Sutton, Suffolk [Red Crag]: Late/Upper Pliocene, United Kingdom
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
|
Bivalvia
- Mytilida
- Mytilidae
|
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|
Mytilus edulis
Linnaeus 1758
|
Wood 1879 | |||||||||
| SUBSPECIES: Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis | ||||||||||
|
Modiola modiolus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Modiolus (Modiolus) modiolus | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Arcida
- Cucullaeidae
|
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|
Arca tetragona
Poli 1795
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Tetrarca tetragona | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Arcida
- Arcidae
|
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|
Arca lactea
Linnaeus 1767
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Ostreida
- Ostreidae
|
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|
Ostrea princeps
Wood 1850
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Pectinida
- Pectinidae
|
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|
Pecten tigrinus
Müller 1776
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Palliolum tigrinum | ||||||||||
|
Pecten pusio
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Talochlamys pusio | ||||||||||
|
Pecten maximus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Pecten maxima | ||||||||||
|
Pecten dubius
(Gmelin 1791)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| synonym of Aequipecten opercularis | ||||||||||
|
Pecten gracilis
Sowerby 1825
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| synonym of Aequipecten opercularis | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Pectinida
- Anomiidae
|
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|
Anomia patelliformis
Linnaeus 1773
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Pododesmus patelliformis | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Carditida
- Astartidae
|
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|
Astarte gracilis
Golfuss 1837
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Astarte compressa
(Montague 1808)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Astarte digitaria
(Linnaeus 1767)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Astarte basterotii
De la Jonkaire 1823
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Isocrassina basteroti | ||||||||||
|
Astarte obliquata
Sowerby 1817
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata | ||||||||||
|
Astarte burtinii
De la Jonkaire 1823
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata burtinea | ||||||||||
|
Astarte crebrilirata
Wood 1850
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Astarte sulcata
(Da Costa 1778)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Astarte mutabilis
Wood 1840
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Astarte incrassata
(Brocchi 1814)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Carditida
- Carditidae
|
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|
Cardita scalaris
(Sowerby 1825)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Cardita chamaeformis
(Sowerby 1825)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Cardita orbicularis
(Sowerby 1825)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Cardita senilis
(Lamarck 1805)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Lucinida
- Lucinidae
|
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|
Loripes divaricata
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Lucinella divaricata | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Pholadida
- Myidae
|
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|
Mya arenaria
Linnaeus 1758
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Mya (Arenomya) arenaria | ||||||||||
|
Mya truncata
Linnaeus 1758
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Mya (Mya) truncata | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Pholadida
- Corbulidae
|
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|
Corbula complanata
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Corbula striata
Lamarck 1801
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Caryocorbula striata | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Pholadida
- Pholadidae
|
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|
Pholas cylindrica
Sowerby 1818
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica | ||||||||||
|
Pholas crispata
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Zirfaea crispata | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Pholadida
- Teredinidae
|
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|
Teredo norvagica
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Galeommatidae
|
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|
Kellia ambigua
(Nyst and Westendorp 1839)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Laseina ambigua | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Cardiidae
|
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|
Cardium venustum
Wood 1840
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Cardium interruptum
Wood 1850
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Cardium angustatum
Sowerby 1821
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Cardium nodosulum
Wood 1840
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Cardium nodosum
Montague 1803
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Cardium echinatum
Linnaeus 1767
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) echinata | ||||||||||
|
Cardium parkinsoni
Sowerby 1814
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Laevicardium (Dinocardium) parkinsoni | ||||||||||
|
Cardium groenlandicum
Mohr 1786
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Serripes (Serripes) groenlandicus | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Semelidae
|
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|
Abra alba
(Wood 1802)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Abra obovalis
(Wood 1840)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Donacidae
|
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|
Donax trunculus
