Pisocrinus-Gissocrinus Assoc., SE Wisconsin, NE Illinois, and N Indiana (Silurian to of the United States)

Where: Illinois (43.0° N, 88.0° W)

• Paleocoordinates: 26.4° S, 85.2° W (Wright 2013)

• coordinate estimated from map

• basin-level geographic resolution

When: Wenlock to Wenlock (432.9 - 422.7 Ma)

• Portions of Joliet Fm., Sugar Run Fm., lower-middle Racine Fm., and Wabash Fm.

Environment/lithology: deep subtidal; dolomitic, shelly/skeletal, argillaceous wackestone and dolomitic, shelly/skeletal, argillaceous lime mudstone

• "skeletal grains non-abraded bu disarticulated; skeletal grons from <1-20% of total seidment volume...winnowed debris patches occur, but are rare and small; rare storm rup-up conglomerates; [generally] no evidence of vigorous bottom currents, and aposition well below fairweather wavebase, probably at or below normal storm wavebase, in generall quiet water settings is indicated...significant ichofauna..carbonaceous material...pyrite...The P.-G. Assoc. occupies a quiet water, intermound position within the Racine and Wabash Formations, indicating a depth below BA 3 mounds; a BA 4 psotion is preferred. The abundance of clorindids (Antichynchonella) and Dicoelosia plus some Skenidioides further suggests that the assoc. may range into BA 5."
• "occurs in skeletal-moldic dolomudstones to dolowackestones, slightly argillaceous to argillaceous"

Collection methods: I have included taxa from table 45.45 as well as others mentioned in text.

Primary reference: T. J. Frest, C. E. Brett, and B. J. Witzke. 1999. Caradocian-Gedinnian echinoderm associations of Central and Eastern North America. Paleocommunities--a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian 638-783 [M. Foote/K. Koverman/P. Wagner]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 26816: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 04.11.2002

