Bell Cave: Late/Upper Pleistocene, Alabama
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
|
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Urodela
|
||||||||||
|
Ambystoma sp.
(Tschudi 1838)
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Amblystoma | ||||||||||
|
Ambystoma maculotum
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Amblystoma | ||||||||||
|
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
(Daudin 1803)
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Eurycea sp.
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Plethodon glutinosus
Green 1818
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Desmognathus sp.
Baird 1850
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Desmognathus ochrophaeus
Cope 1859
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Ranidae
|
||||||||||
|
Rana sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Rana catesbeiana
Shaw 1802
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Rana pipiens
Schreber 1782
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Bufonidae
|
||||||||||
|
Bufo sp.
Laurenti 1768
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Bufo woodhousii
(Girard 1854)
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
| misspelling Bufo woodhousei | ||||||||||
| subspecies fowleri | ||||||||||
|
Bufo americanus
Holbrook 1836
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Hylidae
|
||||||||||
|
Hyla gratiosa
Le Conte 1856
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Crotalidae
|
||||||||||
|
Crotalus horridus
Linnaeus 1758
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Colubridae
|
||||||||||
|
Diadophis punctatus
Linnaeus
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Heterodon cf. platirhinos
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Lampropeltis triangulum
Lacépède 1788
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
| subspecies triangulum | ||||||||||
|
Lampropeltis getulus
(Linnaeus 1766)
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Coluber constrictor
Linnaeus 1758
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Elaphe sp.
Wagler 1833
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Elaphe cf. guttata
(Linnaeus 1766)
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Elaphe vulpina
(Baird and Girard 1853)
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Opheodrys aestivus
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Nerodia sipeodon
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Carphophis anoenus
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Storeria sp.
Baird and Girard 1853
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Thamnophis sp.
Fitzinger 1843
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Thamnophis sirtalis
Linnaeus
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Polychrotidae
|
||||||||||
|
Anolis carolinensis
Voight 1832
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Charadriiformes
- Scolopacidae
|
||||||||||
|
Philohela minor
(Gmelin 1789)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Scolopax minor | ||||||||||
|
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
(Gmelin 1789)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
| recombined as Tringa semipalmata | ||||||||||
|
Bartramia longicauda
(Bechstein 1812)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Charadriiformes
- Laridae
|
||||||||||
|
Sterna sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Gaviidae
|
||||||||||
|
Gavia immer
(Brunnich 1764)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Anseriformes
- Anatidae
|
||||||||||
|
Aythya collaris
(Donovan 1809)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Aythya cf. valisineria
(Wilson 1814)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Mergus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Anas platyrhynchos
Linnaeus 1758
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Anas crecca
Linnaeus 1758
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Branta canadensis
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Cygnus sp.
Garsault 1764
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Columbiformes
- Columbidae
|
||||||||||
|
Ectopistes migratorius
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Piciformes
- Picidae
|
||||||||||
|
Melanerpes cf. carolinus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Picoides cf. villosus
(Linnaeus 1766)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Strigiformes
- Strigidae
|
||||||||||
|
Otus asio
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
| recombined as Megascops asio | ||||||||||
|
Strix cf. varia
(Barton 1799)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Gruiformes
- Gruidae
|
||||||||||
|
Grus sp.
Brisson 1760
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Podicipediformes
- Podicipedidae
|
||||||||||
|
Podilymbus podiceps
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
|
||||||||||
|
Passeriformes indet.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Tyrannidae
|
||||||||||
|
Sayornis cf. phoebe
(Latham 1790)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Hirundinidae
|
||||||||||
|
Hirundinidae indet.
Rafinesque 1815
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Cardinalidae
|
||||||||||
|
Piranga cf. olivacea
(Gmelin 1789)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Parulidae
|
||||||||||
|
Parulinae indet.
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Corvidae
|
||||||||||
|
Pica pica
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Cyanocitta cristata
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Corvus corax
Linnaeus 1758
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Turdidae
|
||||||||||
|
Turdus migratorius
Linnaeus 1758
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Mimidae
|
||||||||||
|
Dumetella carolinensis
(Linnaeus 1766)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Icteridae
|
||||||||||
|
Quiscalus quiscula
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Accipitriformes
- Accipitridae
|
||||||||||
|
Accipiter striatus
Vieillot 1897
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Haliaeetus cf. leucocephalus
(Linnaeus 1766)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Phasianidae
|
||||||||||
|
Meleagris gallopavo
Linnaeus 1758
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Bonasa umbellus
(Linnaeus 1766)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Tympanuchus cupido
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Odontophoridae
|
||||||||||
|
Colinus virginianus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Falconidae
|
||||||||||
|
Falco sparverius
Linnaeus 1758
|
Parmalee 1992 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
|
||||||||||
|
Trionyx sp.
