Karikal (Pliocene of India)

Also known as 58 N/13, A.1-2, B.1-2

Where: India (10.9° N, 79.8° E: paleocoordinates 9.3° N, 79.4° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Pliocene (5.3 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From unknown lithostratigraphic unit (not stated in text) and hence lithostratigraphic relationships are unknown. AGE: Pliocene, based on faunal correlations with other assemblages of the Middle East, Pakistan, India and Indonesia.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Siliciclastic facies. No other environmenta data reported in text.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, assumed given apparent excellent preservation of specimens, and large collection.

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTOR: Unknown. REPOSITORY: Presumably BMNH.

Primary reference: F. E. Eames. 1950. On the ages of certain Upper Tertiary beds of Peninsula India and Ceylon. Geological Magazine 87:233-252 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77658: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 16.01.2008

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Limited to representative forms of gastropoda and bivalvia. NOMENCLATURE: Not an authoritative publication and somewhat antiquated, though nevertheless, consistent use of subgenera and species-resolution assignments permit nomenclatural vetting.
unclassified
  -
Gastropoda
 Trochoidea - Solariellidae
"Solariella" pachyzodes snail
INCLUDES: "Solariella" pachyzodes bonneti
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
 Ptenoglossa - Vasidae
"Tudicula spirilla" = Tudicla
"Tudicula spirilla" = Tudicla snail
 Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae
 Vanikoroidea - Vanikoridae
 Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Sigapatella subcentralis, "Crucibulum (Bicatillus) conulatum" = Calyptraea (Bicatillus)
"Crucibulum (Bicatillus) conulatum" = Calyptraea (Bicatillus) slipper shell
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
"Clava bonneti" = Rhinoclavis cerith snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
"Turritella (Zaria) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti, Protoma eudeli, "Turritella (Haustator) eucosmeta" = Haustator, "Turritella (Haustator) trifunis" = Haustator
"Turritella (Zaria) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti Vredenburg 1928 turret shell
Protoma eudeli turret shell
"Turritella (Haustator) eucosmeta" = Haustator turret shell
"Turritella (Haustator) trifunis" = Haustator turret shell
 Cerithioidea - Potamididae
 Cerithioidea - Thiaridae
"Plotia balteata" = Thiara (Plotia)
"Plotia balteata" = Thiara (Plotia) snail
 Pseudomelanoidea - Pseudomelaniidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
Tibia fusus true conch
"Strombus karikalensis" = Strombus (Laevistrombus) karikalensis Cossmann 1903 conch
 Sorbeoconcha - Rostellariidae
"Dientomochilus cancellatus" = Varicospira cancellata, Dientomochilus margaritae
"Dientomochilus cancellatus" = Varicospira cancellata Lamarck 1816 snail
 Neogastropoda - Mitridae
 Neogastropoda - Olividae
Olivancillaria gibbosa, Oliva (Neocyclindrus) irisans, "Olivancillaria (Anazola) acuminata" = Anazola, "Ancilla (Sparellina) candida" = Ancilla ampla, Ancilla (Alocospira) tornata
"Olivancillaria (Anazola) acuminata" = Anazola olive snail
"Ancilla (Sparellina) candida" = Ancilla ampla Gmelin 1791 olive snail
 Neogastropoda -
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Cantharus tranquebaricus Gmelin 1791 true whelk
Nassarius (Hebra) bonneti Cossmann 1901 true whelk
""Austrosipho" heptozodes" = Penion true whelk
Babylonia spirata Linnaeus 1758 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
"Cyllene varians" = Cyllene fuscata, Nassarius francoindicus, "Nassarius (Amyclina) dimorphus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis) olivaceus, "Nassarius (Niotha) gemmulatus" = Nassarius (Niotha) variegatus, "Nassarius (Hinia) colpophorus" = Nassarius (Hinia), ""Hinia" karikalensis" = Nassarius (Hinia), Nassarius (Telasco) verbeeki, Nassaria mekranica
"Cyllene varians" = Cyllene fuscata Adams 1851 snail
"Nassarius (Amyclina) dimorphus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis) olivaceus BruguiƩre 1789 snail
"Nassarius (Niotha) gemmulatus" = Nassarius (Niotha) variegatus Adams 1851 snail
