PBDB Collection

Gryphaea (Crassostrea) gryphoides crassissima assemblage zone, Crete (Miocene of Greece)

Where: Greece (35.3° N, 24.6° E: paleocoordinates 34.9° N, 24.2° E)

• coordinate based on political unit

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Apostoli Formation, Tortonian (11.6 - 7.2 Ma)

• N 16: Neogloboquadrina acostaensis zone

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: shallow subtidal; lithified limestone and lithified marl

• The basal parts are composed of conglomerates and sands. The middle and upper parts consist of organic limestones alternating with clays and marls.

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: M. Dermitzakis and E. Georgiades-Dikeoulia. 1987. Biozonation of the Neogene invertebrate megafauna of the Hellenic area. Annales Instituti Geologici Publici Hungarici 70:125-136 [W. Kiessling/U. Merkel]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 72310: authorized by Wolfgang Kiessling, entered by Uta Merkel on 01.06.2007, edited by Wolfgang Kiessling

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

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Bivalvia
Carditida - Carditidae	Cardita (Cardiocardita) partschi, Cardita (Megacardita) jouanneti, Cardita pectinata, Cardita jouanneti, "Beguina (Glans) rhomboidea" = Glans, "Beguina (Glans) rudista" = Glans Cardita (Cardiocardita) partschi clam Cardita (Megacardita) jouanneti clam Cardita pectinata clam Cardita jouanneti clam subsp. ponderosa "Beguina (Glans) rhomboidea" = Glans clam "Beguina (Glans) rudista" = Glans clam
Pholadida - Corbulidae	Corbula (Corbula) carinata Corbula (Corbula) carinata Dujardin 1837 clam subsp. hoernesi
Cardiida - Chamidae	Chama gryphoides Chama gryphoides Linnaeus 1758 jewel box
Cardiida - Mactridae	Lutraria (Psammophila) oblonga Lutraria (Psammophila) oblonga Gmelin 1791 clam
Cardiida - Veneridae	Venus (Ventricola) multilamella, "Dosinia (Orbiculus) lupinus" = Dosinia lupina Venus (Ventricola) multilamella Lamarck 1818 venus clam "Dosinia (Orbiculus) lupinus" = Dosinia lupina Linnaeus 1758 venus clam subsp. austriaca
Cardiida - Cardiidae	"Cardium echinatum" = Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) echinata, Cardium paucicostatum, Cardium (Ringicardium) hians, Cardium tuberculatum, Laevicardium (Discors) spondyloides, "Cardium (Cerastoderma) edule" = Cerastoderma edule "Cardium echinatum" = Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) echinata Linnaeus 1767 cockle subsp. mucronata Cardium paucicostatum cockle Cardium (Ringicardium) hians Spengler 1799 cockle subsp. danubianum Cardium tuberculatum Linnaeus 1758 cockle Laevicardium (Discors) spondyloides cockle "Cardium (Cerastoderma) edule" = Cerastoderma edule Linnaeus 1758 cockle
Lucinida - Lucinidae	Linga (Bellucina) agassizi, Linga (Linga) columbella Linga (Bellucina) agassizi clam Linga (Linga) columbella Lamarck 1818 clam
Arcida - Glycymerididae	"Arca (Pectinarca) pectinata" = Tucetona pectinata, Glycymeris (Glycymeris) cor, Glycymeris (Glycymeris) pilosa, Glycymeris (Glycymeris) bimaculata, Glycymeris (Glycymeris) inflatus "Arca (Pectinarca) pectinata" = Tucetona pectinata Gmelin 1791 clam Glycymeris (Glycymeris) cor Lamarck 1805 clam Glycymeris (Glycymeris) pilosa Linnaeus 1767 clam subsp. deshayesi Glycymeris (Glycymeris) bimaculata clam Glycymeris (Glycymeris) inflatus clam