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Scolecodonta indet.
Pterobranchia
 Graptoloidea - Monograptidae
Monograptidae indet.
Monograptidae indet. Lapworth 1873 graptolite
 Dendroidea -
Dendroidea indet.
Dendroidea indet. Nicholson 1872 graptolite
Stylophora
 Mitrata -
? Mitrata indet.
? Mitrata indet. Jaekel 1918
"A possible mitrate was briefly seen (Witzke) in a private collection from the type locality."
Blastoidea
  -
Blastoidea indet.
Blastoidea indet. Say 1825 blastoid
Crinoidea
  -
Crinoidea indet.
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821 Sea lily
 Sagenocrinida - Nipterocrinidae
Pycnosaccus sp.
 Sagenocrinida - Lecanocrinidae
Lecanocrinus sp., "Mysticocrinus" sp.
 Cyathocrinida - Cyathocrinitidae
Gissocrinus sp.
Gissocrinus sp. Angelin 1878 Sea lily
 Cyathocrinida - Thalamocrinidae
Thalamocrinus sp.
Thalamocrinus sp. Miller and Gurley 1895 Sea lily
 Belemnocrinoidea - Zophocrinidae
? Zophocrinus sp.
? Zophocrinus sp. Miller 1891 Sea lily
 Myelodactylida - Myelodactylidae
Myelodactylus sp.
Myelodactylus sp. Hall 1852 Sea lily
 Pisocrinida - Pisocrinidae
Parapisocrinus sp., Pisocrinus sp.
Parapisocrinus sp. Mu 1954 Sea lily
Pisocrinus sp. de Koninck 1858 Sea lily
 Diplobathrida - Lampterocrinidae
Lampterocrinus inflatus, Siphonocrinus nobilis
 Monobathrida - Hapalocrinidae
Hapalocrinidae indet.
Hapalocrinidae indet. Jaekel 1895 Sea lily
 Monobathrida - Hirneacrinidae
Hirneacrinidae indet.
Hirneacrinidae indet. Frest and Strimple 1977 Sea lily
Rhombifera
 Hemicosmitoida - Caryocrinitidae
Caryocrinites sp.
Artiopoda
 Phacopida - Calymenidae
"Sthenarocalymene celebra" = Calymene celebra
"Sthenarocalymene celebra" = Calymene celebra Raymond 1916 trilobite
 Phacopida - Encrinuridae
Encrinuridae indet.
Encrinuridae indet. Angelin 1854 trilobite
 Phacopida - Cheiruridae
Cheiruridae indet., Sphaerexochus roemingeri
Cheiruridae indet. Hawle and Corda 1847 trilobite
 Phacopida - Dalmanitidae
Dalmanites sp.
Dalmanites sp. Barrande 1852 trilobite
Lecathylus
  -
Lecathylus sp.
Lecathylus sp. Weller 1925
The genus is variably spelled "Lecthyalus" and "Lecthaylus" in this reference, but the correct form is "Lecathylus" according to Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, volume W.
Bryozoa
  -
Bryozoa indet.
Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831
branching and crustose forms
Stenolaemata
 Cryptostomata - Fenestellidae
Fenestellidae indet.
Chileata
 Dictyonellida - Eichwaldiidae
"Dictyonella sp." = Eodictyonella
"Dictyonella sp." = Eodictyonella Wright 1994
Rhynchonellata
 Spiriferida - Cyrtiidae
Eospirifer sp., Striispirifer sp., Hedeina sp., Cyrtia sp.
Eospirifer sp. Schuchert 1913
Striispirifer sp. Cooper and Muir-Wood 1951
Hedeina sp. Boucot 1957
Cyrtia sp. Dalman 1828
 Atrypida - Atrypidae
Atrypa "reticularis", Plectatrypa sp.
Atrypa "reticularis" Linnaeus 1758
Plectatrypa sp. Schuchert and Cooper 1930
 Pentamerida - Clorindidae
Antirhynchonella cf. ventricosa
 Pentamerida - Gypidulidae
Gypidulidae "indet. A", Gypidulidae "indet. B"
Gypidulidae "indet. A" Schuchert and Le Vene 1929
gypidulid A
Gypidulidae "indet. B" Schuchert and Le Vene 1929
gypidulid B
 Pentamerida - Camerellidae
Camerella sp.
Camerella sp. Billings 1859
 Pentamerida - Parastrophinidae
Anastrophia sp.
Anastrophia sp. Hall 1867
 Protorthida - Skenidiidae
Skenidioides sp.
Skenidioides sp. Schuchert and Cooper 1931
 Rhynchonellida - Trigonirhynchiidae
Rhynchotreta sp.
Rhynchotreta sp. Hall 1879
 Orthida - Rhipidomellidae
Dalejina sp.
Dalejina sp. Havlicek 1953
 Orthida - Dalmanellidae
Isorthis sp., Resserella sp.
Isorthis sp. Kozlowski 1929
Resserella sp. Bancroft 1928
 Orthida - Dicoelosiidae
Dicoelosia sp.
Dicoelosia sp. King 1850
 Orthida - Platystrophiidae
"Platystrophia biforata" = Platystrophia biforatus
"Platystrophia biforata" = Platystrophia biforatus Schlotheim 1820
 Athyridida - Meristellidae
Meristina sp.
Meristina sp. Hall 1867
Strophomenata
 Strophomenida - Sowerbyellidae
Eoplectodonta sp.
Eoplectodonta sp. Kozlowski 1929
 Strophomenida - Leptestiidae
Leangella sp.
Leangella sp. Opik 1933
 Strophomenida - Strophodontidae
"Protomegastrophia profunda" = Brachyprion (Protomegastrophia) profunda
"Protomegastrophia profunda" = Brachyprion (Protomegastrophia) profunda Hall 1852
 Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae
Leptaena sp.
Leptaena sp. Dalman 1828
Cephalopoda
 Nautiloidea -
Nautiloidea indet.
Nautiloidea indet. Agassiz 1847 nautiloid
Rostroconchia
 Conocardiida - Conocardiidae
Conocardiidae indet.
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda indet.
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail
Heteractinida
 Octactinellida - Astraeospongiidae
Astraeospongium sp.
Astraeospongium sp. Roemer 1860
Anthozoa
 Tabulata -
Tabulata indet.
Tabulata indet. tabulate coral
 Auloporida - Auloporidae
Auloporidae indet.
Auloporidae indet. Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850 tabulate coral
 Rugosa -
Rugosa indet.
Rugosa indet. horn coral
 Stauriida - Zaphrentidae
Zaphrentidae indet.
Zaphrentidae indet. Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850 horn coral