"Nassarius (Hinia) colpophorus" = Nassarius (Hinia) snail
""Hinia" karikalensis" = Nassarius (Hinia) snail
Nassarius (Telasco) verbeeki Martin 1895 snail
 Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
Fusinus perplexus, ""Clavilithes" verbeeki" = Mancorus verbeeki
""Clavilithes" verbeeki" = Mancorus verbeeki Martin 1895 snail
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
"Atilia crassicostata" = Mitrella (Atilia)
"Atilia crassicostata" = Mitrella (Atilia) snail
 Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae
"Turricula javana" = Turricula, "Turricula nellii" = Turricula, ""Surcula" streptopleura" = Turricula
"Turricula javana" = Turricula snail
"Turricula nellii" = Turricula snail
""Surcula" streptopleura" = Turricula snail
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
"Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus" = Conasprella (Fusiconus) vimineus Reeve 1849 cone shell
SUBSPECIES: Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus subvimineus
Conus (Leptoconus) bonneti Cossmann 1900 cone shell
Conus (Lithoconus) litteratus Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
Conus (Dendroconus) figulinus Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
Conus (Dendroconus) quercinus Solander 1786 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Borsoniidae
 Neogastropoda - Clathurellidae
 Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
""Mangelia" quadricarinata" = Cythara (Mangelia), ""Mangilia" houdasi" = Cythara (Mangelia)
""Mangelia" quadricarinata" = Cythara (Mangelia) snail
""Mangilia" houdasi" = Cythara (Mangelia) snail
 Neogastropoda - Raphitomidae
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Duplicaria mariesi, Terebra (Myruella) cingulifera, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) continuicosta" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) karikalensis" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) vredenburgi" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) intermedia" = Strioterebrum intermedia
Duplicaria mariesi auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) continuicosta" = Strioterebrum auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) karikalensis" = Strioterebrum auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) vredenburgi" = Strioterebrum auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) intermedia" = Strioterebrum intermedia Vredenburg 1921 auger snail
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
"Brachytoma sacra" = Tylotiella sacra Reeve 1845 turrid
Perrona unisulcata Cossmann 1900 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Turbinellidae
""Afer" couderti" = Tudivasum (Afer), "Afer macrospira" = Tudivasum (Afer), "Xancus pirum" = Turbinella
""Afer" couderti" = Tudivasum (Afer) snail
"Afer macrospira" = Tudivasum (Afer) snail
"Xancus pirum" = Turbinella snail
 Neogastropoda - Costellariidae
 Neogastropoda - Marginellidae
"Marginella (Prunum) oligoptycha" = Prunum, "Marginella (Eratoidea) bonneti" = Eratoidea, "Marginella (Eratoidea) karikalensis" = Eratoidea
"Marginella (Prunum) oligoptycha" = Prunum margin shell
"Marginella (Eratoidea) bonneti" = Eratoidea margin shell
"Marginella (Eratoidea) karikalensis" = Eratoidea margin shell
 Neogastropoda - Cystiscidae
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Cymia sacellum, Muricopsis diarti, ""Xymenella" infratabulata" = Xymene, "Typhis (Laevityphis) tetragoniatus" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis), Murex (Tubicauda) bonneti
Cymia sacellum Chemntiz 1788 murex snail
Muricopsis diarti murex snail
""Xymenella" infratabulata" = Xymene murex snail
"Typhis (Laevityphis) tetragoniatus" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) murex snail
Murex (Tubicauda) bonneti Cossman 1903 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
"Merica asperella" = Cancellaria (Merica) snail
"Merica verbeeki" = Cancellaria (Merica) snail
Trigonostoma crispatum Sowerby 1855 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Personidae
"Distorsio reticulatum" = Distorsio reticularis
"Distorsio reticulatum" = Distorsio reticularis Linnaeus 1767 snail
SUBSPECIES: Distorsio reticulatum cancellinum
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Phalium (Semicassis) bonneti" = Semicassis, "Phalium (Semicassis) sculptum" = Semicassis
"Phalium (Semicassis) bonneti" = Semicassis snail
