Haikou [Yuanshan Fm (formerly Qiongzhusi)] (Cambrian of China)
Also known as Chengjiang biota; Jingmacun, Kunming
Where: Yunnan, China (24.8° N, 102.6° E: paleocoordinates 35.1° N, 161.1° E)
• coordinate based on nearby landmark
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Eoredlichia trilobite zone, Yuanshan Formation, Atdabanian (521.0 - 516.0 Ma)
• LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY: Formerly from the Yuanshan Mbr, Qiongzhusi Fm. Yuanshan is raised to formation rank in recent publications (Steiner 2005, 2007). Wade-Giles romanization of Qiongzhusi is Chiungchussu. AGE: Eoredlichia Zone. Refined to Atdabanian by A. Hendy (2/2009)
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: marine; lithified, gray, green, yellow, carbonaceous mudstone
• "benthic sediment flows... are believed to have been the the principal method of burial" (Shu et al. 1999b)
•"presence of agglutinated quartz grains, substantially coarser than the surrounding matrix... suggests... that the animal inhabited a higher-energy, sandy sea floor and was transported" (Shu et al. 2001)
• LITHOLOGY: Dark grey-green (yellow, when weathered), finely laminated mudstones, containing organic hash in great quantity. LITHIFICATION: Lithified, on the basis of figures.
Size class: macrofossils
Preservation: adpression, soft parts
Collection methods: surface (in situ), hydrochloric,
• COLLECTOR: Multiple collectors. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text.
Primary reference: M. Steiner, M. Zhu, Y. Zhao and B.-D. Erdtmann. 2005. Lower Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil associations of South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220:129-152 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 68083: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 02.01.2007, edited by Pete Wagner, Austin Hendy and Marcus Domansky
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for all groups. NOMENCLATURE: From a combination of authoritative and review publications, with modern nomenclature and species-resolution identifications.
Show authors, comments, and common names
| unclassified | |
Cyathocephalus bispinosus, Diplopyge forcipatus, Diplopyge minutus, Glossocaris oculatus, Jianshania furcatus, Mafangia subscalaria, Mafangocaris multinodus, Ovalicephalus mirabilis, Pterotrum triacanthus, Pigmaclypeatus daziensis, Syrrhaptis intestinalis, Paucipoda haikouensis, Xioheiqingella peculiaris, Protosagitta spinosa, Haikouella lanceolata, Haikouella jianshanensis, Zhongxiniscus intermedius, Zhongjianichthys rostratus, Anthotrum robustus, Calathites spinalis, Dinomisculus venustus, Macrocephalus elongatus, Phacatrum tubifer, Phasganula longa, Pristioites bifarius, Rhipitrus clavifer, Megaspirellus houi
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| Cambrorhytium | |
| Xianguangia | |
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Xianguangia sinica Chen and Erdtmann 1991 | |
| Nectocaris | |
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Petalilium latus Luo and Hu 1999 | |
| Demospongiae | |
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Halichondrites sp. Walcott 1920 demosponge | |
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Allantospongia mica Rigby and Hou 1995 demosponge
Choia sp. Walcott 1920 demosponge
Choiaella radiata Rigby and Hou 1995 demosponge | |
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Hamptonia bowerbanki Walcott 1920 demosponge | |
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Leptomitus teretiusculus Chen et al. 1989 demosponge
Paraleptomitella dictyodroma Chen et al. 1989 demosponge | |
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Hazelia palmata Walcott 1920 demosponge | |
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| Hexactinellida | |
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Saetaspongia densa Mehl and Reitner 1993 glass sponge | |
| Xidazoon stephanus | |
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Xidazoon stephanus n. gen. n. sp.7 Shu et al. 1999
Xidazoon stephanus Shu et al. 1999 | |
| Scleroctenophora | |
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Trigoides aclis Luo et al. 1999 | |
| Amiskwia | |
| Cotyledion tylodes | |
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Cotyledion tylodes Luo and Hu 1999 | |
| Hyolitha | |
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Ambrolinevitus ventricosus Qian 1978
Linevitus billingsi Walcott 1886 | |
| Brachiopoda | |
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Heliomedusa orienta10 Sun and Hou 1987
Heliomedusa orienta Sun and Hou 1987 | |
Wufengella bengtsoni n. gen. n. sp.2
Wufengella bengtsoni n. gen. n. sp.2 Guo et al. 2022 | |
| Lingulata | |
"Lingulella chengjiangensis" = Eoglossa chengjiangensis
"Lingulella chengjiangensis" = Eoglossa chengjiangensis Jin et al. 1993 | |
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Lingulellotreta malongensis Rong 1974 | |
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Diandongia pista Rong 1974 | |
| Acosmia maotiania | |
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Acosmia maotiania Chen and Zhou 1997 | |
| Corynetis brevis | |
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Corynetis brevis Luo and Hu 1999 | |
| Paraselkirkia | |
| Sicyophorus | |
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Sicyophorus rara Luo and Hu 1999 | |
