Epanomi (Pliocene of Greece)

Also known as ENM

Where: Thessaloniki, Greece (40.4° N, 23.0° E: paleocoordinates 40.2° N, 22.9° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

When: Gonia Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• Nevertheless, previous palaeontological and stratigraphic work carried out in western Chalkidikí Peninsula permits the correlation of the new site with the upper horizon of Goniá Fm., limiting its age to the latest Pliocene.

Environment/lithology: fluvial; claystone

• Palaeoecologically, the presence of a horse certainly points to an open environment, while Mammuthus meridionalis is a woodland form. This probably suggests an open woodland environment, or an open environment with forested patches, for the Epanomí area during the latest Pliocene.
• The proximal part of the tusk was protruding out of the eroding calcareous-clayey matrix and was in part reburied by seashore sand and pebbles

Size class: macrofossils

Collected in 1999-200

Collection methods: surface (in situ), mechanical,

• The first author carried out an excavation at the end of October 1999, recovering most of the tusk (Fig. 2). Another excavation that followed in May 2000 yielded the distal end of the specimen, still remaining in the cliff, under thick vegetation cover. In spite of careful prospecting in the area, no other part of the proboscidean dentition or skeleton was found. The specimen was prepared in the laboratory of the Ephorate of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology (Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Athens) and is currently kept in the collection of the 10th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities (Polýgyros, Chalkidikí).

Primary reference: A. Athanassiou and D. S. Kostopoulos. 2010. On mammal remains in the area of Epanomi (Macedonia, Greece). In G. Christofides, N. Kantiranis, D. S. Kostopoulos, A. A. Chatzipetros (eds.), Proceedings of the XIX Congress of the Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association, Thessaloniki, 2010. Scientific Annals of the School of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 99:63-68 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 204660: authorized by Evangelos Vlachos, entered by Evangelos Vlachos on 16.09.2019

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Mammuthus cf. meridionalis Nesti 1825 mammoth
ENM-1: left tusk
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758 horse
(stenonid type) Material: ENM-2: right astragalus