Linnaeus 1758
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Tellinidae
|
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|
Gastrana laminosa
(Sowerby 1827)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Tellina crassa
Pennant 1777
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Arcopagia (Arcopagia) crassa | ||||||||||
|
Tellina obliqua
Sowerby 1817
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Macoma (Macoma) obliqua | ||||||||||
|
Tellina praetenuis
Leathes in Woodward 1830
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Macoma (Macoma) praetenuis | ||||||||||
|
Tellina lata
Gmelin 1788
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Tellina benedenii
Nsyt and Westendorp 1839
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Ungulinidae
|
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|
Diplodonta dilatata
Wood 1840
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Diplodonta astartea
(Nyst 1835)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Diplodonta rotundata
(Montagu 1803)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Diplodonta (Diplodonta) rotundata | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Arcticidae
|
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|
Cyprina rustica
(Sowerby 1818)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Pygocardia rustica | ||||||||||
|
Cyprina islandica
(Linnaeus 1767)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Arctica islandica | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Veneridae
|
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|
Venus imbricata
(Sowerby 1826)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Timoclea imbricata | ||||||||||
|
Venus ovata
Pennant 1777
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Timoclea ovata | ||||||||||
|
Artemis lentiformis
(Sowerby 1818)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Tapes virginea
(Linnaeus 1767)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Venus fasciata
(da Costa 1778)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Clausinella fasciata | ||||||||||
|
Cytherea rudis
(Poli 1795)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Pitar (Pitar) rudis | ||||||||||
|
Circe minima
(Montagu 1803)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Gouldia (Gouldia) minima | ||||||||||
|
Lucinopsis lajonkairii
(Payraudeau 1826)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Chamidae
|
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|
Chama gryphoides
Linnaeus 1758
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Mactridae
|
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|
Lutraria lutraria
(Linnaeus 1767)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Mactra stultorum
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Mactra truncata
Montague 1808
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Mactra ovalis
Sowerby 1817
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Mactra solida
Linnaeus 1758
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Trigonella plana
da Costa 1778
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Mactra constricta n. sp.
Wood 1850
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Mactra subtruncata
(da Costa 1778)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Spisula subtruncata | ||||||||||
|
Mactra arcuata
Sowerby 1817
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Spisula arcuata | ||||||||||
|
Mactra obtruncata
Wood 1850
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Spisula obtruncata | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Mesodesmatidae
|
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|
Mactra deaurata
Turton 1822
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Mesodesma deauratum | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Glossidae
|
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|
Isocardia cor
(Linnaeus 1767)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Kelliidae
|
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|
Lepton deltoideum
(Wood 1840)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Bornia (Bornia) deltoidea | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Cardiida
- Gastrochaenidae
|
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|
Gastrochaena dubia
(Pennant 1777)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) dubia | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Solenida
- Solenidae
|
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|
Solen ensis
Linnaeus 1767
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Solen siliqua
Linnaeus 1767
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Solenida
- Pharidae
|
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|
Cultellus tenuis
(Philippi 1836)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Solen gladiolus
Gray 1839
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| synonym of Ensis macha | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Hiatellida
- Hiatellidae
|
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|
Saxicava arctica
(Linnaeus 1767)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Hiatella arctica | ||||||||||
|
Saxicava rugosa
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| synonym of Hiatella | ||||||||||
|
Panopea norvegica
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Panopea faujasii
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Glycimeris angusta
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Glycymeris | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Nuculanida
- Nuculanidae
|
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|
Leda caudata
(Donovan 1802)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Nuculanida
- Yoldiidae
|
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|
Leda myalis
(Couthouy 1838)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Yoldia (Yoldia) myalis | ||||||||||
|
Bivalvia
- Nuculida
- Nuculidae
|
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|
Nucula cobboldiae
(Linnaeus 1767)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae | ||||||||||
|
Nucula nucleus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Wood 1850 | |||||||||