Arcida - Arcidae	Barbatia (Barbatia) barbata, Arca turoniensis, Arca turonica, Arca (Anadara) noae, "Arca (Anadara) girondica" = Anadara, "Arca (Anadara) fichteli" = Anadara fichteli, "Arca (Anadara) diluvii" = Scapharca (Scapharca) diluvii Barbatia (Barbatia) barbata Linnaeus 1758 clam Arca turoniensis ark Arca turonica ark subsp. taurangulosa Arca (Anadara) noae Linnaeus 1758 ark "Arca (Anadara) girondica" = Anadara ark "Arca (Anadara) fichteli" = Anadara fichteli Deshayes 1850 ark "Arca (Anadara) diluvii" = Scapharca (Scapharca) diluvii Lamarck 1805 clam
Arcida - Noetiidae	Arcopsis rollei Arcopsis rollei clam
Pectinida - Pectinoidae	Spondylus crassicosta, Spondylus concentricus, Spondylus gaederopus, Chlamys (Manupecten) jakloweciana, Chlamys (Macrochlamys) latissima, Chlamys solarium, Chlamys angelonii, Chlamys bollenensis, Chlamys haueri, Chlamys (Macrochlamys) tournali, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) scabrella" = Chlamys scabrellus, "Chlamys varia" = Chlamys (Chlamys) varia, "Amussium cristatum" = Amusium, "Chlamys multistriata" = Talochlamys multistriata, Pecten praebenedictus, Pecten revolutus, Pecten benedictus, Pecten dunkeri, Pecten aduncus, "Pecten (Flabellipecten) besseri" = Camptonectes virgatus, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) spinulosa" = Aequipecten, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis, "Chlamys opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis, "Pecten (Flabellipecten) ugolini" = Flabellipecten, "Flabellipecten incrassatus" = Flabellipecten, Flabellipecten fraterculus, Hinnites brassonii Spondylus crassicosta Lamarck 1819 scallop Spondylus concentricus Bronn 1831 scallop Spondylus gaederopus Linnaeus 1758 scallop Chlamys (Manupecten) jakloweciana scallop Chlamys (Macrochlamys) latissima scallop Chlamys solarium scallop Chlamys angelonii scallop Chlamys bollenensis scallop Chlamys haueri scallop Chlamys (Macrochlamys) tournali scallop "Chlamys (Aequipecten) scabrella" = Chlamys scabrellus Lamarck 1819 scallop "Chlamys varia" = Chlamys (Chlamys) varia Linnaeus 1758 scallop "Amussium cristatum" = Amusium scallop "Chlamys multistriata" = Talochlamys multistriata Poli 1795 scallop Pecten praebenedictus scallop Pecten revolutus scallop Pecten benedictus scallop Pecten dunkeri scallop Pecten aduncus Eichwald 1830 scallop "Pecten (Flabellipecten) besseri" = Camptonectes virgatus Nilsson 1827 scallop "Chlamys (Aequipecten) spinulosa" = Aequipecten scallop "Chlamys (Aequipecten) opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis Linnaeus 1758 scallop "Chlamys opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis Linnaeus 1758 scallop subsp. audouini "Pecten (Flabellipecten) ugolini" = Flabellipecten scallop "Flabellipecten incrassatus" = Flabellipecten scallop Flabellipecten fraterculus Sowerby in Smith 1841 scallop Hinnites brassonii scallop subsp. calligens
Pectinida - Anomiidae	Anomia (Anomia) ephippium Anomia (Anomia) ephippium Linnaeus 1758 jingle
