Also known as Brisighella
Where: Ravenna, Italy (44.2° N, 11.8° E: paleocoordinates 44.0° N, 11.6° E)
• coordinate based on nearby landmark
• small collection-level geographic resolution
When: Colombacci Formation, Messinian (7.2 - 5.3 Ma)
• Also mentioned as Turolian in an earlier paper. "The fossil remains are preserved within the sediments of the Colombacci Formation, filling paleokarst features affecting the underlying Gessoso-solfifera Formation, and sealed by marine clays of Pliocene Argille Azzurre Formation. Such a geological framework allowed quite a firm chronological attribution for the paleofauna, referred to the latest Messinian, about 5.4 million years ago." - Rook et al (2015)
• bed-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: fissure fill; lithology not reported
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils
Primary reference: T. Kotsakis, M. Delfino, and P. Piras. 2004. Italian Cenozoic crocodilians: taxa, timing and palaeobiogeographic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 210:67-87 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 144566: authorized by Philip Mannion, entered by Philip Mannion on 10.05.2013, edited by Terri Cleary, Jonathan Marcot and Evangelos Vlachos
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Eremiadini indet.2 eight pairs of fused frontals (BRS4/H/23; BRS5bis/H/11; BRS5tg2/H/2; BRS6/H/3; BRS24/H/22; BR2S5/H/87; BRNSoNumber/H/14; BR?S/H/14).
| |
Reptilia | |
| |
| |
Aves | |
Accipitridae indet.2 Viellot 1816 hawk One complete ungueal phalanx (BRS5/ Av/1); two ungueal phalanges with broken tip (BRS25/Av/1; BRS85/Av/1).
| |
Passeriformes indet.2 Linnaeus 1758 perching bird One distal left humerus (BRS85/Av/2); two proximal left ulnae (BRS25/Av/3; BRS25/Av/4); one proximal right carpometacarpus (BRS25/Av/5); one distal right tarsometatarsus (BRS9/Av/1).
| |
| |
| |
Reptilia | |
Phasianidae indet.2 Horsfield 1821 pheasant One proximal fragment of left scapula (BRS24/Av/3); one proximal left coracoid (BRS24/Av/1); one shaft of right coracoid (BRS25/Av/6); one distal right humerus (BRS19/ Av/2); one distal left ulna (BRS86/Av/1); one proximal right ulna (BRS24/Av/2); one fragment of proximal left carpometacarpus (BRS4/Av/1); one proximal right carpometacarpus (BRS15/Av/1); two complete left wing phalanges (BRS4/Av/2; BRS5b/Av/2).
| |
| |
Testudo sp.1 Linnaeus 1758 turtle Two nuchals (MFS.551; BRS25/H/254); two neurals (BRS25/H/255); two undetermined peripherals (MFS.550,2; MFS.550,3); one left peripheral 7 sutured to the peripheral 8 (MFS.550,4); two bridge peripherals 3 or 7 (MFS.537; BRS?/H/26); one suprapygal (BRS?/H/25); two pygals (MFS.549; BRS?/H/27); one entoplastron (BRS?/H/24); one left hyoplastron (MSF.553,2); one right hypoplastron (MSF.553,1); one tibia (BRS25/H/274); 29 limb osteoderms (BRS25/H/3,13, 64, 98, 225, 256, 265, 272, 273; BRS28/H/5).
| |
Mauremys sp.2 Gray 1870 pond turtle One neural (BRS25/H/258); one costal 6 (MSF.70); one entoplastron (BRS25/H/257).
| |
| |
| |
Varanus sp.1 Merrem 1820 monitor lizard Two teeth (BRS5bis/H/13; BRS6/H/7); two trunk vertebrae (BRS6/H/4; BRS25/H/138); two fragments of trunk vertebrae (BRS25/H/85, 129); two caudal vertebrae (BRS25/H/130; BRS27/H/4); four fragments of vertebrae (BRS6/H/5; BRSNoNumber/H/1-2); one humerus (BRS25/H/128).