| recombined as Nucula (Nucula) nucleus | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Heterostropha
- Pyramidellidae
|
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|
Chemnitzia internodula
Wood 1848
|
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| recombined as Turbonilla (Pyrgolidium) internodula | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Heterostropha
- Ringiculidae
|
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|
Ringicula buccinea
(Sowerby 1823)
|
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|
Ringicula ventricosa
(Sowerby 1823)
|
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|
Gastropoda
- Epitoniidae
|
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|
Scalaria groenlandica
(Perry 1811)
|
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| recombined as Epitonium greenlandicum | ||||||||||
|
Scalaria trevelyana
Johnston 1841
|
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| recombined as Epitonium trevelyana | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Eulimidae
|
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|
Eulima naumanni
von Könen 1867
|
Wood 1879 | |||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Potamididae
|
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|
Cerithium tricinctum
(Brocchi 1814)
|
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| recombined as Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Turritellidae
|
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|
Turritella imbricataria
Lamarck 1804
|
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| recombined as Haustator imbricataria | ||||||||||
|
Turritella communis
Risso 1826
|
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|
Turritella taurinensis
Michelotti 1847
|
Wood 1879 | |||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Triviidae
|
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|
Erato maugeriae
Gray 1832
|
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| recombined as Archierato maugeriae | ||||||||||
|
Cypraea angliae
(Wood 1848)
|
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| recombined as Niveria angliae | ||||||||||
|
Cypraea avellana
Sowerby 1823
|
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| recombined as Niveria avellana | ||||||||||
|
Cypraea retusa
Sowerby 1823
|
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| recombined as Trivia retusa | ||||||||||
|
Erato laevis
(Donovan 1799)
|
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|
= Erato britannica
Schilder 1933
|
Fehse and Landau 2001 | |||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Columbellidae
|
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|
Columbella sulcata
(Sowerby 1823)
|
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|
Columbella (Astyris) sulculata
Wood 1879
|
Wood 1879 | |||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Buccinidae
|
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|
Buccinum undatum
Linnaeus 1758
|
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|
Nassa monensis
Forbes 1842
|
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|
Trophon (Sipho) islandicus
(Mohr 1786)
|
Wood 1879 | |||||||||
| recombined as Colus islandicus | ||||||||||
|
Buccinum dalei
Sowerby 1825
|
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| recombined as Liomesus dalei | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Nassariidae
|
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|
Nassa labiosa
(Sowerby 1824)
|
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| recombined as Amyclina labiosa | ||||||||||
|
Nassa incrassata
(Müller 1773)
|
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| recombined as Nassarius incrassatus | ||||||||||
|
Nassa prismatica
(Brocchi 1814)
|
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| recombined as Nassarius prysmaticus | ||||||||||
|
Nassa consociata
Wood 1848
|
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| recombined as Nassarius (Tritonella) consociatus | ||||||||||
|
Nassa propinqua
(Sowerby 1824)
|
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| recombined as Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus | ||||||||||
|
Fusus intortus
Lamarck 1803
|
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| COMMENTS: Reworked from London Clay (Eocene)? | ||||||||||
|
Fusus porrectus
(Solander 1766)
|
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| COMMENTS: Reworked from London Clay (Eocene)? | ||||||||||
|
Nassa conglobata
(Brocchi 1814)
|
Wood 1879 | |||||||||
| recombined as Demoulia conglobata | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Fasciolariidae
|
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|
Trophon costiferum
Wood 1848
|
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| recombined as Buccinofusus costiferum | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Cancellariidae
|
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|
Cancellaria costellifera
(Sowerby 1818)
|
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|
Cancellaria subangulosa
Wood 1842
|
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|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Turridae
|
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|
Pleurotoma senilis
Wood 1877
|
Wood 1879 | |||||||||
|
Pleurotoma intorta
(Brocchi 1814)
|
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|
Pleurotoma turricula
(Montagu 1803)
|
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|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Conidae
|
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|
Clavatula turricula
(Montagu 1803)
|
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| recombined as Propebela turricula | ||||||||||
|
Clavatula trevelliana
(Turton 1834)
|
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| synonym of Curtitoma reticulata | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Clavatulidae
|
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|
Clavatula linearis
(Montagu 1803)
|
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|
Clavatula costata
(Da Costa 1778)
|
