PBDB Collection

Echo Quarry (Miocene of the United States)

Where: Sioux County, Nebraska (42.2° N, 103.7° W)

• Paleocoordinates: 45.6° N, 97.2° W (Wright 2013)

• coordinate stated in text

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Olcott Formation, Early/Lower Barstovian (16.3 - 12.5 Ma)

• member-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; lithology not reported

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: M. F. Skinner, S. M. Skinner, and R. J. Gooris. 1977. Stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of late Cenozoic deposits in central Sioux County, western Nebraska. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 158(5):263-370 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 17905: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Jonathan Marcot and Patricia Holroyd

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Aves
Falconiformes - Falconidae	Pediohierax ramenta¹ Pediohierax ramenta¹ Wetmore 1936 raptor
Mammalia
Carnivora - Amphicyonidae	Pliocyon sp.⁵, Amphicyon sp.⁵, Cynelos sp.⁵ Pliocyon sp.⁵ Matthew 1918 bear-dog Amphicyon sp.⁵ Lartet 1836 bear-dog Cynelos sp.⁵ Jourdan 1862 bear-dog
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Leptarctus oregonensis² Leptarctus oregonensis² Stock 1930 mustelid carnivore
Carnivora - Canidae	Tomarctus hippophaga¹⁵, Tomarctus brevirostris¹⁵, Euoplocyon brachygnathus¹⁵, Microtomarctus conferta¹⁵, Psalidocyon marianae¹⁵, Leptocyon leidyi¹³, Osbornodon fricki¹⁴ Tomarctus hippophaga¹⁵ Matthew and Cook 1909 bone-crushing dog Tomarctus brevirostris¹⁵ Cope 1873 bone-crushing dog Euoplocyon brachygnathus¹⁵ Douglass 1903 bone-crushing dog Microtomarctus conferta¹⁵ Matthew 1918 bone-crushing dog Psalidocyon marianae¹⁵ Wang et al. 1999 bone-crushing dog Leptocyon leidyi¹³ Tedford et al. 2009 canine Osbornodon fricki¹⁴ Wang 1994 canid
Carnivora - Felidae	Felidae indet.⁶, Pseudaelurus validus¹¹ Felidae indet.⁶ Gray 1821 cat "probably the same" as species from East Cuyamungue Pseudaelurus validus¹¹ Rothwell 2001 cat F:AM 61828
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Merychippus insignis¹², Acritohippus isonesus⁸, Hypohippus sp.⁸, Desmatippus integer Merychippus insignis¹² Leidy 1856 horse Acritohippus isonesus⁸ Cope 1889 horse Supplemental Table S1 Hypohippus sp.⁸ Leidy 1858 anchitheriine horse Supplemental Table S1 Desmatippus integer Matthew 1924 anchitheriine horse
Perissodactyla - Chalicotheriidae	Moropus merriami³ Moropus merriami³ Holland and Peterson 1913 chalicothere
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Aphelops megalodus⁹, Teleoceras medicornutum⁹ Aphelops megalodus⁹ Cope 1873 rhinoceros Teleoceras medicornutum⁹ Osborn 1904 rhinoceros
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Hesperhys vagrans¹⁰, "Dyseohyus stirtoni" = Stirtonhyus xiphodonticus Hesperhys vagrans¹⁰ Douglass 1903 peccary F:AM 143831 "Dyseohyus stirtoni" = Stirtonhyus xiphodonticus Barbour 1925 peccary
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) wilsoni⁴ Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) wilsoni⁴ Frick 1937 pronghorn
Artiodactyla - Palaeomerycidae	Sinclairomeryx sp. Sinclairomeryx sp. Frick 1937 ruminant
Artiodactyla - Moschidae	"Blastomeryx cf. elegans" = Blastomeryx gemmifer "Blastomeryx cf. elegans" = Blastomeryx gemmifer Cope 1874 musk deer see also Frick 1937
Artiodactyla - Dromomerycidae	"Dromomeryx whitfordi" = Dromomeryx borealis, Bouromeryx nebrascensis n. sp. "Dromomeryx whitfordi" = Dromomeryx borealis Cope 1877 ruminant see also Frick 1937 Bouromeryx nebrascensis n. sp. ruminant
Artiodactyla - Protoceratidae	"Prosynthetoceras siouxensis" = Lambdoceras siouxensis "Prosynthetoceras siouxensis" = Lambdoceras siouxensis Frick 1937 protoceratid
Artiodactyla - Merycoidodontidae	Merychyus relictus, Brachycrus siouense, "Ticholeptus hypsodus" = Ticholeptus zygomaticus Merychyus relictus Matthew and Cook 1909 oreodont see Schultz and Falkenbach 1947 Brachycrus siouense Sinclair 1915 oreodont "Ticholeptus hypsodus" = Ticholeptus zygomaticus Cope 1878 oreodont see Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
Rodentia - Castoridae	Monosaulax curtus⁷ Monosaulax curtus⁷ Matthew and Cook 1909 beaver

¹Becker 1987; ²Calede et al. 2017; ³Coombs 2004; ⁴Frick 1937; ⁵Hunt 1998; ⁶Hunt 1998; ⁷Korth 1999; ⁸Mihlbachler et al. 2011; ⁹Prothero 2005; ¹⁰Prothero 2015; ¹¹Rothwell 2001; ¹²Skinner and Taylor 1967; ¹³Tedford et al. 2009; ¹⁴Wang 1994; ¹⁵Wang et al. 1999