Ostreida - Ostreidae	Gryphaea (Crassostrea) gryphoides, "Ostrea (Ostrea) digitalina" = Cubitostrea digitalina, Ostrea fimbriata, Ostrea (Ostrea) fimbriata, "Ostrea (Ostrea) edulis" = Ostrea edulis, "Ostrea (Ostrea) lamellosa" = Ostrea edulis, "Ostrea lamellosa" = Ostrea edulis, Ostrea gingensis, "Pycnodonta navicularis" = Neopycnodonte navicularis, "Pycnodonta germanitala" = Pycnodonte Gryphaea (Crassostrea) gryphoides Schlotheim 1813 oyster subsp. crassissima "Ostrea (Ostrea) digitalina" = Cubitostrea digitalina Eichwald 1830 oyster Ostrea fimbriata oyster Ostrea (Ostrea) fimbriata oyster "Ostrea (Ostrea) edulis" = Ostrea edulis Linnaeus 1758 oyster subsp. adriatica "Ostrea (Ostrea) lamellosa" = Ostrea edulis Linnaeus 1758 oyster "Ostrea lamellosa" = Ostrea edulis Linnaeus 1758 oyster subsp. boblayei Ostrea gingensis Schlotheim 1813 oyster "Pycnodonta navicularis" = Neopycnodonte navicularis Brocchi 1814 oyster "Pycnodonta germanitala" = Pycnodonte oyster
Gastropoda
Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae	Crepidula (Jamachus) crepidula Crepidula (Jamachus) crepidula Linnaeus 1758 slipper shell subsp. unguis
Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae	Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum, Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) granulium, Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) salmo Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum Montagu 1803 cerith snail Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) granulium cerith snail Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) salmo cerith snail
Cerithioidea - Turritellidae	"Turritella (Haustator) hoernesi" = Haustator, "Turritella (Haustator) partschi" = Haustator, "Turritella (Haustator) eryna" = Haustator eryna, "Turritella (Archimediella) dertonensis" = Archimediella, "Turritella (Archimediella) archimedis" = Archimediella, "Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica" = Archimediella, "Turritella (Torculoidella) triplicata" = Archimediella (Torculoidella), "Archimediella (Torculoidella) spirata" = Archimediella (Torculoidella) spiratus, Turritella (Zaria) subangulata, Turritella (Turritella) tricarinata, Turritella (Haustator) tricincta, Turritella (Turritella) turris, "Turritella (Torculoidella) bicarinata" = Turritella bicarinata "Turritella (Haustator) hoernesi" = Haustator turret shell "Turritella (Haustator) partschi" = Haustator turret shell subsp. quatricincta "Turritella (Haustator) eryna" = Haustator eryna d'Orbigny 1852 turret shell subsp. rotundata "Turritella (Archimediella) dertonensis" = Archimediella turret shell subsp. dertonensis, persulcata and subconica "Turritella (Archimediella) archimedis" = Archimediella turret shell subsp. dertonatior "Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica" = Archimediella turret shell subsp. pythagoraica "Turritella (Torculoidella) triplicata" = Archimediella (Torculoidella) turret shell and subsp. crasseplicata, dertosimplex and superneaplicata "Archimediella (Torculoidella) spirata" = Archimediella (Torculoidella) spiratus Brocchi 1814 turret shell Turritella (Zaria) subangulata turret shell Turritella (Turritella) tricarinata Brocchi 1814 turret shell subsp. communis Turritella (Haustator) tricincta Münster 1841 turret shell Turritella (Turritella) turris Basterot 1825 turret shell subsp. capriciosa "Turritella (Torculoidella) bicarinata" = Turritella bicarinata Elchwald 1830 turret shell subsp. bicarinata and subunocincta
Cerithioidea - Potamididae	"Potamides tricinctus" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus, "Potamides (Tympanotomus) trochlearispina" = Tympanotonos, "Terebralia bidentata" = Terebralia bidentata, "Terebralia lignitarum" = Terebralia bidentata "Potamides tricinctus" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus Brocchi 1814 horn snail subsp. scalaritina "Potamides (Tympanotomus) trochlearispina" = Tympanotonos horn snail subsp. subfenestrata "Terebralia bidentata" = Terebralia bidentata Defrance 1832 horn snail subsp. cingulatior, vignali, prolignitarium and bidentata "Terebralia lignitarum" = Terebralia bidentata Defrance 1832 horn snail subsp. lignitarum