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|
Clavatula plicifera
(Wood 1842)
|
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|
Clavatula mitrula
(Sowerby 1822)
|
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|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Drilliidae
|
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|
Pleurotoma carinata
(Bivonae in Philip 1844)
|
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| synonym of Spirotropis confusa | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Terebridae
|
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|
Terebra inversa
Nyst 1843
|
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|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Mangeliidae
|
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|
Clavatula nebula
(Montagu 1803)
|
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| recombined as Mangelia nebula | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Volutidae
|
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|
Cancellaria mitraeformis
(Lamarck 1811)
|
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| recombined as Lyria mitraeformis | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Neogastropoda
- Muricidae
|
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|
Murex torturosus
Sowerby 1823
|
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|
Purpura tetragona
Sowerby 1825
|
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| recombined as Spinucella tetragona | ||||||||||
|
Trophon scalariforme
(Gould 1841)
|
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| synonym of Boreotrophon clathratus | ||||||||||
|
Trophon alveolatum
(Sowerby 1826)
|
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|
Gastropoda
- Strombidae
|
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|
Rostellaria plurimacosta
Wood 1848
|
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|
Gastropoda
- Aporrhaidae
|
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|
Aporrhais pespelicani
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
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| recombined as Aporrhais pespelecani | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Cassidae
|
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|
Cassidaria bicarinata
(Sowerby 1815)
|
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| recombined as Galeodea bicatenata | ||||||||||
|
Gastropoda
- Pseudomelaniidae
|
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|
Pleurotoma semicolon
Sowerby 1816
|
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| recombined as Crassispira (Crassispira) semicolon | ||||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | United Kingdom | State/province: | England | County: | Suffolk |
| Coordinates: | 52.8° North, 1.5° East (view map) | ||||
| Paleocoordinates: | 52.8° North, 1.2° East | ||||
| Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark | ||||
| Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
| Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Pliocene |
| Stage: | Piacenzian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Late/Upper Pliocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 3.60000 - 2.58000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Formation: | Red Crag | ||||
| Stratigraphic resolution: | bed | ||||
| Stratigraphy comments: STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Red Crag, which is regionally overlies the Coralline Crag. AGE: Late Pliocene, according to Rayner, 1981 on the basis of foraminiferal and palynological biostratigraphy. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From unknown position within formation. | |||||
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | unlithified "siliciclastic" |
| Includes fossils? | Y |
| Lithology description: SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text, but siliciclastic based on observation of specimens. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, based on observation and figured specimens. | |
| Environment: | coastal indet. |
| Geology comments: ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine siliciclastic. | |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body,original aragonite,original calcite |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | field collection |
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
| Collection method comments: COLLECTOR: Not stated, but probably Stearns Wood, c. 1840's-1870's. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text. | |
| Taxonomic list comments:COVERAGE: Exhaustive for mollusca. Other volumes when entered will include bryozoa, brachiopoda, and anthozoa. NOMENCLATURE: Authoritative publication, but with antiquated nomenclature, which is revised where possible through more recent sources. | |
Metadata
| Database number: | 84759 | ||
| Authorizer: | A. Hendy, P. Wagner | Enterer: | A. Hendy, P. Wagner |
| Modifier: | A. Hendy | Research group: | marine invertebrate |
| Created: | 2008-11-10 17:00:06 | Last modified: | 2013-11-25 13:37:23 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2008-11-10 17:00:06 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 28450. | S. V. Wood. 1848. A monograph of the Crag Mollusca or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper Tertiaries of the East of England. Part 1. Univalves 1-208 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/A. Hendy] |
Secondary references:
| 59016 | D. Fehse and B. Landau. 2001. Contributions to eratoid systematics Mollusca, Gastropoda , 2. Late Miocene Eratoidae from Sceaux d' Anjou Loire Basin, France , with descriptions of new taxa. Cainozoic Research 1(1-2):91-110 [P. Wagner/P. Wagner] | |
| 29100 | S. V. Wood. 1850. A monograph of the Crag Mollusca, or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper tertiaries of the East of England. Part II. Bivalves 1-302 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/S. Ávila] | |
| 28443 | S. V. Wood. 1879. Monograph of the Crag Mollusca with descriptions of shells from the upper tertiaries of the east of England 4:1-58 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy] |