faxinalipterus minima n. gen., n. sp. Bonaparte et al. 2010
Bonaparte et al. 2010 2 individuals
UFRGS PV-0927T (holotype), postcrania inferred to represent a single individual; UFRGS PV0769T, left maxilla
Maehary bonapartei n. gen., n. sp. Kellner et al. 2022
Kellner et al. 2022 2 specimens
Holotype: CAPPA/UFSM 0300, a partial skull, partial lower jaw, some vertebral centra, and a fragmentary scapula. Referred specimen: UFRGS-PV-0769-T, a left maxilla previously referred to Faxinalipterus minimus (Bonaparte, Schultz & Soares, 2010)
Cargninia enigmatica n. gen., n. sp. Bonaparte et al. 2010
Bonaparte et al. 2010 1 individual
UFRGS-PV-1027-T, partial dentary
Reptilia - Clevosauridae
Clevosaurus brasiliensis n. sp. Bonaparte and Sues 2006
Bonaparte and Sues 2006 16 individuals
UFRGS-PV 0748 T (holotype), complete skull; PV0613T, incomplete skull and cervical vertebrae; PV2852, incomplete skull; Additional skull specimens from Arantes 2011 [PBDB ref 56699] UFRGS-PV-0735-T, UFRGS-PV-0740-T, UFRGS-PV-0746-T, UFRGS-PV-0753-T, UFRGS-PV-0972-T, UFRGS PV-0974-T, UFRGS-PV-1152-T. Additional postcranial elements: UFRGS-PV-0754-T, UFRGS-PV-0742-T, UFRGS-PV-0752-T, UFRGS-PV-0757-T and UFRGS-PV-0751-T (from Arantes et al., 2009 [ref 56781]). MCN-PV 2852, well-preserved skull with associated mandibles (from ref 57403)
Reptilia
Microsphenodon bonapartei n. gen., n. sp. Chambi-Trowell et al. 2021
Chambi-Trowell et al. 2021 4 specimens
UFRGS-PV-0972-T, 0613-T, 0848-T, 0827-T
Lanceirosphenodon ferigoloi n. gen., n. sp. de Vivar et al. 2020
de Vivar et al. 2020 1 specimen
CAPPA/UFSM 0226 (holotype), left dentary missing the posterior part, with an almost complete dentition
Coniferales
Coniferales indet.
Cisneros and Schultz 2003
"Conifers"
see common names

Geography
Country:Brazil State/province:Rio Grande do Sul County:Faxinal do Soturno County
Coordinates: 29.6° South, 53.4° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:37.0° South, 15.7° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Triassic Epoch:Late/Upper Triassic
Stage:Norian 10 m.y. bin:Triassic 4
Key time interval:Norian Other zone: Ictidosauria
Age range of interval:227.00000 - 208.50000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Rosário do Sul Formation:Caturrita
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: upper layers of the Santa Maria 2 Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence, corresponding lithostratigraphically to the Caturrita Formation. Ictidosauria or Mammaliamorpha Assemblage Zone (= Jachaleria Interval)

Caturrita was originally considered Carnian-Norian in age; however, recent recalibration of the Triassic timescale suggests a Norian age (e.g. Langer et al. 2010; Brusatte et al. 2010. Earth-Science Reviews 101:68-100)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: siltstone
Secondary lithology:fine sandstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "The sediments of the Faxinal do Soturno locality are formed by intercalations of siltstones and small fine to medium sandstone lenses, and there are paleosoils and desiccation cracks. Microvertebrates are concentrated in the sandstone lenses"
Environment:fluvial indet.
Glacial or sequence phase:highstand systems tract
Geology comments: "low-energy fluvial environment" (Bonaparte & Sues 2006)
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:some
Disassociated minor elements:some
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection dates:2002
Collection method comments: MCN/PV: Fossil Vertebrate Collection, Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
UFRGS: Institute of Geology, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
UNISINOS: Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Metadata
Database number:55446
Authorizer:M. Carrano, T. Cleary, E. Dunne, R. Butler Enterer:M. Carrano, T. Cleary, E. Dunne, R. Butler
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2005-10-25 06:39:54 Last modified:2021-10-27 15:29:13
Access level:the public Released:2005-10-25 06:39:54
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
14939.ETE G. Brea, J. F. Bonaparte, C. L. Schultz and A. G. Martinelli. 2005. A new specimen of Guaibasaurus candelariensis (basal Saurischia) from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of southern Brazil. In A. W. A. Kellner, D. D. R. Henriques, and T. Rodrigues (eds.), II Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Boletim de Resumos. Museum Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 55-56 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