Sorbeoconcha - Campanilidae	Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum, "Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum" = Thericium europaeum, "Cerithium (Thericium) italicum" = Thericium italicum, "Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) crenatum" = Thericium Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum Bruguière 1789 snail subsp. miospina "Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum" = Thericium europaeum Mayer 1878 snail subsp. europaeum "Cerithium (Thericium) italicum" = Thericium italicum Mayer 1878 snail subsp. dertonensis "Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) crenatum" = Thericium snail
Sorbeoconcha - Tonnidae	"Dolium (Cadium) orbiculatum" = Tonna "Dolium (Cadium) orbiculatum" = Tonna tun shell
Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae	"Semicassis (Semicassis) miolaevigata" = Phalium (Semicassis) miolaevigata, Cassis (Cassis) postmamillaris "Semicassis (Semicassis) miolaevigata" = Phalium (Semicassis) miolaevigata Sacco 1890 snail Cassis (Cassis) postmamillaris snail
Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae	Gyrineum (Aspa) marginatum, "Charonia (Sassia) tarbelliana" = Sassia, "Charonia (Sassia) apenninica" = Sassia apenninica, "Cymatium (Lampusia) affine" = Monoplex Gyrineum (Aspa) marginatum triton shell "Charonia (Sassia) tarbelliana" = Sassia triton shell "Charonia (Sassia) apenninica" = Sassia apenninica Sassi 1827 triton shell "Cymatium (Lampusia) affine" = Monoplex triton shell subsp. friedbergi
Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae	"Pyrula lainaei" = Ficus "Pyrula lainaei" = Ficus fig shell
Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae	"Schilderia annularia" = Zonarina annularia "Schilderia annularia" = Zonarina annularia Brongniart 1823 cowry subsp. hoernesiana
Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae	"Strombus (Canarium) bonellii" = Persististrombus bonellii, "Strombus (Strombus) coronatus" = Persististrombus coronatus "Strombus (Canarium) bonellii" = Persististrombus bonellii Brongniart 1823 true conch "Strombus (Strombus) coronatus" = Persististrombus coronatus Defrance 1827 true conch
Sorbeoconcha - Aporrhaidae	Aporrhais (Chenopus) uttigerianus, Aporrhais (Aporrhais) alata Aporrhais (Chenopus) uttigerianus snail Aporrhais (Aporrhais) alata snail
Sorbeoconcha - Xenophoridae	Xenophora infundibulum, Xenophora deshayesi Xenophora infundibulum carrier shell Xenophora deshayesi Michelotti 1847 carrier shell
Neogastropoda - Volutidae	Athleta (Athleta) pyrulaeformis, Athleta (Athleta) ficulina Athleta (Athleta) pyrulaeformis volute Athleta (Athleta) ficulina Lamarck 1811 volute subsp. rarispina
Neogastropoda - Muricidae	Ocinebrina sublavata, "Hexaplex (Muricanthus) subasperrimus" = Muricanthus, Hadriania craticulata, Thais (Stramonita) exilis, Purpura (Tritonalia) austriaca, Purpura (Tritonalia) delbosiana, "Typhis (Typhinellus) tetrapterus" = Typhinellus, Vitularia (Vitularia) linguabovis Ocinebrina sublavata murex snail subsp. sublavata "Hexaplex (Muricanthus) subasperrimus" = Muricanthus murex snail Hadriania craticulata Brocchi 1814 murex snail Thais (Stramonita) exilis Parsch in Hörnes 1856 murex snail Purpura (Tritonalia) austriaca murex snail Purpura (Tritonalia) delbosiana murex snail subsp. friedbergi "Typhis (Typhinellus) tetrapterus" = Typhinellus murex snail Vitularia (Vitularia) linguabovis murex snail
Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae	Cancellaria (Solatia) barjonae, Narona (Sveltia) dertovaricosa, Trigonostoma (Trigonostoma) scrobiculatum Cancellaria (Solatia) barjonae snail subsp. dertoturrita Narona (Sveltia) dertovaricosa snail Trigonostoma (Trigonostoma) scrobiculatum snail
Neogastropoda - Costellariidae	Vexillum (Vexillum) plicatulum Vexillum (Vexillum) plicatulum Brocchi 1814 ribbed mitre
Neogastropoda - Conidae	"Conus (Rhijoconus) puschi" = Plagioconus puschi, Conus (Rhijoconus) ponterosus, Conus (Rhijoconus) pyrula, Conus (Dendroconus) betulinoides, "Conus (Chelyconus) enjesfeldensis" = Conus (Chelyoconus), "Conus (Chelyconus) fuscocingulatus" = Conus (Chelyoconus), "Conus (Chelyconus) pelagicus" = Conus (Chelyoconus), Conus (Lithoconus) mercati, "Conus (Lithoconus) antiquus" = Lithoconus antiquus, Conus (Conolithus) dujardini "Conus (Rhijoconus) puschi" = Plagioconus puschi Michelotti 1857 cone shell Conus (Rhijoconus) ponterosus cone shell subsp. ponterosus Conus (Rhijoconus) pyrula cone shell subsp. mucronata Conus (Dendroconus) betulinoides cone shell "Conus (Chelyconus) enjesfeldensis" = Conus (Chelyoconus) cone shell "Conus (Chelyconus) fuscocingulatus" = Conus (Chelyoconus) cone shell "Conus (Chelyconus) pelagicus" = Conus (Chelyoconus) cone shell Conus (Lithoconus) mercati cone shell subsp. miocaenicus "Conus (Lithoconus) antiquus" = Lithoconus antiquus Lamarck 1810 cone shell Conus (Conolithus) dujardini Deshayes 1845 cone shell
Neogastropoda - Terebridae	Subula (Oxymeris) fuscata, Terebra (Terebra) acuminata, Terebra (Terebra) neglecta Subula (Oxymeris) fuscata auger snail subsp. modesta and plicaria Terebra (Terebra) acuminata auger snail subsp. acuminata Terebra (Terebra) neglecta auger snail
Neogastropoda - Drilliidae	"Clavus (Drillia) bellardii" = Drillia, "Clavus (Drillia) pustulatus" = Drillia, Clavus (Drillia) allionii "Clavus (Drillia) bellardii" = Drillia snail "Clavus (Drillia) pustulatus" = Drillia snail Clavus (Drillia) allionii Bellardi 1877 snail
Neogastropoda - Borsoniidae	"Genota (Genota) ramosa" = Genota valeriae "Genota (Genota) ramosa" = Genota valeriae Hoernes and Auinger 1891 snail subsp. ramosa
Neogastropoda - Turridae	Gemmula (Hemipleurotoma) annae, Gemmula (Hemipleurotoma) contigua, "Clavatula (Perrona) inedita" = Perrona, "Clavatula (Perrona) jouanneti" = Perrona, "Clavatula (Perrona) saubrigiana" = Perrona, "Clavatula (Perrona) taurinensis" = Perrona, Turris (Turris) rotata, Turris (Turris) aquensis Gemmula (Hemipleurotoma) annae turrid Gemmula (Hemipleurotoma) contigua turrid "Clavatula (Perrona) inedita" = Perrona turrid "Clavatula (Perrona) jouanneti" = Perrona turrid "Clavatula (Perrona) saubrigiana" = Perrona turrid "Clavatula (Perrona) taurinensis" = Perrona turrid Turris (Turris) rotata turrid Turris (Turris) aquensis turrid
Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae	"Turricula (Surcula) reevei" = Turricula, Clavatula (Clavatula) asperulata, Clavatula (Clavatula) calcarata, Clavatula (Clavatula) theodori "Turricula (Surcula) reevei" = Turricula snail Clavatula (Clavatula) asperulata snail subsp. gracilis and ernesti Clavatula (Clavatula) calcarata snail Clavatula (Clavatula) theodori snail subsp. calcaratiformis
