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Paraceratherium
Taxonomy
Paraceratherium was named by Forster Cooper (1911). It is not extant. Its type is Paraceratherium bugtiense.
It was assigned to Hyracodontidae by Radinsky (1966), Carroll (1988) and Ye et al. (2003); to Indricotheriidae by Holbrook (1999) and Qiu et al. (2004); to Indricotheriinae by Prothero and Schoch (1989) and Sen et al. (2011); and to Paraceratheriinae by Qiu and Wang (2007) and Wang et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Hyracodontidae by Radinsky (1966), Carroll (1988) and Ye et al. (2003); to Indricotheriidae by Holbrook (1999) and Qiu et al. (2004); to Indricotheriinae by Prothero and Schoch (1989) and Sen et al. (2011); and to Paraceratheriinae by Qiu and Wang (2007) and Wang et al. (2016).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1911 | Paraceratherium Forster Cooper p. 711 |
1913 | Baluchitherium Forster Cooper |
1913 | Thaumastotherium Forster-Cooper p. 377 |
1916 | Indricotherium Borissiak p. 131 |
1923 | Baluchitherium Osborn |
1966 | Indricotherium Radinsky p. 635 |
1966 | Paraceratherium Radinsky p. 635 |
1988 | Baluchitherium Carroll |
1988 | Indricotherium Carroll |
1988 | Paraceratherium Carroll |
1989 | Indricotherium Prothero and Schoch p. 534 |
1989 | Paraceratherium Prothero and Schoch p. 534 |
1996 | Indricotherium Dashzeveg p. 9 |
1999 | Paraceratherium Holbrook p. 346 |
2003 | Paraceratherium Ye et al. p. 223 |
2003 | Indricotherium Ye et al. p. 228 |
2004 | Indricotherium Qiu et al. p. 191 |
2004 | Paraceratherium Qiu et al. p. 191 |
2007 | Paraceratherium Qiu and Wang |
2011 | Paraceratherium Sen et al. p. 414 |
2016 | Paraceratherium Wang et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Paraceratherium Forster Cooper 1911
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†Paraceratherium asiaticum Borissiak 1923
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Invalid names: Indricotherium transouralicum Pavlova 1922 [synonym]
†Paraceratherium bugtiense Forster Cooper 1911
†Paraceratherium grangeri Osborn 1923
†Paraceratherium huangheense Li et al. 2017
†Paraceratherium lepidum Xu and Wang 1978
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Invalid names: Paraceratherium zhajremensis Bayshashov 1988 [synonym]
†Paraceratherium linxiaense Deng et al. 2021
Invalid names: Baluchitherium Forster Cooper 1913 [synonym], Indricotherium Borissiak 1916 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subo = suborder, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Colbert and Schoch 1998, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Eocene to the top of the Rupelian or 37.20000 to 28.10000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Collections (33 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Houldjinian | China (Nei Mongol) | Baluchitherium sp. (72147) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | China (Yunnan) | Indricotherium sp. (182580) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | China (Nei Mongol) | P. grangeri (180942) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | Mongolia | Baluchitherium grangeri (53979) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | China (Gansu) | P. sp. (182883 182884 182899) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | Pakistan | Baluchitherium bugtiense, Baluchitherium osborni (77785) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | China (Nei Mongol) | P. lepidum (175255) P. sp. (175386) P. transouralicum, P. grangeri (176066) | |
Rupelian | Kazakhstan | P. sp. (64415) | |
MP 25 | Spain (Cuenca) | P. albigense (184097) | |
Oligocene | Bulgaria | Indricotherium transouralicum (193755) | |
Oligocene | Pakistan | Thaumastotherium osborni, P. bugtiense (128387) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Kazakhstan | Indricotherium sp. (74003 74899) P. sp. (182747) P. sp., P. prohorovi (64413) P. zhajremensis (182628) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Turkey (Anatolia) | P. sp. (182500 183978) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Kazakhstan (Aktyubinskaya) | Indricotherium sp. (74001) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Kazakhstan (Kustanay) | Indricotherium transouralicum, Indricotherium asiaticum (73999) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Pakistan (Baluchistan) | P. bugtiense (78362) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Mongolia | P. sp. 1 (181061) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | China (Xinjiang) | P. lepidum (182889 182890) P. lipidus (182888) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Baluchitherium sp. (73807) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | China (Gansu) | Indricotherium sp. (175388) P. linxiaense (227298) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene | Pakistan (Balochistan) | P. bugtiense (227410) |