Sanhe Cave (Pleistocene of China)

Also known as Chongzuo, ZAR

Where: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (22.3° N, 107.5° E: paleocoordinates 22.2° N, 107.3° E)

When: Early/Lower Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.8 Ma)

• 4th layer

•Based on the faunal and paleomagnetic correlation, the geological age of Sanhe Cave is estimated to be middle Early Pleistocene, corresponding to approximately 1.2e1.6 Ma (Jin et al., 2008a, 2009a).

Environment/lithology: cave; sandstone

• brown-yellow sand with tiny calcareous breccia

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: Y. Wang, C. Jin, and J.I. Mead. 2014. New remains of Sinomastodon yangziensis (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae) from Sanhe karst Cave, with discussion on the evolution of Pleistocene Sinomastodon in South China. Quaternary International 339-340:90-96 [M. Uhen/A. Glass/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 214689: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Abigail Glass on 12.10.2020, edited by Mark Uhen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Pongo sp., Erictis sp., Parapanulus sp., Kerivoula hardwickei
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Stegodon preorientalias
 Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Sinomastodon yangziensis
Sinomastodon yangziensis Wang et al. 2014 gomphothere
 Insectivora - Tupaiidae
Tupaia belangeri
Tupaia belangeri Wagner 1841 tree shrew
 Chiroptera - Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus pani n. sp., Rhinolophus cf. affinis, Rhinolophus cf. rouxi, Rhinolophus cf. pearsoni, Rhinolophus macrotis, Rhinolophus sp.
Rhinolophus pani n. sp. horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus cf. rouxi horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus macrotis horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus sp. Lacépède 1799 horseshoe bat
 Chiroptera - Hipposideridae
Hipposideros amiger, Hipposideros pratti, Hipposideros larvatus, Hipposideros bicolor, Aselliscus wheeleri
Hipposideros amiger roundleaf bat
Hipposideros pratti roundleaf bat
Hipposideros larvatus roundleaf bat
Hipposideros bicolor roundleaf bat
Aselliscus wheeleri leaf-nosed bat
 Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae
Ia sp., Myotis longipes, Miniopterus schreibersi, Tylonycteris fulvidus
Ia sp. Thomas 1902 vesper bat
Myotis longipes vesper bat
Miniopterus schreibersi Natterer 1819 bend-winged bat
 Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Tapirus sinensis
Tapirus sinensis Owen 1870 tapir
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Rhinoceros sinensis
Rhinoceros sinensis Owen 1870 one-horned rhinoceros
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Muntiacus lacustris, "Cervus (Rusa) yunnanensis" = Rusa, Cervavitus fenqii
Muntiacus lacustris Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937 muntjak
"Cervus (Rusa) yunnanensis" = Rusa deer
Cervavitus fenqii Han 1987 deer
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Caprinae indet., Bibos sp., Megalovis guangxiensis
Caprinae indet. Gray 1821 antelope
Bibos sp. Hodgson 1837 antelope
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
"Dicoryphochoerus ultimus" = Hippopotamodon, Sus xiaozhu, Sus peii
"Dicoryphochoerus ultimus" = Hippopotamodon pig
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Ursus cf. thibetamus, Ailuropoda wulingshanensis
Ailuropoda wulingshanensis Wang et al. 1982 giant panda
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Arctonyx collaris, Martes sp., Melogale sp.
Arctonyx collaris Cuvier 1825 hog badger
Martes sp. Frisch 1775 marten
Melogale sp. Geoffroy 1831 ferret badgers
 Carnivora - Viverridae
Viverra zibetha
Viverra zibetha Linnaeus 1758 large Indian civet
 Carnivora - Felidae
Felis teilhardi, Felis sp., Panthera pardus
Felis sp. Linnaeus 1758 cat
Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758 leopard
 Carnivora - Canidae
Cuon antiquus
 Theriamorpha - Talpidae
Uropsilus sp., Mogera cf. insularis
Uropsilus sp. Milne-Edwards 1871 shrew mole
Mogera cf. insularis Swinhoe 1863 insular mole
 Theriamorpha - Soricidae
Crocidura cf. hosfildi, Suncus sp., Soriculus sp., Anourosorex quadratidens, Blarinella sp.
Crocidura cf. hosfildi white-toothed shrew
Suncus sp. Ehrenberg 1832 white-toothed shrew
Soriculus sp. Blyth 1845 red-toothed shrew
Blarinella sp. Thomas 1911 Asiatic short-tailed shrew
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Nesolagus sp.
Nesolagus sp. Forsyth Major 1899 striped rabbit
 Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix subcristata, Hystrix magna, Atherurus sp.
Hystrix magna porcupine
Atherurus sp. Cuvier 1829 brush-tailed porcupine
 Rodentia -
Typhlomys intermedius, Typhlomys cinereus
Typhlomys intermedius Chinese pygmy dormouse
Typhlomys cinereus Milne-Edwards 1877 Chinese pygmy dormouse
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Eothenomys sp.
Eothenomys sp. Miller 1896 vole
 Rodentia - Muridae
Chiropodomys cf. gliorides, Apodemus draco, Apodemus cf. peninsulae, Leopoldamys edwardsioides, Mus cf. pahari, Rattus sp., Rattus norvegicus, Niviventer preconfucianus, Niviventer fulvescens, Hapalomys gracilis, Hapalomys cf. delacouri
Chiropodomys cf. gliorides pencil-tailed tree mouse
Apodemus draco Eurasian field mouse
Apodemus cf. peninsulae Eurasian field mouse
Mus cf. pahari house mouse
Rattus sp. Fischer 1803 rat
Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout 1769 brown rat
Hapalomys gracilis marmoset rat
 Rodentia - Spalacidae
Rhizomys brachyrhizomyoides
Rhizomys brachyrhizomyoides greater bamboo rat
 Rodentia - Sciuridae
Sciurotamias davidianus, Belomys parapearsoni, Pteromys sp., Petaurista brachyodus, Petaurista sp., Dremomys sp.
Sciurotamias davidianus Chinese rock squirrel
Pteromys sp. Cuvier 1800 Eurasian flying squirrel
Petaurista brachyodus Giant flying squirrel
Petaurista sp. Link 1795 Giant flying squirrel
Dremomys sp. Heude 1898 red-cheeked squirrel
 Primates - Hominidae
cf. Hominidae indet., cf. Ponginae indet., Gigantopithecus blacki
cf. Hominidae indet. Gray 1825 ape
cf. Ponginae indet. Elliot 1913 ape
Gigantopithecus blacki von Koenigswald 1935 ape
 Primates - Hylobatidae
Hylobates sp.
Hylobates sp. Illiger 1811 gibbon
 Primates - Cercopithecidae
Presbytis sp., Rhinopithecus sp., Procynocephalus sp., Macaca sp.
Presbytis sp. Eschscholtz 1821 monkey
Rhinopithecus sp. Milne-Edwards 1872 snub-nosed monkey
Procynocephalus sp. Schlosser 1924 monkey
Macaca sp. Lacépède 1799 macaque