| |
Anguinae indet.2 Gray 1825 squamates Two fragmentary maxillae (BRS5tg2/H/8; BRS24/H/13); two pterygoids (BRS5tg2/H/3, 22); one ectopterygoid (BRS5tg2/H/23); six fragments of tooth-bearing bones (BRS5tg2/H/5; BRS6/H/2; BRS25/H/140); 65 fragments of trunk vertebrae (BRS4/H/5; BRS5bis/H/2; BRS5tg2/H/20; BRS9/H/2; BRS15/H/5; BRS16/H/2; BRS19/H/7; BRS24/H/11; BRS25/H/1, 45, 111, 170-171; BRSNoNumber/H/16); 58 caudal vertebrae (BRS4/H/6; BRS5bis/H/3; BRS5tg2/H/21; BRS16/H/3; BRS19/H/8; BRS24/H/12, 37; BRS25/H/46, 112- 114, 127, 139, 168, 172, 270, 285; BRSNoNumber/H/15); 2737 osteoderms (BRS1bis/H/1; BRS3/H/1; BRS4/H/1-4; BRS5bis/H/1; BRS5tg2/H/27; BRS6/H/1; BRS8/H/5; BRS9/H/1; BRS15/H/4; BRS16/H/1; BRS18/H/1; BRS19/H/6, 9; BRS24/H/8, 23-24; BRS25/H/2, 19, 110, 120, 123-126, 167, 185-186, 233, 237, 246, 275, 293; BRS27/H/1-3; BRS28/H/1-2, 16; BRSNoNumber/H/17; BRS?/H/8-12).
Ophisaurus sp.1 Daudin 1803 glass lizard One frontal (BRS25/H/160); one parietal (BRS25/H/119); one fragmentary parietal (BRS25/H/121); one fragmentary maxilla (BRS5tg2/H/7); two dentaries (BRS25/H/7, 135); seven fragments of tooth-bearing bone (BRS4/H/22; BRS4?/H/4; BRS5tg2/H/6; BRS25/H/6, 137; BRS27/H/14); 12 teeth (BRS5tg2/H/4; BRS24/H/10; BRS25/H/136, 271); two trunk vertebrae (BRS5bis/H/35; BRS28/H/15).
Pseudopus sp.2 Merrem 1820 legless lizard Two frontals (BRS25/H/117-118); one fragmentary maxilla (BRS25/H/182); one fragment of toothbearing bone (BRS25/H/122); three trunk vertebrae (BRS24/H/9; BRS25/H/166; BRS28/H/4).
| |
| |
Eryx cf. jaculus1 true sand boa One cervical vertebra (BRS25/H/153); 35 trunk vertebrae (BRS2/H/4; BRS4/H/33; BRS5bis/H/15; BRS5tg2/H/26; BRS6/H/9; BRS9/H/10; BRS15/H/3; BRS19/H/4; BRS25/H/151, 156, 198; BRS27/H/17); two articulated trunk vertebrae (BRS25/H/252); 40 caudal vertebrae (BRS4/H/34; BRS4?/H/2; BRS5bis/H/16; BRS5tg2/H/24; BRS6/H/8, 10-11; BRS9/H/8-9; BRS24/H/1; BRS25/H/131, 143, 155, 157-159; BRS28/H/3); two articulated caudal vertebrae (BRS5tg2/H/25); one fragment of vertebra (BRS25/H/152).
| |
Vipera sp.2 Laurenti 1768 pit viper Thirty-nine trunk vertebrae (BRS5bis/H/14; BRS6/H/19; BRS9/H/16; BRS15/H/2; BRS18/H/10; BRS19/H/3, 22; BRS25/H/220-221, 228, 249); eight fragments ofuntrk ervtebra (B2R5S/H/50, 6, 7 7, 9 842).