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
= Trionychidae indet.
Gray 1825
|
Alroy 2009 | |||||||||
|
= Apalone sp.
Rafinesque 1832
|
Jasinski 2013 | |||||||||
|
Trionyx spiniferus
LeSueur 1827
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
= Apalone spinifera
LeSueur 1827
|
Jasinski 2013 | |||||||||
|
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Emydidae
|
||||||||||
|
Chrysemys picta
(Schneider 1783)
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Graptemys geographica
(Le Sueur 1817)
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Pseudemys sp.
Gray 1856
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Pseudemys cocinna
|
Holman et al. 1990 | |||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
|
||||||||||
|
Microtus pennsylvanicus
(Ord 1815)
|
Martin and Prince 1990 | |||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Castoridae
|
||||||||||
|
Castoroides sp.
Foster 1838
|
||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
|
||||||||||
|
Ursus americanus
Pallas 1780
|
Churcher et al. 1989 | |||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
|
||||||||||
|
Martes pennanti
(Erxleben 1777)
|
||||||||||
| recombined as Pekania pennanti | ||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
|
||||||||||
|
Canis sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Churcher et al. 1989 | |||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Cervidae
|
||||||||||
|
Rangifer tarandus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Tayassuidae
|
||||||||||
|
Mylohyus nasutus
(Leidy 1868)
|
||||||||||
|
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Tapiridae
|
||||||||||
|
Tapirus sp.
Brisson 1762
|
||||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | United States | State/province: | Alabama | County: | Colbert |
| Coordinates: | 34.7° North, 87.8° West (view map) | ||||
| Paleocoordinates: | 34.7° North, 87.8° West | ||||
| Basis of coordinate: | stated in text | ||||
| Geographic resolution: | small collection |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
| Stage: | Late/Upper Pleistocene | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Late/Upper Pleistocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 0.12900 - 0.01170 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Local order: | bottom to top | ||||
| Stratigraphy comments: 25,000 to 11,500 RCYBP | |||||
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | claystone |
| Includes fossils? | Y |
| Environment: | cave |
| Glacial or sequence phase: | interglacial |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection excludes: | some genera |
| Reason for describing collection: | general faunal/floral analysis |
| Taxonomic list comments:U-series dates of 0.115 +/- 0.004 and 0.121 +/- 0.006 Ma (average = 0.118 Ma) overlies unit D "22 other small vertebrates" apparently not yet identified Sangamonian | |
Metadata
| Also known as: | ACb-2 | ||
| Database number: | 84181 | ||
| Authorizer: | M. Uhen, P. Holroyd, J. Alroy | Enterer: | M. Uhen, P. Holroyd, J. Alroy |
| Modifier: | M. Uhen | Research group: | vertebrate |
| Created: | 2008-09-23 11:41:26 | Last modified: | 2008-09-29 10:59:34 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2008-09-23 11:41:26 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 28175. | P. W. Parmalee and R. W. Graham. 2002. Additional records of the giant beaver, Castoroides, from the Mid-South: Alabama, Tennessee, and South Carolina. Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology 93:65-71 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |
Secondary references:
| 29343 | J. Alroy. 2009. High-handed opinions on taxonomy and other matters. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
| 28213 | C. S. Churcher, P. W. Parmalee, G. L. Bell and J. P. Lamb. 1989. Caribou from the Late Pleistocene of northwestern Alabama. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67(5):1210-1216 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
| 28196 | J. A. Holman, G. L. Bell, and J. P. Lamb. 1990. A late Pleistocene herpetofauna from Bell Cave, Alabama. The Herpetological Journal 1(11):521-529 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
| 58398 | S. E. Jasinski. 2013. Review of the fossil Trionychidae (Testudines) from Alabama, including the oldest record of trionychid turtles from eastern North America. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History 31(2):46-59 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd] | |
| 2450 | R. A. Martin and R. H. Prince. 1990. Variation and evolutionary trends in the dentition of late Pleistocene Microtus pennsylvanicus from three levels in Bell Cave, Alabama. Historical Biology 4:117-129 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen] | |
| 28198 | P. W. Parmalee. 1992. A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama. Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36:307-318 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |