Loc. 14 - Thano Bula Khan (Gaj Fm): Early/Lower Miocene, Pakistan
collected by Iqbar 1966
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Bivalvia
- Ostreida
- Ostreidae
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Ostrea angulata
Sowerby 1840
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recombined as Crassostrea angulata | |||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Pakistan |
Coordinates: | 25.4° North, 67.8° East (view map) |
Paleocoordinates: | 19.6° North, 67.2° East |
Basis of coordinate: | stated in text |
Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Miocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 5 | ||
Key time interval: | Early/Lower Miocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 23.03000 - 15.97000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Formation: | Gaj | ||||
Stratigraphic resolution: | bed | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From Gaj Fm, which conformably overlies the Nari Fm (Oligocene), and is unconformably overlain by the Nagri Fm (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene). THICKNESS: Ranges between 615-1384 m. AGE: Iqbal (1980) is inconsistent in stating age, with Late Miocene in text, but Early Miocene (Aquitanian) in figures. An Early Miocene age is assigned. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: Unknown position within Gaj Fm. |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | ferruginous,gypsiferous,brown,gray,green,red poorly lithified argillaceous,sandy "shale" |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Lithology description: SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Shale, with subordinate sandstone and limestone. Shale is olive green, greenish-grey, purple, red, and brown, soft, clayey, partly gypsiferous, in places sandy and nodular. LITHIFICATION: Poorly lithified, on the basis of facies description. | |
Environment: | offshore |
Geology comments: ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine siliciclastic on the basis of faunal composition. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | surface (in situ),field collection | ||
Reason for describing collection: | biostratigraphic analysis | ||
Collectors: | Iqbar | Collection dates: | 1966 |
Collection method comments: COLLECTOR: M. W. A. Iqbar (1966). REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of Pakistan. | |||
Taxonomic list comments:COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropod and bivalvia. NOMENCLATURE: Authoritative publication with relatively modern nomenclature, and consistent subgenus and species-resolution identifications. |
Metadata
Database number: | 77454 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Hendy | Enterer: | A. Hendy |
Modifier: | A. Hendy | Research group: | marine invertebrate |
Created: | 2008-01-12 18:33:41 | Last modified: | 2013-11-25 13:37:23 |
Access level: | authorizer only | Released: | 2009-01-12 18:33:41 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
26212. | M. W. A. Iqbal. 1980. Oligo-Miocene bivalves and gastropods from Kirthar Province, lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. Records of the Geological Society of Pakistan 51:1-59 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy] |