Gaj beds - Jakao, Kachh: Early/Lower Miocene, Pakistan
collected by Vredenburg
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Gastropoda
- Heterostropha
- Architectonicidae
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Solarium affine
Sowerby 1840
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Vredenburg 1928 | |||||||||
| recombined as Architectonica affinis | ||||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Opisthobranchia
- Haminoeidae
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Atys protocylindrica
Vredenburg 1925
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| recombined as Aliculastrum protocylindrica | ||||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Turritellidae
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Turritella heberti
d'Archiac and Haime 1854
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Vredenburg 1928 | |||||||||
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= Turritella kachhensis
Vredenburg 1928
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Harzhauser et al. 2009 | |||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Epitoniidae
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Scala (Clathrus) gajensis
Vredenburg 1928
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Vredenburg 1928 | |||||||||
| recombined as Clathrus gajensis | ||||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Naticidae
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Natica obscura
Sowerby 1840
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Vredenburg 1928 | |||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Buccinidae
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Nassa (Hebra) bonneti
Cossmann 1901
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| SUBSPECIES: Nassa (Hebra) bonneti kachhensis | ||||||||||
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Hindsia granosa
(Sowerby 1840)
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Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Melongenidae
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Melongena lainei
(Basterot 1825)
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Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Terebridae
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Terebra (Myurella) reticulata
(Sowerby 1840)
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| recombined as Myurella reticulata | ||||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Conidae
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Conus (Lithoconus) brevis
(Sowerby 1840)
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Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Turridae
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Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) bonneti
Cossmann 1900
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| recombined as Hemipleurotoma bonneti | ||||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Olividae
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Oliva (Strephona) australis
(Duclos 1835)
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| SUBSPECIES: Oliva (Strephona) australis indica | ||||||||||
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= Oliva indica
Vredenburg 1925
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Harzhauser et al. 2009 | |||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Volutidae
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Lyria jugosa
(Sowerby 1839)
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| recombined as Lyria (Harpeola) jugosa | ||||||||||
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Athleta (Volutospina) dentata
(Sowerby 1839)
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Gastropoda
- Strombidae
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Rostellaria protofusus
Vredenburg 1928
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| recombined as Tibia protofusus | ||||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Ficidae
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Pirula kachhensis
Vredenburg 1925
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| recombined as Ficus kachhensis | ||||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Pseudomelaniidae
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Drillia (Crassispira) kachhensis
Vredenburg 1925
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| recombined as Crassispira kachhensis | ||||||||||
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Bivalvia
- Ostreida
- Gryphaeidae
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Ostrea lingua
Sowerby 1840
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Vredenburg 1928 | |||||||||
| recombined as Gyrostrea lingua | ||||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | Pakistan |
| Coordinates: | 23.2° North, 68.8° East (view map) |
| Paleocoordinates: | 17.3° North, 67.7° East |
| Basis of coordinate: | stated in text |
| Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
| Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Miocene |
| 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 5 | ||
| Key time interval: | Early/Lower Miocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 23.03000 - 15.98000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Formation: | Gaj | ||||
| Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
| Stratigraphy comments: STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the lower Gaj beds, which regionally overlie the Nari beds (Oligocene) and are overlain by the Middle-Late Miocene Mekran beds. AGE: lower Early Miocene, based on similarity with European faunas of Aquitanian age. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: from the lower Gaj beds. | |||||
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | poorly lithified "siliciclastic" |
| Includes fossils? | Y |
| Lithology description: SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, but presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified, based on figured specimens. | |
| Environment: | coastal indet. |
| Geology comments: ENVIRONMENT: Not stated in text, but presumably shallow shelf siliciclastic. | |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | surface (in situ),field collection |
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
| Collectors: | Vredenburg |
| Collection method comments: COLLECTORS: Multiple collectors including W. Blanford, Wynne, Hira Lal, Ram Singh, and Noetling (staff of Geological Survey of India) during the early 1900's. REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India, with voucher specimens possibly at the BMNH. | |
| Taxonomic list comments:COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda, bivalvia, and scaphopoda. NOMENCLATURE: Antiquated, but from an authoritative publication, with use of species and subgenus resolution assignments. Nomenclature can be updated through reference to Harzhauser and Swarko publications. | |
Metadata
| Database number: | 77170 | ||
| Authorizer: | A. Hendy | Enterer: | A. Hendy | Research group: | marine invertebrate |
| Created: | 2007-12-21 16:43:02 | Last modified: | 2013-11-25 13:37:23 |
| Access level: | authorizer only | Released: | 2008-12-21 16:43:02 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 26063. | 1925 | E. Vredenburg. 1925. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Cephalopoda, Opisthobranchiata, Siphonostomata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(1):1-350 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy] |
Secondary references:
| 36478 | M. Harzhauser, M. Euter, W. E. Piller, B. Berning, A. Kroh and O. Mandic. 2009. Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 83:333-372 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy] | |
| 26112 | E. Vredenburg. 1928. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Gastropoda (in part) and Lamellibranchiata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(2):351-506 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/A. Hendy] |