PBDB Collection

Sand Draw Quarry ( of the United States)

Also known as UNSM Sand Draw locality; Frick Prospecting Locality 277; Magill; Owl Pellet; UM-Neb. sites 1-66, 2-66, 2-67, 4-67, 5-67, 1-68

Where: Brown County, Nebraska (42.7° N, 100.0° W)

• Paleocoordinates: 43.4° N, 98.8° W (Wright 2013)

• coordinate based on political unit

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Blancan (4.9 - 1.8 Ma)

Environment/lithology: terrestrial

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: P. O. McGrew. 1944. An Early Pleistocene (Blancan) fauna from Nebraska. Geological Series, Field Museum of Natural History 9(2):31-66 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/C. Bell]more details

PaleoDB collection 19963: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Jonathan Marcot and Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

• from a single 26 ft interval
list updated and extended by Skinner and Hibbard 1972
"Equus cf. conversidens": specimen is from an indeterminate horizon

Show authors, comments, and common names

Reptilia
Testudines - Kinosternoidea	Kinosternon flavescens⁴ Kinosternon flavescens⁴ Agassiz 1857 Yellow mud turtle
Testudines - Testudinidae	"Caudochelys sp." = Hesperotestudo⁹, "Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) oelrichi" = Hesperotestudo turgida⁵ "Caudochelys sp." = Hesperotestudo⁹ Williams 1950 turtle possibly johnstoni "Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) oelrichi" = Hesperotestudo turgida⁵ Cope 1892 turtle paratypes
Squamata - Colubridae	Thamnophis sp.³, Heterodon platyrhinos³, Nerodia sp.² Thamnophis sp.³ Fitzinger 1843 garter snake Heterodon platyrhinos³ Latreille 1801 eastern hognosed snake Nerodia sp.² Baird and Girard 1853 water snake
Mammalia
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Planisorex dixonensis, Sorex sandersi Planisorex dixonensis Hibbard 1956 red-toothed shrew Sorex sandersi Hibbard 1956 long-tailed shrew
Soricomorpha - Talpidae	Scalopus aquaticus Scalopus aquaticus Linnaeus 1758 eastern mole
Carnivora - Mephitidae	Buisnictis burrowsi Buisnictis burrowsi Skinner and Hibbard 1972 skunk
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Taxidea cf. taxus, Satherium piscinarium¹, Trigonictis macrodon¹, Trigonictis cookii⁷ Taxidea cf. taxus Schreber 1778 American badger Satherium piscinarium¹ Leidy 1873 otter Trigonictis macrodon¹ Cope 1868 mustelid carnivore Trigonictis cookii⁷ Gazin 1934 mustelid carnivore from "Booth Draw" loc. 277
Carnivora - Canidae	Borophagus diversidens, Canis lepophagus, Canis edwardii⁸ Borophagus diversidens Cope 1892 bone-crushing dog confirmed by Wang et al. 1999 Canis lepophagus Johnston 1938 canine Canis edwardii⁸ Gazin 1942 canine
Carnivora - Felidae	Machairodontinae indet.¹ Machairodontinae indet.¹ Gill 1872 cat
Perissodactyla - Equidae	"Equus simplicidens" = Plesippus simplicidens, Equus calobatus "Equus simplicidens" = Plesippus simplicidens Cope 1892 horse Equus calobatus Troxell 1915 horse
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Platygonus sp. Platygonus sp. Leconte 1848 peccary
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Capromeryx tauntonensis⁶ Capromeryx tauntonensis⁶ Morgan and Morgan 1995 pronghorn
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Cervidae indet. Cervidae indet. Gray 1821 deer
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Gigantocamelus spatulus¹, Camelops sp., Hemiauchenia sp.¹ Gigantocamelus spatulus¹ Cope 1893 camel Camelops sp. Leidy 1854 camel Hemiauchenia sp.¹ Gervais and Ameghino 1880 camel
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Leporidae indet. Leporidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 rabbit
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Spermophilus meltoni, Spermophilus boothi, Spermophilus johnstoni Spermophilus meltoni Hibbard 1972 ground squirrel Spermophilus boothi Hibbard 1972 ground squirrel Spermophilus johnstoni Hibbard 1972 ground squirrel
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Pliolemmus antiquus, "Sigmodon medius" = Sigmodon minor, Neotoma cf. quadriplicata¹¹, Pliophenacomys primaevus, Nebraskomys mcgrewi n. sp., Hibbardomys skinneri n. sp.¹⁰, Peromyscus cf. kansasensis, Onychomys sp., Ogmodontomys poaphagus, Ophiomys fricki, Ophiomys magilli, Ondatra meadensis¹, Calomys (Bensonomys) meadensis Pliolemmus antiquus Hibbard 1937 rodent "Sigmodon medius" = Sigmodon minor Gidley 1922 cotton rat Neotoma cf. quadriplicata¹¹ Hibbard 1941 pack rat Pliophenacomys primaevus Hibbard 1937 rodent OK, see Zakrzewski 1984 Nebraskomys mcgrewi n. sp. Hibbard 1957 rodent see Hibbard 1957a Hibbardomys skinneri n. sp.¹⁰ Zakrzewski 1984 rodent Peromyscus cf. kansasensis Hibbard 1941 deer mouse Onychomys sp. Baird 1858 grasshopper mouse Ogmodontomys poaphagus Hibbard 1941 rodent described by Zakrzewski 1967a Ophiomys fricki Hibbard 1972 vole Ophiomys magilli Hibbard 1972 vole placed in Ogmodontomys as a lapsus Ondatra meadensis¹ Hibbard 1937 muskrat Calomys (Bensonomys) meadensis Hibbard 1956 rodent
Rodentia - Castoridae	Dipoides rexroadensis, Procastoroides sweeti Dipoides rexroadensis Hibbard and Riggs 1949 beaver Procastoroides sweeti Barbour and Schultz 1937 beaver
Rodentia - Geomyidae	Geomys quinni Geomys quinni McGrew 1944 pocket gopher
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Stegomastodon primitivus Stegomastodon primitivus Osborn 1936 gomphothere

¹Alroy 2002; ²Alroy 2009; ³Brattstrom 1967; ⁴Fichter 1969; ⁵Holman 1972; ⁶Morgan and Morgan 1995; ⁷Ray et al. 1981; ⁸Tedford et al. 2009; ⁹Vlachos 2018; ¹⁰Zakrzewski 1984; ¹¹Zakrzewski 1993