Neogastropoda - Mitridae	Mitra (Tiara) substriatula, Mitraria (Mitraria) ambigua, "Mitra (Tiara) scrobiculata" = Cancilla scrobiculata Mitra (Tiara) substriatula d'Orbigny 1852 mitre shell Mitraria (Mitraria) ambigua mitre shell subsp. ambigua "Mitra (Tiara) scrobiculata" = Cancilla scrobiculata Brocchi 1814 mitre shell
Neogastropoda - Olividae	Olivancillaria (Aragonia) acuminata Olivancillaria (Aragonia) acuminata olive snail
Neogastropoda - Ancillariidae	"Ancilla (Baryspira) glandiformis" = Amalda glandiformis "Ancilla (Baryspira) glandiformis" = Amalda glandiformis Lamarck 1810 snail
Sorbeoconcha - Perissityidae	Babylonia (Peridispaccus) brugadina, Nassa (Nassa) seyhanensis, Nassa (Nassa) subventricosa, Nassa (Nassa) musiva, Euthria (Euthria) cornea, Phos (Phos) connecteus, Mitrella (Mitrella) semicandata, "Columbella (Alia) curta" = Pyrene (Alia), Anachis (Costoanachis) corrugata, Latirus (Latirus) lynchi, Latirus (Latirus) valenciennesi, "Fasciolaria (Pleuroploca) fimbriata" = Pleuroploca, Galeodes (Galeodes) cornutus, "Nassa (Hinia) incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus, "Hinia (Uzita) limata" = Nassarius (Uzita) Babylonia (Peridispaccus) brugadina true whelk Nassa (Nassa) seyhanensis true whelk Nassa (Nassa) subventricosa true whelk Nassa (Nassa) musiva true whelk Euthria (Euthria) cornea true whelk Phos (Phos) connecteus true whelk subsp. hoernesi Mitrella (Mitrella) semicandata true whelk "Columbella (Alia) curta" = Pyrene (Alia) dovesnail subsp. curta Anachis (Costoanachis) corrugata true whelk Latirus (Latirus) lynchi true whelk Latirus (Latirus) valenciennesi true whelk "Fasciolaria (Pleuroploca) fimbriata" = Pleuroploca true whelk Galeodes (Galeodes) cornutus Agassiz 1843 true whelk "Nassa (Hinia) incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus Müller 1773 true whelk "Hinia (Uzita) limata" = Nassarius (Uzita) true whelk
Sorbeoconcha - Fasciolariidae	Petaloconchus intortus, Lemintina arenaria Petaloconchus intortus Lamarck 1818 snail Lemintina arenaria snail
Caenogastropoda - Fasciolariidae	"Natica (Neverita) josephinia" = Neverita josephinia, Neverita olla, Polinices (Polinices) redemptus, Natica (Nacca) millepunctata, "Polinices (Polinices) dertomamilla" = Tectonatica dertomamilla, "Sigaretus (Sigaretus) striatus" = Sinum, Lunatia catena "Natica (Neverita) josephinia" = Neverita josephinia Risso 1826 moon snail Neverita olla De Serres 1829 moon snail Polinices (Polinices) redemptus Michelotti 1847 moon snail Natica (Nacca) millepunctata Sacco 1890 moon snail "Polinices (Polinices) dertomamilla" = Tectonatica dertomamilla Sacco 1890 moon snail "Sigaretus (Sigaretus) striatus" = Sinum moon snail Lunatia catena moon snail subsp. helicina
Lepetellida - Fissurellidae	Diodora (Lucapina) italica Diodora (Lucapina) italica Defrance 1820 snail
Trochoidea - Turbinidae	"Astraea (Bolma) meynardi" = Bolma, "Astraea (Bolma) rugosa" = Bolma rugosus "Astraea (Bolma) meynardi" = Bolma snail "Astraea (Bolma) rugosa" = Bolma rugosus Linnaeus 1767 snail
Patellogastropoda - Patellidae	Patella (Patella) ferruginea Patella (Patella) ferruginea limpet
Heterostropha - Ringiculidae	"Ringicula (Ringiculella) auriculata" = Ringicula minor "Ringicula (Ringiculella) auriculata" = Ringicula minor Grateloup 1838 snail subsp. pauluciae