"Phalium (Semicassis) sculptum" = Semicassis snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae
"Argobuccinum (Ranella) bitubercularis" = Gyrineum bituberculare
"Argobuccinum (Ranella) bitubercularis" = Gyrineum bituberculare Lamarck 1816 triton shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Xenophoridae
"Tugurium calculiferum" = Onustus
"Tugurium calculiferum" = Onustus carrier shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Capulidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
Polinices martini, Polinices melanostomus, "Polinices (Euspira) globosus" = Euspira, Sinum (Sigaretotrema) aratulum, "Natica (Naticarius) prosthenoglossa" = Naticarius, Natica forskali, Natica sp., Natica rostalina
Polinices melanostomus Gmelin 1791 moon snail
"Polinices (Euspira) globosus" = Euspira moon snail
"Natica (Naticarius) prosthenoglossa" = Naticarius moon snail
Natica forskali moon snail
Natica sp. Scopoli 1777 moon snail
Natica rostalina Jenkins 1864 moon snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Rissoidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
Lemintina javana worm shell
 Heterostropha - Acteonidae
Pupa solidula Linnaeus 1758 snail
 Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
 Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
 Heterostropha - Architectonicidae
"Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis Sowerby 1840 sundial
[entered as Architectonica affinis]
 Heterostropha - Mathildidae
 Opisthobranchia - Cylichnidae
Bivalvia
 Arcida - Noetiidae
"Arcopsis bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana
"Arcopsis bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana Martin 1883 clam
 Arcida - Arcidae
"Anadara (Scapharca) bonneti" = Scapharca, "Anadara ferruginea" = Anadara (Cunearca) ferruginea, Anadara craticulata, Anadara tambacana
"Anadara (Scapharca) bonneti" = Scapharca clam
"Anadara ferruginea" = Anadara (Cunearca) ferruginea Reeve 1844 rusty ark
Anadara craticulata Nyst 1848 ark
Anadara tambacana Martin 1883 ark
 Arcida - Cucullaeidae
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis, "Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria, Pecten vexilloides, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) martini" = Aequipecten
Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis Martin 1909 scallop
INCLUDES: Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis karikalensis
"Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria Gmelin 1791 scallop
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) martini" = Aequipecten scallop
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Ostrea (Lopha) hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis
"Ostrea (Lopha) hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis Linnaeus 1758 Honeycomb Oyster
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
"Ostrea (Cubitostrea) karikalensis" = Cubitostrea
"Ostrea (Cubitostrea) karikalensis" = Cubitostrea oyster
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
 Cardiida - Glossidae
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Circe (Circenita) tivelinoides" = Gouldia (Circenita), "Macrocallista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina, "Clementia papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea, "Cyprimeria" nepotina, Sunetta dautzenbergi, Timoclea semiradiata, Timoclea "sp. A", Clausinella karikalensis
"Circe (Circenita) tivelinoides" = Gouldia (Circenita) venus clam
"Macrocallista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina Linnaeaus 1758 venus clam
"Clementia papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea Gray 1825 venus clam
Timoclea "sp. A" Brown 1827 venus clam
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
 Cardiida - Solecurtidae
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
 Cardiida - Psammobiidae
 Carditida - Carditidae
 Carditida - Crassatellidae
"Crassatina" bonneti clam
INCLUDES: "Crassatina" bonneti marwicki
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
 Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
"Nuculana (Saccella) inaequirugata" = Saccella
"Nuculana (Saccella) inaequirugata" = Saccella pointed nut clam
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
"Dentalium (Tesseracme) proteiforme" = Tesseracme
"Dentalium (Tesseracme) proteiforme" = Tesseracme tusk shell