76269 A. S. Aires, L. R. Da Silva, R. Temp Müller and S. Dias Da Silva. 2014. On the record of a tiny juvenile Brasilodontidae (Cynodontia, Prozostrodontia) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil. Ameghiniana 51(6 (suppl.)):4 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
56699 B. d. A. Arantes. 2011. Novos materiais de Rynchocephalia da Formação Caturrita (triássico superior) do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: estudo anatômico e implicações filogenéticas. [P. Barrett/T. Cleary/M. Uhen]
56781 B. d. A. Arantes, M. B. Soares, and C. L. Schultz. 2009. Clevosaurus brasiliensis (Lepidosauria, Sphenodontia) do Triássico Superior do Rio Grande do Sul: anatomia pós-craniana e relações filogenéticas. Revista brasileira de paleontologia 12(1):43-54 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]
29905 J. F. Bonaparte, G. Brea, C. L. Schultz and A. G. Martinelli. 2007. A new specimen of Guaibasaurus candelariensis (basal Saurischia) from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of southern Brazil. Historical Biology 19:73-82 [R. Butler/R. Butler/J. Alroy]
34673 J. F. Bonaparte, A. G. Martinelli, C. L. Schultz and R. Rubert. 2003. The sister group of mammals: small cynodonts from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontología 5:5-27 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
35593 J. F. Bonaparte, C. L. Schultz, M. B. Soares and A. G. Martinelli. 2010. La fauna local de Faxinal do Soturno, Triásico Tardío de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontología 13(3):233-246 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
33148 J. F. Bonaparte, C. L. Schultz, and M. B. Soares. 2010. Pterosauria from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil. In S. Bandyopadhyay (ed.), New Aspects of Mesozoic Biodiversity, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 132:63-71 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
29906 J. F. Bonaparte and H.-D. Sues. 2006. A new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Palaeontology 49:917-923 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
35590 S. F. Cabreira and J. C. Cisneros. 2009. Tooth histology of the parareptile Soturnia caliodon from the Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54(4):743-748 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
81828 S. A. V. Chambi-Trowell, A. G. Martinelli, D. I. Whiteside, P. R. R. Vivar, M. B. Soares, C. L. Schultz, P. G. Gill, M. J. Benton, and E. J. Rayfield. 2021. The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 19(11):787-820 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
26858 J. C. Cisneros and C.L. Schultz. 2003. Soturnia caliodon n. g. n. sp., a procolophonid reptile from the upper Triassic of Southern Brazil. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 227(3):365-380 [J. Mueller/J. Dummasch]
72056 P. R. R. de Vivar, A. G. Martinelli, A. S. Hsiou and M. B. Soares. 2020. A new rhynchocephalian from the Late Triassic of Southern Brazil enhances eusphenodontian diversity. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology [T. Cleary/T. Cleary]
69708 M. L. Guignard, A. G. Martinelli, and M. B. Soares. 2019. Postcranial anatomy of Riograndia guaibensis (Cynodontia: Ictidosauria). Geobios 53:9-21 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham]
81562 A. W. A. Kellner, B. Holgado, O. Grillo, F. A. Pretto, L. Kerber, F. L. Pinheiro, M. B. Soares, C. L. Schultz, R. T. Lopes, O. Araújo, and R. T. Müller. 2022. Reassessment of Faxinalipterus minimus, a purported Triassic pterosaur from southern Brazil with the description of a new taxon. PeerJ 10(e13276) [E. Dunne/E. Dunne]
78422 M. C. Langer, J. S. Bittencourt, and C. L. Schultz. 2011. A reassessment of the basal dinosaur Guaibasaurus candelariensis, from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of south Brazil. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101(3-4):301-322 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
34120 M. C. Langer, A. M. Ribeiro, C. L. Schultz and J. Ferigolo. 2007. The continental tetrapod-bearing Triassic of south Brazil. In S. G. Lucas, J. A. Spielmann (eds.), The Global Triassic, New Mexico Museum of History and Science Bulletin 41:201-218 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
35594 T. V. d.e. Oliveira, A. G. Martinelli, and M. B. Soares. 2011. New information about Irajatherium hernandezi Martinelli, Bonaparte, Schultz & Rubert 2005 (Eucynodontia, Tritheledontidae) from the upper triassic (Caturrita Formation, Parana Basin) of Brazil. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 85:67-82 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
35591 M. B. Soares, C. L. Schultz, and B. I. D. Horn. 2011. New information on Riograndia guaibensis Bonaparte, Ferigolo & Ribeiro, 2001 (Eucynodontia, Tritheledontidae) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil: anatomical and biostratigraphic implications. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83(1):329-354 [R. Butler/R. Butler]