| |
| |
Malpolon sp.2 Fitzinger 1826 colubrid snake one hundred forty anterior trunk vertebrae (BRS1bis/H/8; BRS3/H/10; BRS4/H/32; BRS5bis/H/17, 31; BRS5tg2/H/28, 35; BRS6/H/12-13, 17; BRS9/H/11, 15; BRS15/H/14; BRS16/H/8; BRS18/H/13; BRS19/H/17-18, 21; BRS25/H/52, 88, 144, 150, 188, 192-194, 196, 222, 229, 231, 288; BRS28/H/6; BRS28?/H/6; BRSNoNumber/H/6, 20); nine posterior trunk vertebrae (BRS4/H/35; BRS6/H/18; BRS25/H/29, 189, 195, 197; BRS28/H/19); five fragments of indeterminate trunk vertebra (BRS5bis/H/18-21; BRS25/H/291).
cf. Paleoheterodon arcuatus2 Rage and Holman 1984 colubrid snake One trunk vertebra (BRS25/H/9); one fragment of trunk vertebra (BRS25/H/191).
| |
Amphisbaenia indet.2 Gray 1844 worm lizard Four trunk vertebrae (BR19/H/1, 2; BRS25/H/17, 86); one fragment of trunk vertebra (BRS25/H/18).
| |
Lacertidae indet.2 Bonaparte 1831 squamates Four fragmentary maxillae (BRS4?/H/5; BrS24/H/17; BRS28/H/17); one jugal (BRS25/H/187); two dentaries (BRS4/H/21; BRS?/H/13); 22 fragmentary dentaries (BRS4/H/20; BRS5tg2/H/16; BRS8/H/1; BRS18/H/6; BRS19/H/11; BRS24/H/18, 21, 35; BRS25/H/184; BRS27/H/12; BRS28/H/18); four fragmentary dentaries articulated with the splenial (BRS5tg2/H/18; BRS25/H/11, 12, 148); 71 fragments of tooth-bearing bones (BRS4/H/19; BRS4?/H/6; BRS5bis/H/10; BRS5tg2/H/17; BRS8/H/2; BRS15/H/6; BRS16/H/4; BRS18/H/5; BRS19/H/10, 12; BRS24/H/19; BRS25/H/10, 47, 84, 147, 183; BRS27/H/13); two teeth (BRS5tg2/H/1; BRS25/H/48); one fragmentary lower jaw (BRS25/H/251).
| |
Mammalia | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Centralomys benericetti n. sp.1, Paraethomys anomalus1, Apodemus cf. gudrunae1, Stephanomys debruijni n. sp.1
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Eucyon monticinensis n. sp.1
| |
| |
Plioviverrops faventinus n. sp.1
| |
| |
"Squamata indet." = Pholidota2
| |
| |
| |
Amphibia | |
"Platyceps planicarinatus" = Platycepsion2
| |
| |
| |
Bufonidae indet.2 Gray 1825 toad Two trunk vertebrae (BRS5bis/H/27; BRS25/H/27); one sacral vertebra (BRS25/H/92); two urostyles (BRS18/H/9; BRS?/H/20); seven humeri (BRS4/H/28; BRS9/H/20; BRS25/H/179; BRS?/H/19).
| |
| |
| |
Pelobates sp.2 Wagler 1830 spadefoot toad Six maxillae (BRS5tg2/H/44; BRS25/H/8, 6,1 411, 132; BR?/SH/7).
| |
? Discoglossoidea indet.2 Sokol 1977 frog One atlas (BRS25/H/203); one sacral vertebra (BRS25/H/207).
| |
Urodela indet.2 salamander One caudal vertebra (BRS2/H/6); one radius (BRS25/H/244); three ilia (BRS1bis/H/4; BRS25/H/67, 209).
| |
Actinopteri | |
| |
| |
| |
Colubroides | |
|