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Tylotites petiolaris Luo and Hu 1999
Tabelliscolex hexagonus Han et al. 2003 | |
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? Maotianshania cylindrica Sun and Huo 1987 | |
| Palaeoscolecida | |
"Palaeoscolex sinensis" = Mafangscolex sinensis
"Palaeoscolex sinensis" = Mafangscolex sinensis Hou and Sun 1988 | |
| Bilateria | |
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"Xishania longiusula" = Facivermis longiusula Hu 2002
Facivermis yunnanicus Hou and Chen 1989
Luolishania longicruris Hou and Chen 1989 | |
| Xenusia | |
Jianshanopodia decora n. gen. n. sp.4
Jianshanopodia decora n. gen. n. sp.4 Liu et al. 2006 | |
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Onychodictyon gracilis n. sp.3 Liu et al. 2008 | |
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Hallucigenia fortis1 Hou and Bergström 1995 | |
| Diania cactiformis | |
Diania cactiformis n. gen. n. sp.5
Diania cactiformis n. gen. n. sp.5 Liu et al. 2011 | |
| Cardiodictyon | |
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Cardiodictyon catenulum Hou et al. 1991 | |
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Primicaris larvaformis Zhang et al. 2003 | |
| Tanglangia | |
| Deuteropoda | |
| Megacheira | |
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Fortiforceps foliosa Hou and Bergström 1997 | |
"Leanchoilia illecebrosa" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa, "Apiocephalus elegans" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa, "Dianchia mirabilis" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa, "Leanchoilia asiatica" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa
"Leanchoilia illecebrosa" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa Hou 1987
"Apiocephalus elegans" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa Hou 1987
"Dianchia mirabilis" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa Hou 1987
"Leanchoilia asiatica" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa Hou 1987 | |
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Urokodia aequalis Hou et al. 1989 | |
| Deuteropoda | |
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Fuxianhuia protensa Hou 1987 | |
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Branchiocaris yunnanensis Hou 1987
Ercaicunia multinodosa Luo et al. 1999 | |
| Crustacea | |
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Chuandianella ovata Li 1975
Waptia sp.8 Walcott 1912 | |
| Artiopoda | |
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Saperion glumaceum Hou et al. 1991
Kuamaia lata Hou 1987 | |
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Retifacies abnormalis Hou et al. 1989
Squamacula clypeata Hou and Bergström 1997 | |
| Trilobita | |
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Kuanyangia pustulosa Lu 1941 trilobite
"Eoredlichia intermedia" = Eoredlichia intermediata Lu 1940 trilobite | |
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Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis Mansuy 1912 trilobite | |
| Artiopoda | |
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Sinoburius lunaris Hou et al. 1991
Cindarella eucalla Chen et al. 1996
Xandarella sp. Hou et al. 1991 | |
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Naraoia sp.8 Walcott 1912
Naraoia spinosa Zhang and Hou 1985
"Naraoia longicaudata" = Misszhouia longicaudata Zhang and Hou 1985 | |
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Parapeytoia yunnanensis Hou et al. 1995 | |
"Anomalocaris saron" = Houcaris saron
"Anomalocaris saron" = Houcaris saron Hou et al. 1995 | |
| Megadictyon | |
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Megadictyon haikouensis Luo and Hu 1999 | |
Combinivalvula chengjiangensis, Kunmingella bispinosus, Kunmingella douvillei, Acanthomeridion serratum
Combinivalvula chengjiangensis Hou 1987
Kunmingella douvillei Mansuy 1912
Acanthomeridion serratum Hou et al. 1989 | |
"? Odaraia eurypetala" = Pectocaris
"? Odaraia eurypetala" = Pectocaris | |
| Jianfengia | |
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Jianfengia multisegmentalis Hou 1987 | |
| Ercaia | |
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Cheungkongella ancestralis n. gen. n. sp.6 Shu et al. 2001
Cheungkongella ancestralis Shu et al. 2001 | |
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Stellostomites eumorphus Sun and Hou 1987 | |
| Cephalochordata | |
| Agnatha | |
Haikouichthys ercaicunensis n. gen. n. sp.8, Haikouichthys ercaicunensis, Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa n. gen. n. sp.8, Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa
Haikouichthys ercaicunensis Luo et al. 1999 jawless fish
Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa Wagner 2023 jawless fish | |
| Vetulicolida | |
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Pomatrum ventralis Luo et al. 1999 | |
| Sinocylindra yunnanensis | |
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Sinocylindra yunnanensis Chen and Erdtmann 1991 | |
| Fuxianospira | |
| Discoides abnormis | |
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Discoides abnormis Luo et al. 1999 | |
| Sandaokania latinodosa | |
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Sandaokania latinodosa Luo and Hu 1999 | |
| Lagenula striolata | |
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Lagenula striolata Luo and Hu 1999 | |